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Topic: River Neckinger

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	Neckinger
		The pressure for land meant that the river hampered rather than drove the economy and the ancient Saxon river was filled in and built over, reduced to a mere trickle.
		Where the Neckinger joined the Thames, it was converted to a commercial dock, St. Saviour's, lined with warehouses catering for the valuable trade in exotic spices and coffee.
		Life in the area was far from exotic, on the east bank of the river was the notorious slum of Jacob's Island, the home of Bill Sykes in Dickens' Oliver Twist, where the long-suffering Nancy met her early death, and the location for the rubbish gatherers in Dickens' Our Mutual Friend.
	www.gig91.dial.pipex.com /neckinge.htm (547 words)

	River Neckinger - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The River Neckinger is a subterranean river that rises in Southwark and flows through London to St Saviour's Dock where it enters the River Thames.
		The name of the river is believe to derive from the term "devil's neckcloth" (i.e.
		The area where the Neckinger meets the Thames at St Saviour's Dock was historically known as Jacob's Island (now the wealthy area known as Shad Thames).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/River_Neckinger (178 words)

	Jacob's Island: W. Lees Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This Neckinger river has for centuries contributed to the commercial prosperity of Bermondsey affording water-power to various mills and supplying the tanners with what their trade requires.
		Another small river now covered in, called "Mill Stream" ran close to St. Saviour’s Dock, and found its exit to the Thames, toghther with the Neckinger, at the bottom of the present Mill Street.
		The most ancient record of the district is in one of the last deeds executed by the Abbot of Bermondsey, and relates to a Mill in that corner of the island near St. Saviour’s Dock,demised to John Curlew in 1536, for grinding purposes.
	members.tripod.com /Philip_Neal/lees_bell.htm (1019 words)

	Quarterly 16 Supplement
		On the Upper river Wey: Haslemere Mills, Barford Mills, Godalming Mills.
		On the Lower River Wey: Stoke Mill, Bower's Mill, Byfleet and Ham Haw Mills.
		On the River Wandle: Carshalton Mills, Morden and Merton Mills.
	www.baph.org.uk /archive/q16supplement.html (167 words)

	London Travel » Geography of London
		The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding.
		The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding by storm surges.
		The Thames Barrier was constructed across the Thames at Woolwich in the 1970s to deal with this threat, but in early 2005 it was suggested that a ten mile long barrier further downstream might be required to deal with the flood risk in the future.
	goto-london.com /travel/6/geography-of-london (740 words)

	onionbagblog - sport, london, subvert
		It was at this particular stretch of the river where the boundaries between public right of way and knobber multi-millionaire detachment from the real world become blurred.
		Cherry Gardens further down the river use to be the site of an Elizabethan spa and is name checked by Mr Pepys when he 'took to the waters' as a healing process to try and remove a stone.
		The next stretch along the river from Rotherhithe to the Peninsula is equally as fascinating, as long as you stay South of course.
	www.mondaysmusings.blogspot.com /pictemps/bermondsey.html (1303 words)

	Bermondsey: The abbey \| British History Online
		The Neckinger Road—at a short distance southward of Jacob's Island, Dockhead, and the other waterside places mentioned towards the close of the preceding chapter—marks the ancient water-course, formerly navigable as far as the precincts of the abbey.
		The Neckinger Mills, which cover a large space of ground between the Neckinger Road and the South-Eastern Railway, were erected a century or more ago by a company who attempted the manufacture of paper from straw; but this failing, the premises passed into the hands of others who established the leather manufacture.
		At the junction of Neckinger Road with the Jamaica Road is Parker's Row, at the southern end of which stands Christ Church, a brick-built edifice, of Romanesque architecture, erected in 1848, from the designs of Messrs.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=45270 (7218 words)

	Bermondsey
		The earliest areas to develop were near the river - Jacob’s Island, just to the east of St Saviour’s Dock was a notorious and appalling slum – and along Bermondsey Street.
		Warehouses and wharves line the river and amongst the fields are tan yards and rope walks.
		It is a landscape of warehouses and wharves near the river and densely packed housing further inland.
	www.ideal-homes.org.uk /southwark/main/bermondsey1.htm (681 words)

	London trivia
		The river is the combination of four rivers, the Isis, the Churn, the Coln and the Leach.
		Some of London's other rivers are well known, even though their names may not now be associated with water courses in most peoples' minds.
		River Westbourne - again rises in Hampstead, splitting and reaching the Thames near Chelsea Royal Hospital and at Grosvenor Canal dock.
	www.alanharding.com /london_trivia.html (2120 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Many London localities started their existence as small villages along these rivers, and their placenames reflect their origin.
		The Wandle remains one of the few that are accessible for most of its length." The River Brent is also above ground for most of its course.
		The Christopher Fowler crime thriller The Water Room 2004 ISBN 0-385-60554-4 uses the River Fleet as a key setting, and mentions other London rivers.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Subterranean_rivers_of_London (343 words)

