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Topic: River Culm

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In the News (Mon 30 Nov 09)

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	River Culm
		The River Culm is not strictly speaking a flat water river, nor does it have undisputed access throughout the year.
		Straight ahead the river vanishes into the building whilst to the left a 2 metre sloping weir drops under the building which is raised on concrete columns over the river.
		The river now skirts around KILLERTON PARK and high up in the bank-side trees is strong evidence to the height that the water reaches with the material made at the nearby paper mill.
	www.bcusouthwest.org.uk /access/culm.htm (726 words)

	Rivers of Great Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rivers of England, Scotland and Wales, organised geographically, taken anti-clockwise, from Land's End are included.
		River Thames (From Oxford up to its source, the Thames is also known as the River Isis)
		River Sark - straddles the border in its lower reaches
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rivers_of_Great_Britain (335 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Culm and the Barle are both part of the River Exe system and by using native fish the Agency is helping to ensure the genetic integrity of the salmon.
		Last year Mead Specialty Papers showed its concern for the local river environment with the building of a fish pass at the paper mill and the company is very excited at the prospect of salmon returning to the River Culm after such a long absence.
		The Lowman is a much improved river and the Agency is currently having a fish pass installed in one of the major obstructions in the river at Chieflowman.
	www.naturalworldtours.co.uk /articles2001/jan/jan2001f.htm (477 words)

	methods
		To determine the relationship between the diameter and biomass of a culm, 30 short sections of culm of varying diameter, and from a variety of clumps, were collected.
		These included: 1 culm sawn and left standing in the forest on a wooden stake, off the ground, for 3 weeks, and subsequently sawn into 1.5 m sections and air-dried at the LARC for a further 3 weeks, a process known as vinegrar (Londoño pers.
		Culm sections were subsequently assessed for the number of hairline and structurally damaging cracks, as well as the incidence of borer and fungal attack.
	www.geocities.com /marona_mdd/mar_methods.htm (1741 words)

	Education - Encyclopedia: Flora - Terete Culm Sedge
		The name 'terete culm' comes from terete meaning almost cylindrical, and culm referring to the aerial stem ending in an inflorescence (flower).
		Terete Culm Sedge is a common species in the Barmah-Millewa forests.
		It is found in association with the River Red Gums both at the water's edge, and as a part of the understorey in the forest/woodland where it is subject to periodic inundation.
	www.mdbc.gov.au /education/encyclopedia/wildlife/flora/terete_culm_sedge.htm (82 words)

	The Delaware Riverkeeper Network
		The difference between the two regions is dramatically illustrated as the River spills through the Delaware Water Gap, a narrow opening in the Kittatiny Ridge.
		The Schuylkill River is draped in history, and is intertwined with the path of exploration and development west of the coast.
		In recent years, river scientists and managers have also realized that the degradation of our piedmont streams is not limited to pollution inputs, it includes changes to the natural flow, habitats, and stream morphology resulting from increased impervious surfaces and decreasing natural vegetation that accompanies development of the watershed.
	www.delawareriverkeeper.org /theriver/piedmont.asp (1299 words)

	BBC Online - Devon - News - Salmon released by the Environment Agency into the River Culm
		It is part of a five-year long project to encourage the return of the fish to the river system after an absence of many years.
		Years ago the picture was very different, as the river is a tributary of the Exe - one the premier salmon rivers in the south of England.
		Eggs taken from River Exe salmon have been hatched and reared in the Environment Agency fish hatchery in Wales.
	www.bbc.co.uk /devon/news/082001/22/salmon.shtml (219 words)

	CULM GRASSLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Culm is a local name, given to rocks that lie beneath the soil in a very large part of Devon.
		From the River Exe valley, the Culm Measures extend westward, between the massive, hard granite outcrop of Dartmoor and the softer red sandstones of Exmoor, right through to the Atlantic coast.
		Culm Pasture is a man-made environment that has sustained people through the cattle it has fed. But space, in times past was not the problem it is today.
	www.rdg.eurobell.co.uk /infoculm.html (662 words)

