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Topic: River blindness

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	Operation Eyesight - River Blindness
		Onchocerciasis is often called "river blindness" and occurs in central Africa and central America near rapidly flowing rivers and stream, where the species of fl fly that transmits the disease is most often found.
		Currently, river blindness is managed with chemicals to stop the nematodes from reproducing and with insecticides to kill the fl flies that carry the worms.
		River blindness is the world’s second leading cause of infectious blindness and is found in more than 36 countries, notably in the central part of Africa and in South America.
	www.operationeyesight.ca /content/view/31/31 (216 words)

	River Blindness - WrongDiagnosis.com
		River Blindness is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that River Blindness, or a subtype of River Blindness, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
		With a diagnosis of River Blindness, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing River Blindness.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /r/river_blindness/intro.htm (619 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - River blindness: - A LEGACY OF SLAVERY - Thursday \| July 4, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Human onchocerciasis or 'river blindness' as it is more commonly known is a disease which takes its name from its occurrence around the great rivers of Africa the Congo, Volta, Niger and Benue and their tributaries expanding across most of Africa South of the Sahara.
		However, it was not the waters of the rivers which are to blame for bringing river blindness.
		River blindness is transmitted by fl flies known as Simulium.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20020704/science/science1.html (777 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for river (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is the longest river in the state and is navigable to the city of Grand Rapids, which grew there because of the availability of waterpower.
		Salt River valley irrigated region around the lower course of the Salt River, which rises in mountain streams near the Mogollon Rim of the Mogollon Plateau and flows southwest to join the Gila River in S central Arizona.
		Colorado River storage project a multipurpose plan, undertaken by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in 1956, to control the flow of the upper Colorado and its tributaries and to aid in the development of the rugged, remote upper Colorado River basin; includes parts of Wyo., Utah, Colo., Ariz., and N.Mex. The Colorado River Compact
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=river (806 words)

	Stroud Water Research Center: River Blindness
		River blindness, the scourge of West Africa for centuries, was the subject of the talk by Vince Resh, professor of entomology in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management at the University of California, Berkley.
		He specializes on river sustainability and population resettlement of rivers freed from onchocerciasis, the scientific term for river blindness.
		He also spoke about the ecology of the affected rivers, the environmental consequences of the control program and the sociological and geopolitical implications of population resettlement in the region.
	www.stroudcenter.org /newsletters/2001fall/blindness.htm (412 words)

	Untitled Document
		River blindness, a devastating tropical disease that affects 18 million people in Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and Latin America, is caused by parasitic worms that burrow into the skin and release millions of tiny offspring that spread throughout the body.
		River blindness is the second leading infectious cause of blindness in the world.
		The battle against river blindness is taking place on two fronts at the moment, with World Health Organization- and World Bank-sponsored programs to control the spread of the fl fly and to distribute an anti-worm medicine called ivermectin.
	www.cwru.edu /menu/research/riverblindness.htm (816 words)

	The Carter Center River Blindness (Onchocerciasis) Program
		Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bites of small fl flies that breed in rapidly flowing streams and rivers.
		The Carter Center's River Blindness Program assists ministries of health to eradicate river blindness in the six countries in the Americas — Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Venezuela — through the special Onchocerciasis Elimination Program of the Americas and to control river blindness in five African countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda.
		To contract river blindness, a person typically must be bitten hundreds of times by infected fl flies, since only a small percentage of the flies carry the infection.
	www.cartercenter.org /health/river_blindness/index.html (777 words)

	Nigeriaworld -- Victory over River Blindness is good news from Africa
		Achieving the level of success now identified with the campaign against river blindness did not come by isolated dints of hard work: it took a coalition of efforts and groups.
		The coalition that worked on river blindness drew from private companies like the Merck, a pharmaceutical firm: which provided the drugs free of charge, several UN agencies, about 26 donors, 30 African governments, rural communities and about 40 non-governmental organisations, NGOs.
		Besides 18 million villagers were freed of the threat of river blindness and thousands of farmers are now moving to reclaim 25 million hectares of fertile river land, which is sufficient arable land to feed 17 million people, according to WHO.
	nigeriaworld.com /columnist/laoluakande/052603.html (1474 words)

	Lionsclubs.org - LCIF
		The treatments for river blindness have transformed individual lives and communities in 12 countries in Africa and Latin America.
		River blindness is caused by infections that occur after being bitten by a fl fly, which is found near swiftly flowing rivers (hence the name of the disease).
		The treatments are not only preventing blindness but also enabling people to return to rich land and revive their local economy.
	www.lionsclubs.org /EN/content/lcif_gr_river_blindness.shtml (173 words)

