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	River Red Gum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is a tree of the genus Eucalyptus, and is found across most of Australia especially beside inland water courses.
		Red gum is so named for its brilliant red wood, which can range from a light pink through to almost fl, depending on the age and weathering.
		The formation of the famous Barmah Red Gum Forests is due to a relatively recent geological event in the Murray-Darling Basin involving the Cadell fault.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/River_Red_Gum (717 words)

	Eucalyptus camaldulensis
		Stands of river red gum are intimately associated with the surface-flooding regime of the watercourses and related ground water flow.
		The river red gum and sedge-rush community occurred in riparian habitats where current was slow and the bank was gently sloping and not subject to strong wave action.
		Regeneration of river red gum was recorded at several channel edge localities, especially where the channel bank was not far elevated from the anabranch creek level (O'Malley and Sheldon, 1990).
	www.anbg.gov.au /cpbr/WfHC/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis (3638 words)

	Australian Rivers and Riparian Fringe
		River red gums are so common along streams in dry, open country that watercourses can be traced simply by looking for a line of river red gums.
		The red gum thrives on periodic flooding, but when dams or weirs are constructed and the water backs up behind them, the trees are flooded permanently.
		Both the river red gum and the weeping bottle-brush are valuable producers of nectar and pollen.
	www.gullivermedia.com.au /river.html (291 words)

	Garrett campaigns for red gum - theage.com.au
		Mr Garrett, president of the Australian Conservation Foundation, said river red gums in Victoria and NSW were poorly represented in reserves and their protection was a matter of national and international importance.
		The river red gum forests are home to endangered birds such as the regent and superb parrots, as well as carpet pythons, brolgas, squirrel gliders, bats and owls.
		River red gum is used as railway sleepers, as firewood, and to fuel the paddle steamers along the Murray.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/03/27/1048653803194.html (462 words)

	The Bush Telegraph: November - January 1998: River red gum country - the forests along the mighty Murray
		River red gum sawmillers at Arbuthnot's mill at Koondrook on the Murray.
		The famous river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) had been a vital part of local Aboriginal life well before the arrival of Mr Manton, helping to provide the necessities of fuel, food and clothing.
		The red gum is the predominant species in the area because of its ability to survive the periodic winter/spring flooding and alternate summer/autumn drought.
	www.forest.nsw.gov.au /bush/nov97/stories/13.asp (504 words)

	Eucalypt Hybrids
		E. Camaldulensis, (River Red Gum) on the other hand is still the most widespread eucalypt species in Australia and exists all over Australia, not just in that eastern belt that characterises the box woodlands.
		Along the Murray river where it was most widespread, astronomical amounts of mature trees have disappeared, being cleared in the wake of the food and irrigation belt, and now more are many dying because of altered flood plains and salinity.
		River Red Gum on the other hand is a relatively robust tree and a relatively fast grower.
	www4.tpg.com.au /users/bangel/eucalypts (1416 words)

	Impact and Use of Firewood in Australia - Chapter 3a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		River Red Gum, box and ironbark species are the most popular firewood types in south-eastern mainland Australia; Jarrah dominates the market in Western Australia; and a range of dry forest and woodland species is preferred in Tasmania.
		In Victoria a high proportion of firewood purchases are River Red Gum and box species, while people who collect their own firewood gather Messmate, stringybark, peppermints and ironbark; hence the different species emphasis in local state forest department sales reported in Regional Forest Agreements (Table 3.3.1).
		The high use of red gum is especially evident in our study, with an estimated 1.1 million tonnes of red gum burned annually, representing more than one fifth of the total amount of firewood burned in Australia.
	www.deh.gov.au /land/publications/firewood-impacts/firewood3a.html (1049 words)

	The Victorian Naturalist 119 (3)
		The significance of the floodplain as a functional part of the river is recognised through papers on Red Gum forests, their fauna and the significance of fallen timber, and on floodplain wetlands.
		Wetlands and billabongs of the Murray River floodplain are intimately connected with the mainstream, and whilst this may imply a degree of similarity, work over the past 20 years has shown that this is not necessarily the case.
		At least ninety-four species, representing nine families, are known from the environs of the Murray River in Victoria, and this fauna consists of a blend of arid-adapted elements from the north-west with temperate elements from the east.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~fncv/vicnat/119_3.htm (1932 words)

	River Red Gum Cottages - Great Places to Stay - Echuca
		Soothing greens are also used in the main living room, which features an impressive gas log fire with a beautiful red gum mantle.
		In fact the cottage is furnished with many fine River Red Gum pieces hand crafted by host Graham, a qualified cabinet maker.
		The red gum furniture together with local photography, displayed on the walls, adds a distinctive "Echuca" personality to the interior.
	www.greatplacestostay.com.au /riverredgum (673 words)