	Angling 2000 \| River Culm \| Champerhaies
		A nice section of river reminiscent of the Windrush.
		The best of the coarse fishing will be in the autumn with dace to 1lb, chub to 4lb and roach to over 2lb.
		The river is easy to fish with a lovely pool, riffle, glide sequence.
	www.angling2000.org.uk /beats/01.htm (141 words)

	Fly Angler's OnLine "Bamboo Rods Part 69
		Culms ideal for rodbuilding are those that grow straight with a minimum of branching leaves and with dense and strong walls.
		The culms are marked by scratching the enamel (outer surface) of the cane with a symbol (grower's mark) so that during the plant's life and subsequent harvesting each person's labor can be accounted for.
		Culms that a rodbuilder receives are typically cut from the lowest twelve feet of the plant and are packaged in bundles of twenty.
	www.flyanglersonline.com /features/bamboo/part69.html (1324 words)

	Bamboo Rod Making
		Chris and Scott with a finished culm that has been flamed using a hand-held torch (note, Chris is standing next to the "oven" used to heat treat the bamboo strips after rough planing - just prior to final dimension planing).
		Chris and John further split the culm into smaller and smaller strips until they are ready for dam and node removal and then the straightening process.
		Fine splitting is done with the use of a vice and a screwdriver to "steer" the split right down the middle of the strip.
	home.comcast.net /~kings11/bamboo_rod_making.htm (2056 words)

	Nature Reserves
		On the south side of the river, purple moor grass predominates, though some fields are mostly covered by rushes.
		Elsewhere on the nature reserve there are areas of dense willow and oak scrub and on the south bank of the river stands a small woodland dominated by oak and ash with much willow and many fine hazels.
		In common with most Culm Grassland sites, Volehouse Moor supports important populations of many insects although there is still much survey work to be done before we have a good idea of all that can be found here.
	www.devonwildlifetrust.org /index.php?section=places:reserves&reserveid=240 (760 words)

	Fish & Fly - Jon Beer - 03/03 - Songs
		The little River Culm rattles along through nowhere in particular which is its chief blessing.
		Almost all British rivers are the River Something-or-other: American rivers are the Something-or-other River.
		Actually The Mells River wouldn't be a river at all in America: it wouldn't even rate as a creek.
	www.fishandfly.co.uk /jbedit0703.html (1227 words)

	Slieve Margy Way - Items of Interest
		The River Barrow rises in the Slieve Bloom Mountains in the northwestern side of Co. Laois.
		The Rivers Barrow, Suir and the Nore form what is known as the three sister rivers.
		To burn culm in domestic fires it was crushed with yellow clay under the weight of a large edge-runner grinding stone which was usually drawn by a horse.
	homepage.eircom.net /~walkingways/interest.htm (1023 words)

	Comstock Family
		Its derivation undoubtedly traces to a village in Devonshire, England called Culmstock which is located on the River Culm some ten miles east of Tiverton and an equal distance south of Taunton.
		This particular stockade being located on the River Culm or Colm came to be designated Colmstocke or Culstock.
		In considering the origin of family names, it must be borne in mind that surnames in England did not become permanent or hereditary until the Eleventh or Twelfth Centuries.
	free.prohosting.com /~mcpixie/Comstock/ComstockName.html (954 words)

	The Times Herald - News - 11/30/2002 - History of the waterway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Culm, which was considered a waste byproduct, was disposed of by water carrying it to the nearest tributary and ultimately to the main stem of the Schuylkill River.
		Furthermore, it has even been reported that culm was found in the Delaware River 31 miles downstream and 10 miles upstream from the mouth of the Schuylkill verifying the power of the river to carry waste into other watersheds.
		The project was to remove and dispose of the silt deposits, which accumulated in the channel and on the banks of the river from its headwaters to the Norristown Dam.
	timesherald.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=6230819&BRD=1672&PAG=461&... (887 words)

	chemsites2.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		While it was cheap to divert the river down a millrace, through a water wheel to provide energy for grinding powder, it was unreliabe when the river was low or frozen.
		As it turns out the culm can be successfully burned in the cogeneration plant providing energy for the community, reducing the culm mountains, and filling in 12 acres of stripping pits a year with ash, thus reclaiming the environment.
		The culm is anthracite based which was considered discard because of its size or coal content has an energy content of 3,500Btu/lb (1Btu = 252cal).
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~jafield/steamtoelectricity.html (696 words)