	A Sight to See: SightFirst Makes Progress Against River Blindness and Trachoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Extraordinary measures are not needed to fight these diseases--just a dedicated commitment against blindness, a vast network of volunteers who are part of the communities they serve, organizational know-how and organizational partnerships that bring together resources and expertise.
		Lions are among a group of blindness prevention organizations that have dedicated themselves to eliminate blinding trachoma from the face of the earth by 2020.
		The goal is to establish sustainable river blindness programs and to move toward controlling the disease by 2007.
	www.lionsclubs.org /EN/content/news_mag_sfcovermar03.shtml (1428 words)

	Scientific Frontline / River blindness far from under control, warn researchers
		The apparent success of programmes to combat river blindness is leading to complacency, say researchers in a paper in PLoS Medicine today.
		Some communities have been receiving regular treatment for river blindness, which is also known as onchocerciasis, since the late 1980s.
		River blindness is a neglected disease and we will not be able to claim long-lasting victory if partial achievements become impediments to further research," she adds.
	www.sflorg.com /sciencenews/scn092506_05.html (549 words)

	river blindness - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		River blindness, which occurs primarily in Africa, Central and South America, and Yemen, affects an estimated 18 million people.
		The forest strain does not usually lead to blindness, but it does cause severe skin symptoms (lesions, itching, discoloration, change in texture) that can result in social ostracism.
		Gates Foundation Awards Carter Center $10 Million to Fight River Blindness in Americas.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-river-bl.html (338 words)

	Wyeth & WHO and Moxidectin program for River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)Wyeth.com
		River blindness (onchocerciasis) is the world's second leading cause of blindness.
		It is a parasitic disease endemic in 37 countries in Africa and Latin America and is spread by the bite of the fl fly.
		The battle against river blindness is not new.
	www.wyeth.com /aboutwyeth/citizenship/access/moxidectin (610 words)

	ScienceDaily: CSIRO Supports War Against River Blindness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The roundworm parasite Onchocerca volvulus that causes river blindness (onchocerciasis) is spread by the bite of the fl fly.
		River Blindness Caused By Bacteria, Not Worms, Suggesting Antibiotic Treatment For The Disease, Researchers Report (March 14, 2002) -- River blindness, a devastating tropical disease that affects 18 million people in Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and Latin America, is caused by parasitic worms that burrow into the skin and release...
		Circle Complete -- River Blindness Project Begins Final Stage (August 26, 1997) -- Nearly 20 years ago, a group of young scientists stepped off a plane at a remote airport in the Sudan to begin an ambitious program to rid that African nation and the rest of the world of a horrific...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/01/000105044801.htm (1750 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| River blindness drug revives village life
		Celestina Hiza, a 60-year-old grandmother who works on her family's small-holding, was the recipient of the symbolic 250 millionth free dose of a drug to prevent river blindness.
		A ceremony was held in the village of Bombani in Tanzania, attended by the country's Vice President, Dr Ali Mohammed Shein, and 2,000 villagers to mark the event.
		River blindness is a parasitic disease transmitted to humans through the bite of the common flfly found along riverbanks.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/2255180.stm (691 words)

	2nd Qtr 1999 NewsShare - River Blindness
		The high point of the anniversary celebrations were the unveiling of a commemorative river blindness statue by the President of the Republic of Burkina Faso.
		One of the objectives of the celebration of the anniversary is to mobilize the different partners, the concerned populations and the donors and increase their awareness of the need to retain the achievements of OCP so that river blindness shall never reemerge as a public health problem.
		* Onchocerciasis or river blindness is transmitted by the bite of the simuli.
	www.istm.org /publications/news_share/199902/riverblind.aspx (626 words)

	River blindness - 23 January 1993 - New Scientist
		Clinical trials in Nigeria have provided new clues to the treatment of river blindness, a disease caused by a worm that infects 18 million people.
		Ivermectin, the established drug which successfully treats the infection, is known to be effective against minor damage caused to the front of the eye by the worm, but until now scientists had very little clear evidence about the drug's role in preventing more serious effects of infection, in particular damage to the optic nerve.
		The researchers say that sustained, annual doses of ivermectin could prevent 'a substantial proportion' of river blindness in the savanna habitat where the trial was done.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg13718572.500-river-blindness-.html (239 words)

	HEALTH-WEST AFRICA: River Blindness Campaign Ends
		River blindness, or orchocerciasis, is caused by parasitic worms; transmitted to humans by biting flies that breed in fast flowing rivers.
		The Netherlands, one of the programme's donors, announced it would erect a small statue depicting a child leading a blind old man with a cane to commemorate the end of the programme and the end of suffering for millions of Africans.
		Around 50 kilometres of rivers and streams were treated with insecticides to eliminate pockets of the flies, which were still posing problems.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=14690 (966 words)

	river blindness — FactMonster.com
		river blindness or onchocerciasis,disease caused by the parasitic nematode worm
		Tropical Diseases—River Blindness - Tropical Diseases River Blindness Tropical Diseases Introduction Leishmaniasis: The Sand Fly's...
		Blindness may be caused by injury, by lesions of the...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0842007.html (268 words)