	10.3.13
		River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) dominates the very sparse to sparse canopy (15-26m tall).
		Coolibah (Eucalyptus coolabah), river she-oak (Casuarina cunninghamiana) and weeping teatree (Melaleuca leucadendra) are frquently present in the canopy.
		River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and river she-oak (Casuarina cunninghamiana) are frequently present.
	www.epa.qld.gov.au /media/nature_conservation/biodiversity/desert_uplands/Factsheets/100313.htm (595 words)

	9.3.1
		River red gum woodland on channels, flats and levees.
		In the Desert Uplands 9.3.1 is open-woodland to woodland of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) or forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) usually with weeping teatree (Melaleuca leucadendra) with or without teatree (Melaleuca fluviatilis) and occasionally coolibah (Eucalyptus coolabah).
		Significant habitat as drought refuge, wildlife corridors and for arboreal mammals.
	www.epa.qld.gov.au /media/nature_conservation/biodiversity/desert_uplands/Factsheets/090301.htm (235 words)

	NIT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		NATIONAL, Dec 11, 2005: The charm of the meandering Murray River lined with towering river red gum trees was central to the charm of restaurateur Stefano De Pieri's ABC television series A Gondola on the Murray.
		The destruction of red gums on the NSW side of the river prompted him to lead the Red Gum Icons campaign.
		The Red Gum Icons program is a joint campaign of the Victorian National Parks Association and the National Parks Association of NSW aimed at urging the state governments to address logging and grazing in high conservation areas.
	www.nit.com.au /breakingnews/story.aspx?id=6269 (395 words)

	CSIRO - Clones Give New Lease Of Life To Historic Tree
		William Hovell marked the river red gum tree Hovell Nov R17/24 during the 1824 expedition with Hamilton Hume, as the two explorers camped by the Murray River, which they had just discovered.
		Successful grafting from an old river red gum tree like the Hovell tree is always difficult but we have managed to produce a number of healthy plants.
		A river red gum normally lives for hundreds of years if the seasonal water flow past its roots is not disturbed.
	www.csiro.au /files/mediaRelease/mr1999/ClonesGiveNewLeaselifeTo.htm (519 words)

	Victorian Environmental Assessment Council - River Red Gum Forests Investigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		On 19 April 2005, the Victorian Environmental Assessment Council received a request from the Minister for Environment, the Honourable John Thwaites, to undertake an investigation into River Red Gum Forests along the Murray River valley.
		The Terms of Reference (PDF 28 Kb) for the Investigation are accompanied by a map (PDF 1 Mb) outlining the study area, which extends from Lake Hume to the South Australian border and includes the lower reaches of the Avoca, Loddon, Campaspe, Goulburn, King and Ovens Rivers.
		Further details are provided in the Investigation Newsletter (PDF 2.04 Mb) for the River Red Gum Forests Investigation - which VEAC has sent to nearly 5,000 contacts on its register of interest simultaneous with the publishing of the Notice of Investigation.
	www.veac.vic.gov.au /riverredgumreference.htm (338 words)

	Eucalyptus camaldulensis
		Red gums were planted as an avenue on Searsville Road and in scattered locations.
		Meanwhile, river red gum continues to be a popular choice for new planting on dry sites, for example on the west side of Campus Drive East between Serra Street and Escondido Road, where it has been under serious attack by the lerp insect, a species of psyllid.
		In case of doubt, look for juvenile leaves; while not so very different in shape from the mature leaves (a little shorter and broader), the juvenile leaves are distinctly bluish and identify campus red gums at a glance.
	trees.stanford.edu /ENCYC/EUCca.htm (464 words)

	River Plate, Battle of the - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about River Plate, Battle of the
		In World War II, naval battle in the South Atlantic between a British cruiser squadron of three ships and the German ‘pocket battleship’ Admiral Graf Spee December 1939.
		Hitler, reluctant to risk the Graf Spee being sunk by heavier British warships which were sailing for the River Plate, ordered the captain to scuttle the vessel.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /River+Plate,+Battle+of+the (236 words)

	The Bush Telegraph: May - July 2002: Visionary partnership turns river red gum into showroom star
		A visionary partnership between a sawmiller and a furniture maker at Barham in the Riverina is turning the once humble river red gum timber into highly-prized works of furniture.
		"People are amazed at the beauty of river red gum, but that's something dad realised a long time ago," she said.
		The Rowe family began harvesting river red gum in 1906 in Victoria.
	www.forest.nsw.gov.au /bush/may02/stories/20.asp (589 words)

	[No title]
		River red gum forests are an integral part of the Murrumbidgee River Corridor that have been subjected to numerous and varied natural biotic and abiotic stressors.
		A combined physiological-remote sensing methodology is under development to assess manifestations or markers of stress, related factors and other indicators of health and vigour of river red gum and develops a rapid yet cost-effective remote assessment technique to assess changes in tree health with response to flow.
		It is expected this technique will provide an effective and efficient approach to the monitoring of the health of river red gum forests with respect to changes in flow regimes.
	farrer.riv.csu.edu.au /98research/riverred.html (332 words)