	Parishes: Bermondsey \| British History Online
		The town was protected from the river by banks and dikes, but was yet subject to frequent incursions of the tide.
		The river frontage of Bermondsey Borough extends from London Bridge to the boundary of Deptford.
		The population of Bermondsey parish increased enormously in the 19th century.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=43026 (6866 words)

	LondonTown.com \| Neckinger Street Guide \| Neckinger Street London, SE1, England, UK \| London Streets by Street
		The nearest underground station to Neckinger Street is 'Bermondsey ' which is about 11 minutes to the East.
		Located within yards of two of London’s most famous landmarks, Tower Bridge and HMS Belfast, this hotel is ideal for visitors doing business or attending functions in the city.
		Situated on the banks of the River Thames, next to the Tower of London and Tower Bridge and very close to the financial district, this four-star hotel offers well-equipped bedrooms, apartments and suites, all with superb views overlooking St Katherine’s Dock.
	www.londontown.com /LondonStreets/neckinger_street_e59.html (325 words)

	Rivers of Great Britain (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rivers of England, Scotland and Wales, organised geographically, taken anti-clockwise, from Land's End are included.
		For simplicity, they are divided here by the nation in which the mouth of the river can be found, and sea into which it flows.
		River Thames (From Oxford up to its source, the Thames is also known as the River Isis)
	rivers-of-great-britain.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (239 words)

	Untitled Document
		This is the densely signifying heart of London shorn of the later suburban sprawls of Islington, Hackney, Clapham, Bloomsbury, Chelsea or Kensington.
		It was located close to a turnpike, the Lock Hospital and a bridge over the Neckinger River, and now - amidst waves of social housing (Guinness, LCC to GLC) all around - close to the only Lubetkin building on the Southbank.
		In the seventeenth century the view east would have extended over farmers' fields flanking the Thames for miles, and over the river and mudflats the next fort in the circuit would have been clearly visible, just beyond what is now a circular bandstand.
	www.g-m-a.net /docs/c_forting.html (8524 words)

	exploring social action: a walk in bermondsey [print version with directions]
		Across the river you can St Katherine's dock and some of the extensive development that took place in the last two decades of the twentieth century following the closure of the docks.
		The moorings on the Thames to the east of St Saviour's Dock are the subject of a recent example of local community campaigning and activity.
		Much of the housing in the area immediately south of the river in Bermondsey was in an appalling state.
	www.infed.org /socialaction/bermondsey_print_version.htm (10581 words)

	Subterranean rivers of London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The subterranean or underground rivers of London are the tributaries of the River Thames that were built over in the growth of the metropolis of London.
		In recent years, with the restoration of the UK's waterways network gathering pace, parts of some rivers in London have been restored to their previous above-ground state, and fish reintroduced.
		On the South bank the next river upstream from the Effra is the Wandle.
	subterranean-rivers-of-london.iqnaut.net (287 words)

	Bermondsey - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A community of Cluniac monks established Bermondsey Abbey on the site in 1082 and began the development of the area, cultivating the land and embanking the riverside.
		They turned an adjacent tidal inlet at the mouth of the River Neckinger into a dock, naming it St Saviour's Dock after their abbey's patron.
		The area was extensively redeveloped during the 19th century and early 20th century with the expansion of the river trade and the arrival of the railways.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Bermondsey (676 words)

	No 39, July 2001
		These methods were successfully put into commercial practice in 1800 at Neckinger Mill, Bermondsey, near the south bank of the Thames about a mile downstream from London Bridge.
		Koops experiments at Neckinger must have prompted the establishment of the Straw Paper Company on a site at Millbank on the north bank of the Thames about a mile upstream from Westminster Bridge.
		Copies held by various libraries were re-examined, additionally it has recently been discovered that Neckinger Mill paper was used in some books by Thomas Pennant published in 1801 and 1804.
	www.baph.org.uk /archive/quarterly39.html (900 words)

	The Tenth Day of Lady Jane Grey: A Novel in Seven Parts by Ann Veronica Chesworth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Other rivers flowed into it: the Walbrook, from north to centre; the Fleet, west of the city wall, used by cargo ships up to Holborn, Tyburn, and from Hampstead to Westminster around the abbey; in the south was the river Neckinger at Bermondsey, and the Elffra at Vauxhall.
		If boats were unable to find a dock or a landing space they anchored mid-stream and their cargo was off-loaded on to smaller craft, or a hazardous arrangement of planks constructed across other craft, to shore.
		It was quite marshy near the banks and, even though the Thames was a tidal river, in the summer it was foul cesspool.
	www.pulpskeptic.com /tenth_day/glossary.html (10754 words)