	UN Chronicle : Issue 1, 1998 : Healthwatch
		Onchocerciasis is a debilitating and often blinding disease endemic to tropical areas of Africa, as well as of Central and South America.
		Also known as river blindness and "the lion's stare", it is caused by a parasitic worm (onchocerca volvulus), which lives and reproduces for up to 14 years in the human body.
		It is transmitted to infected individuals by the bite of the flfly which breeds in fast flowing rivers, hence the name river blindness.
	www.un.org /Pubs/chronicle/1998/issue1/0198p12.html (1500 words)

	River Blindness
		River blindness, or onchocerciasis, is a disease caused by a parasitic worm.
		As people are driven from their homes and their lands for fear of going blind, large tracts of fertile, riverside land are rendered unusable.
		For several years now, Christian Blind Mission International has been a key player in the distribution of Mectizan, the drug that prevents river blindness.
	www.cbmi.org.au /default_page.php?doc_id=131 (409 words)

	Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although onchocerciasis is also known as river blindness, it is not just a disease of the eyes, but rather a chronic multisystem disease.
		-River blindness is being dramatically reduced in West Africa by the aggressive distribution of the antihelminth drug ivermectin.
		Immunopathogenesis of Onchocerca volvulus keratitis (river blindness): a novel role for TLR4 and endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria.
	www.histopathology-india.net /Oncho.htm (705 words)

	FAO News and Highlights: River blindness and agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		River Blindness and Agriculture: Disease decline means vast tracts open for sustainable farming
		But until recently the river banks bred a parasite which caused onchocerciasis, as "river blindness" is formally known, in 15 per cent of the population.
		Now a 22-year effort to drastically reduce the incidence of river blindness is paying off, and farmers are taking their hoes and their families to the rich fields of the basin which runs through Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Togo, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau and Guinea.
	www.fao.org /news/1996/960601-e.htm (371 words)

	River blindness - 16 December 1995 - New Scientist
		A PROGRAMME to eradicate river blindness in Africa was launched last week by the WHO and the World Bank, heartened by the success of an earlier project that rid 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa of the disease.
		River blindness, or onchocerciasis, is spread by various species of fl fly.
		African rivers will also be sprayed with insecticides to kill fl fly larvae.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg14820081.600-river-blindness.html (234 words)

	Worms' bacteria main cause of river blindness - Parasites - medical research USA Today (Society for the Advancement of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		River blindness, a devastating tropical disease that affects 18,000,000 people in Africa, the Arabian peninsula, and Latin America, is caused by parasitic worms that burrow into the skin and release millions of tiny offspring that spread throughout the body.
		Instead, it is the worms' symbiotic cargo of Wolbachia bacteria that provokes the body's severe inflammatory response, leading to blindness and serious skin disorders.
		With the close connection between worm and bacteria in mind, the researchers devised experiments to uncover Wolbachia's exact role in the development of river blindness.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1272/is_2693_131/ai_97390064 (514 words)

	Bacteria, not worms, cause river blindness: study
		River blindness, a tropical disease affecting millions of people, is not caused by worms but by bacteria living inside the worms, researchers say.
		River blindness was thought to be caused by a parasitic worm called Onchocerca volvulus, which is carried into humans by fl flies.
		To test if the bacteria play a role in river blindness, Heorauf and Volkmann injected some mice with extracts taken from worms that had been treated with antibiotics and other mice with extracts from untreated worms.
	www.cbc.ca /news/story/2002/03/08/riverblind020308.html?email (1155 words)

	CHRISTIAN BLIND MISSION INTERNATIONAL ~ River Blindness
		But thanks to successful onchocerciasis control programs in 25 of the 37 countries in West and Central Africa where river blindness is endemic, children no longer have to live with the debilitating itch caused by the oncho parasite, nor with the looming fear of almost inevitable blindness.
		All it takes to stop river blindness in its tracks is an annual dose of Mectizan®, taken for 10-15 years.
		Although the Mectizan® is donated free of charge by Merck and Co., it costs an average of 50 cents to get one sight-saving dose into the hands of each infected person.
	www.cbmicanada.org /riverblindness.htm (172 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| River blindness 'breakthrough'
		Scientists say they may have made a major breakthrough in the battle against river blindness, a disease affecting 17 million people.
		River blindness, or Onchocerciasis, causes severe itching, disfiguring lesions and lesions of the eye that can cause blindness.
		The parasite is spread by flflies which breed in rivers and deposit the larvae of the worm onto the person they bite.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/779698.stm (447 words)

	How River Blindness is Treated
		For many years, river blindness could be prevented by putting larvicides in streams to kill the fly larvae and control the fl fly populations.
		Mass distribution of the drug by the Mectizan® Donation Program began in 1988 and was the impetus for the current global initiative to control river blindness using a strategy of community-based treatment.
		Health education and the distribution of Mectizan have not only prevented millions from contracting river blindness but also have saved multitudes of communities from near extinction.
	www.cartercenter.org /health/river_blindness/treatment.html (232 words)

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