	The Victorian Naturalist 119 (4)
		Invertebrates of the River Red Gum Forests of the Murray River, by Andrea Ballinger and Alan L Yen
		Invertebrates of the River Red Gum Forests of the Murray River
		In view of the wide distribution of River Red Gum across Australia, this preliminary survey suggests that there is a high level of invertebrate biodiversity associated with this tree species.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~fncv/vicnat/119_4.htm (927 words)

	River Red Gum
		River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is the most widely distributed of all eucalypt species, occurring in all mainland states from 12.5 - 38
		S. It is typically found along permanent and ephemeral watercourses.
		Both hybrid and 'straight' red gum clones are presently beginning to become available in Australia.
	www.ffp.csiro.au /alrtig/redgum.htm (276 words)

	Revegetation plan
		While Waurn Ponds Creek rises in the Barrabool Hills and incorporates a large area of rural land in its headwaters, this report is confined to the section downstream of Ghazeepore Road to the eastern end of the South Barwon Recreation Reserve.
		Dead red gums that remain in the creek bed are also recorded since these retain hollows used by fauna.
		While the use of Manna Gum in this riparian zone is unfortunate, the trees are growing well and it is possible to integrate them into the planting of the same species on the other sites.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /HaighMG/Revegetation_plan.html (3714 words)

	ACF - Pressure grows to end grazing in River Murray icon wetlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		One of Australia's greatest River Red Gum wetlands will no longer be grazed by sheep after a historic decision by the South Australian government.
		Last week it was revealed that a Victorian government mistake resulted in River Red Gum trees used by the endangered superb parrot in the Barmah Millewa Forest being logged.
		The Living Murray Initiative is the biggest investment into river health in Australia's history, with irrigators and environmentalist expecting positive improvements in river and flood plain health.
	www.acfonline.org.au /news.asp?news_id=543 (399 words)

	Red gum lerp psyllid: background
		The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei (Homoptera: Psylloidea; Spondyliaspididae) has recently been discovered and it is the first lerp psyllid to make its way from Australia to California.
		It was discovered on red gum Eucalyptus in Los Angeles County in June of 1998 along a freeway in El Monte and several of the trees were heavily infested.
		Based on the number of infestations in many areas of the state this could result in the heavy use of chemical sprays in those urban areas where red gums are commonly used as ornamentals.
	www.cnr.berkeley.edu /biocon/dahlsten/rglp/RLP-background.htm (467 words)

	ACF - NSW should follow VIC lead on thirsty red gums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Environment groups have applauded the Victorian River Red Gum Rescue package but have criticised NSW for failing to join the fight to help revive dying gums.
		"Tragically for the red gums on the other side of the river, NSW will use its share of the floods for irrigation, not for improving the prospects of the dying red gums there," he said.
		A recent report shows 75% of the River Murray's red gums are highly stressed, mostly due to over-extraction of water for irrigation and drought.
	www.acfonline.org.au /news.asp?news_id=558 (455 words)

	Environment Victoria - Murray River
		DSE is currently seeking tenders for thousands of tonnes of River Red Gum logs from the River Murray, the vast majority of which will end up as firewood in Melbourne.
		The call comes as a new report shows the number of dead and dying River Red Gums along the Murray has increased from 51% in 2002 to 75% in 2004.
		The study area extended from the Murray mouth in South Australia, to the Menindee Lakes and upper reaches of the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, the Mitta Mitta River in Victoria and the Goulburn Broken River to Nagambie.
	www.envict.org.au /inform.php?menu=7&submenu=221&item=207 (1679 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Victoria's iconic River Red Gum forests along the Murray River will be the subject of a formal environmental investigation by the Victorian Environment Assessment Council (VEAC) the Minister for Environment, John Thwaites, announced today.
		"The River Red Gum Forests are not just significant to the Victorian community, they are of national significance as well," John Thwaites said.
		Mr Thwaites said VEAC had been asked to investigate the protection and sustainable use of Murray River Red Gum Forests in the area between Yarrawonga and Swan Hill, including the Barmah and Gunbower State Forests.
	www.vic.alp.org.au /media/1204/20005912.html (408 words)

	Complete List of References
		Amosu, J.O. and Taylor, D.P. Stimulation of growth of red clover by Tylenchorhynchus agri.
		Briggs, S.V. and Maher, M.T. Litter fall and leaf decomposition in river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Swamp.
		Farooqi, M.I.H. Structure of the degraded gum from Albizia procera Benth.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/refa-f.html (3093 words)

	Eucalyptus C
		Eucalyptus camaldulensis - River Red Gum, Murray Red Gum, Red Gum, River Gum, Yarrow
		The juvenile leaves are usually green and often purple underneath, produced on warty orangeish-yellow stems, and variable in shape; the mature ones longer and bluish on smooth stems.
		Often classified as one of the "Snow Gums", although it is genetically more akin to the peppermints.
	www.angelfire.com /bc/eucalyptus/C.html (900 words)

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