	St Saviour's Dock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		St Saviour's Dock is the point where the River Neckinger enters the Thames.
		The Neckinger is a subterranean river that rises in Southwark and flows north entirely underground.
		They turned the adjacent tidal inlet at the mouth of the River Neckinger into a dock, and named it St Saviour's Dock after their abbey's patron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/St_Saviour's_Dock (383 words)

	Surrey Archaeological Collections
		Archaeological excavations alongside the river Wandle in Wallington produced evidence of the environmental history and human exploitation of the area.
		The recovery of a large assemblage of struck flint provided information on the nature of the prehistoric activities represented, while a detailed environmental archaeological programme permitted an examination of both the local sediment successions and thus an opportunity to reconstruct the environmental history of the site.
		Large flint nodules were washed by the river onto the site where they were procured and worked by Mesolithic and Bronze Age communities.
	www.surreyarchaeology.org.uk /abstracts.htm (7873 words)

	Geography of London - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		London began on the Thames' north bank and for many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city.
		When more bridges were built in the 18th century, the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth.
		The Thames Barrier was constructed across the Thames at Woolwich in the 1970s to deal with this threat, but in early 2005 it was suggested that a ten mile long barrier further downstream might be required to deal with the flood risk in the future [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geography_of_London (443 words)

	Fodor's Travel Guides \| Forums Messages
		The river was completely covered between 1732 and 1765 and, as the story goes, once when a pig was lost a rumor spread that a whole family of sewer-dwelling swine inhabited the underground river.
		Stamford Brook, the Wandle, Counter's Creek, the Falcon, the Westbourne, the Tyburn, the Effra, the Fleet, the Walbrook, Neckinger and the Earl's Sluice, the Peck and the Ravensbourne.
		From lost rivers and what has happened to them, to the sewers and disused tube stations, Churchill's Wartime Bunker and the Roman artefacts which are being thrown onto the muddy shore of the Thames to this very day when the tide goes out.
	www.fodors.com /forums/pgMessages.jsp?fid=2&tid=34902345&numresponses=19&start=0 (3468 words)

	Towns & Places in Hall/Barlow Family Tree
		Lying on the south bank of the River Don, it originally grew as a small hamlet centred on Attercliffe Chapel, and was part of the parish of Sheffield.
		It is bounded by the Hackney districts of Stamford Hill to the west, Lower Clapton and Lea Bridge to the south and the Haringey district of South Tottenham to the north.
		To the east is the River Lee, on the other side of which is the expanse of the Walthamstow Marshes, part of which is in the Lee Valley Park.
	the-halls.org.uk /towns/towns_places.htm (14697 words)

	LDDC Completion Booklet - Bermondsey Riverside
		In the early 1960s the pattern of wharfage began to change with the advent of containers, and by the 1970s river activity was virtually dead.
		In the early medieval period the monks of Bermondsey Abbey diverted the river Neckinger (now subterranean) to serve a water mill, after which Mill Street is named.
		The contribution the area can make to a stimulating riverfront, to increase use of river transport, and to an expansion of retailing on the south bank are matters the Council will actively pursue in tandem with local commercial and residential interests.
	www.lddc-history.org.uk /bermondsey (4205 words)

	Jacob's Island - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jacob's Island was a notorious rookery in Bermondsey, on the south bank of the River Thames in London.
		It was separated from Shad Thames to the west by St Saviour's Dock, the point where the subterranean River Neckinger enters the Thames, and on the other two sides by tidal ditches, one just west of George Street and the other just north of London Street (now named Wolseley Street).
		Dickens was taken to this then-impoverished and unsavory location by the officers of the river police, with whom he would occasionally go on patrol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacob's_Island (278 words)

	Cholera Epidemics in Bermondsey, London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The summer was particularly hot and dry and this was when the press described the Thames as the "Great Stink".
		Cholera:The first case of 1853 in London was a sailor living at 10, Marine Street in Bermondsey, near the River Thames.
		The red dot indicates where the outbreak of cholera originated in 1854 from a sailor living at Marine Street, Bermondsey.
	www.geocities.com /winsomegriffin/Cholera.html (186 words)

	Subterranean Rivers [Archive] - urban75 forums
		The one on the north bank is the Tyburn stream (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Tyburn) somtimes known as the River Tyburn.
		IIRC The larger outlet with the new nameplate for the river Effra in front of the Security Service (MI5) is actually the more recent Effra storm relief channel.
		The confluence of three rivers, where the Tyburn enters the Thames from the north and the Effra from the south, and the tidal turning point would have made this a sacred site for Bronze Age tribes.
	www.urban75.net /vbulletin/archive/index.php/t-132337.html (2395 words)

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