	The Prussian-Lithuanian Frontier of 1242 - William Urban
		Along the river the knights maintained a series of castles that served as bases for scouting activities and as assembly points for the militia.
		Until 1237 they had conquered only the territory of Culm, which was in the bend of the Vistula river and surrounded on three sides by Christian lands — Masovia, Kujawia, and Pomerania — which provided many crusaders to assist in the conquest.
		The bishops had not yet been awarded their sees because of resistance from Bishop Christian, who claimed to be the rightful lord of two thirds of the conquered lands, but the pope was aware of the proposed division that was adopted in 1243.
	www.lituanus.org /1975/75_4_01.htm (3706 words)

	PNRC0261 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The third is at the upper end of the valley of the Yarty, near Hilhaven Bridge, in the parishes of Yarcombe and Membury; and the other at Ridge, on the Kilbridge River, in the parish of Chardstock, in the county of Dorset.
		THIS river has its source on Exmoor, at the westwardly termination of the Dunkerry Hills, in the county of Somerset, whence it pursues a south-eastwardly course, to within a mile of the town of Dulverton, and by Pixton Park, the seat of the Earl of Caernarvon, near which place it enters Devonshire.
		From Exeter, the ancient course of the river is by Countess Wear Bridge, to the town of Topsham, where the river navigation commences.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /jim.shead/PNRC0261.htm (2996 words)

	PNRC0401
		Another act was obtained in 1805, entitled, 'An Act for the better Preservation and further Improvement of the Navigation of the River Lea, in the counties of Hertford, Essex and Middlesex.' This act applies chiefly to the regulations of the depth of water, the prevention of its waste and other particulars of a similar nature.
		The River Lea Company may, if they think fit, place a dam at the mouth of the canal, to prevent any but flood-water being taken from their navigation.
		A navigation between the east and west seas, by the Rivers Aire and Ribble, had been deemed practicable by several public spirited gentlemen, residents in the counties of York and Lancaster, who at various times had endeavoured to draw the public attention to the scheme.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /jim.shead/PNRC0401.htm (4368 words)

	Boone Family Heritage
		Bradninch is situated in the lower half of the Culm valley in mid Devon (England).
		The M5, main railway line to London and the river Culm all are to the east side of Bradninch.
		The chief rivers are the Avon and the Parret (with its tributaries the Yeo or Ivel, Isle, and Tone), the former forming the boundary on the NE., the latter traversing the centre of the county; the other streams are the Yeo, Ax, and Brue.
	www.geocities.com /mont_co_mo/boone/boone.htm (2624 words)

	Lecture 6: River Bed and Bank Erosion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ashbridge, D. (1995): Processes of river bank erosion and their contribution to the suspended sediment load of the River Culm, Devon.
		In Foster, I., Gurnell, A. and Webb, B. (eds.): Sediment and Water Quality in River Catchments, Wiley and Sons Ltd, 229-246.
		Lewin J., Hughes, D. and Blacknell, C. (1977): Incidence of river erosion, Area, 9, 177-180.
	users.aber.ac.uk /cjm3/lecture_6_reference_list.htm (237 words)

	Users
		After trialling it on of a wide range of gravel-bedded braided river reaches (mean flows of 3.4 to 100 m3/s) and a large sinuous single thread river (mean flow 291 m3/s), NIWA found Hydro2de to be robust software giving good results.
		Slide 1 (75k) shows predicted flow depths on the floodplain of the River Culm, Devon, at three discharges.
		Slide 2 and 3 show combined flow depth and velocity vector predictions for small areas of the River Culm floodplain and illustrate the ability of hydro2de to simulate flow patterns in complex environments.
	www.fluvial.ch /users.html (1198 words)

	Lackawanna River Corridor Association
		As sediment from culm piles accumulate in a stream, they affect aquatic life by altering biochemical conditions and restricting food resources and habitat space.
		These type of soil conditions contribute to the particulate sediment load of the River and generate large volumes of surface AMD non-point source runoff.
		This dump is situated on the floodplain at the confluence of Grassy Island Creek and the River.
	www.lrca.org /pages/amdaml/pages/aml.htm (697 words)

	The Culm Valley in Devon
		A substantial part of the Culm Valley falls within the Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, which is characterised by its network of hedges, mature hedgerow trees and small copses linking a rich mosaic of semi-natural habitats.
		The Culm Valley is home to a number of artists and crafts people, some of which regularly open their studios to members of the public.
		The River Culm is a relatively undiscovered gem for anglers who enjoy tranquility and the challenges of diverse stretches of water ranging from the shallow fast flowing to deep sheltered ponds.
	www.bramblesguesthouse.co.uk /placestovisit/culmvalley.htm (1456 words)

	The Woodland Trust - get in touch
		We have dormice, water voles, otters, roe deer, badgers and foxes; and we’re hoping to put in a bird scrape where there’s a natural dip in the meadow.’ The meadow itself contains a variety of old grasses as well as pignut, an indication that in the past it was extremely species-rich.
		The River Box runs alongside the picturesque 9 hectare (22 acre) pastureland, part of which is now a designated County Wildlife Site.
		Primrose Wood was planted on the hill looking down over the river valley and the millennium feature is a locally made circular wooden seat set near some fl poplar cuttings taken from another area of the village called the Spinney.
	www.woodland-trust.org.uk /woyd/woodfeatures.htm (1038 words)

	BBC - Devon Wildlife Trust survey of water voles draws a blank
		Water voles used to be seen scurrying around river banks, and in amongst reed beds, but the loss of habitat - and their burrows being flooded - have taken their toll.
		So have wild mink, and there are calls for a limited mink control to help in the water voles' fight for survival.
		One of the last known water vole strongholds in Devon was the River Clyst.
	www.bbc.co.uk /devon/outdoors/nature/water_voles.shtml (662 words)

	Warren's Weather Watch- Photos, Flooding 14th Nov 2002
		This is the 3rd time in the last 2 years that the river Culm has been over the road at Hele, but previous to that it has not been over the road for over 30 years, why!
		RIVER EXE AT MILL ON THE EXE IN EXETER
		This was the worst flooding of the River Culm for 20+ years and was higher than the 30th Oct 2000 flood
	www.eclipse.co.uk /~sa3332/warrensweatherwatch/photos/2002/nov14th/14thnov.htm (294 words)

	A Trout Plain
		The Culm, which rises in Somerset shire, and hastening into a fairer land (as the border waters wisely do) falls into the Exe near Killerton, formerly was a lovely trout stream, such as perverts the Devonshire angler from due respect toward Father Thames and the other canals round London.
		The Culm used to be a good river at Culmstock, tormented already by a factory, but not strangled as yet by a railroad.
		The river, after passing through a hurdle fence at the head of the meadow, takes a little turn or two of bright and shallow indifference, then gathers itself into a good strong slide, as if going down a slope instead of steps.
	www.ultimateflytying.com /TroutPlain.htm (5729 words)

	Prussia
		Christian, who had taken refuge in the fortified castle of Culm, and Conrad of Masovia were in the greatest peril and turned to the heroic Order of Teutonic Knights, promising them large grants of land for the conquest of Prussia.
		Thus arose the towns of Thorn, Culm, Grandenz, Marienwerder (1233), Elbing (1237), and Konigsberg (1255).
		A reason why Christian did not enjoy any longer the favor of the papal court is to be found in the fear of leaving such a large territory under the rule of one person.
	grunwald.iatp.by /prus-e.htm (1606 words)

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