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Topic: River terraces

	Natural Areas - Cleveland Museum of Natural History
		When the Museum acquired the Grand River Terraces in 1982, the plan was to allow the natural process of succession to claim the open fields on the property and return them gradually to forest.
		Located in Ashtabula County, the Grand River Terraces is a 700-acre natural area with one mile of frontage along the Grand River.
		In spring, the river's floodplain is the locale for the most spectacular display of wildflowers, a riot of luxuriant color strewn across the canvas of the landscape.
	www.cmnh.org /naturalareas/terraces.html (590 words)

	VOLOGDA - LoveToKnow Article on VOLOGDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Timan Mountains are a swampy plateau, where the rivers flowing to the N. Dvina or to the Pechora take their rise in common marshes; so that on the Mylva portage boats have to be dragged a distance of only 3 m.
		The river Sukhona, which rises in the south-west and flows north-east, is navigable for 375 m.
		Those to the east of them are uninhabitable; even on the banks of the rivers the climate is so severe, especially on account of the icy northern winds, that rye and barley are mostly grown only in orchards.
	97.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VO/VOLOGDA.htm (943 words)

	Stream Networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		River terraces are benches on the valley side formed when a river cuts into a former floodplain.
		Although the controls on valley width are still uncertain, generally speaking, the larger the river, the wider it's valley tends to be; and, most valleys are not much wider than the width of the river's meander belt.
		Many streams is this area are apparently underfit, because their valleys were formed by larger rivers in the past, which were also responsible for forming larger floodplains - the remnants of which form the present-day terraces.
	courses.unt.edu /hwilliams/GEOG_3350/examreviews/floodplains.htm (534 words)

	ch_5sast
		The lower Missouri River study area for geomorphic analysis extends from Harpst Island, north of Leavenworth, Kansas, to the mouth of the Missouri at its confluence with the Mississippi River at St. Louis.
		Low river terraces were less energetically inundated to depths of 3 to 10 feet and were subjected to much fewer and less extensive areas of scour and deposition.
		Various river reaches are also affected by the width of the active, high-energy floodplain and by the position of bounding bedrock bluffs and (or) by the presence of bedrock outcrops within the floodplain and channel.
	edcwww.cr.usgs.gov /sast/www/ch_5sast.htm (2362 words)

	Platte River Ecology Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Platte River originates at the convergence of the North Platte and South Platte Rivers near the city of North Platte, Nebraska (Fig.
		In central and western Nebraska, the Platte River Valley is characterized by forest, shrub, and sandbar vegetation on the river floodplain lowland prairie and cultivated fields on the river terraces and upland prairies on the loess bluffs along the ancient river escarpment.
		The river terraces are derived from a mixture of loess and alluvial parent soil material, and frequently extend for a mile or more between the floodplain vegetation and the ancient river escarpment.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/othrdata/platteco/study.htm (1662 words)

	HA 730-E Alluvial aquifers along major streams text
		Low alluvial terraces of late Pleistocene age are along both sides of the river and average about 50 feet thick; the thickness of the Holocene alluvium in the flood plain adjacent to the river averages about 30 feet.
		Recharge to the older alluvial terraces is mainly from local precipitation and runoff from adjacent uplands; generally, the older terraces are not hydraulically continuous with the younger terraces and alluvium.
		Quaternary alluvium and alluvial terraces compose an aquifer of major importance along the North Fork Red River from Beckham County, Okla. at the border of the Texas Panhandle to its junction with the Red River and along the Red River eastward to Jefferson County, Okla.
	capp.water.usgs.gov /gwa/ch_e/E-text1.html (3570 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Susquehanna River, as it flows from its headwaters in the central Appalachian Mountains to the Chesapeake Bay, has cut flights of bedrock terraces (straths) that are preserved within, and along the sides of gorges in its lower reaches (Thompson and Sevon, 2001; Figure 1).
		Correlation between a series of upland terraces (80-140 m above the modern channel) and coastal plain and fall zone deposits was used to establish terrace ages throughout the Piedmont Province of Pennsylvania in an attempt to quantify late Cenozoic passive margin deformation (Pazzaglia and Gardner, 1993, 1994a, b).
		Terrace Level 3: Exposures of the level three terrace are restricted primarily to the middle gorge as the highest surfaces on the upstream nose of many mid-channel islands.
	www.uvm.edu /cosmolab/projects/susquehanna_terraces/prop_textonly.html (4460 words)

	Recreation and the Floodplain - Terraces
		Rivers and streams wind their way through the landscape, collecting material either from banks and bottoms during a flood or at spots where the water has a high velocity.
		River terrace landscapes are the structural representations of hydrological processes.
		As a river carves through a flat or gently rolling landscape, its effect is to deposit soil on the inside curve of its turns and oxbows.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/resourcesandtourism/components/6445a.html (598 words)

	14. River Terraces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		River Terraces River terraces are a conspicuous landscape feature in the Canyon and White River reaches.
		Terraces are a series of ridges with flat-lying steps which represent former floodplains.
		Following the period of downcuttingp a period of lateral erosion occurred as the river migrated across the valley bottom forming a new floodplain.
	www.wolverine.ca /show/kootaney2000/14ktr.html (137 words)

	(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Terrace formations along Appalachian streams have been the focus for much debate about the fundamental processes of fluvial geomorphology.
		In Hack's early view, Appalachian terrace formations were the result of stream piracy between adjacent rivers valleys which occupied different elevations; continuous, long terraces would not be a produced by such a model (and were not found by Hack along the Shenandoah Valley).
		Radiocarbon dating of the terraces indicates that maximum aggradation occurred during glacial/interglacial or stadial/interstadial transitions, not during glacial maxima as previously proposed by King.
	www.geog.umn.edu /courses/5441/tenn.htm (144 words)

	Geology by Lightplane
		Part of the meander belt of the Animas River is in the foreground.
		The Pinedale ice over-deepened the valley of the Animas River.
		River terraces continue far down the river from these moraines.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /~maher/air/air04.htm (1669 words)

	ABSTRACT: Soil development and the age of river terraces along the Yukon River, Fort Selkirk to White River, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Between Fort Selkirk and its confluence with the White River, soil development and sedimentology were examined and compared to terrace height with the aim of constructing a history of aggradation and incision.
		Terraces were grouped into discrete categories according to the degree of soil development on their upper surfacescompared to an established soil chronostratigraphic sequence.
		Terraces between 80 and 110 m also have soil development comparable to that of a Wounded Moose paleosol, yet are distinctly less developed than those soils found on the uppermost terraces.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/HuscroftSoilThe.html (277 words)

	joel's hippoarium
		River incision rates downstream of the Toroweap fault in western Grand Canyon are about half the ~140 m/m.y.
		The terraces we are studying generally parallel each other and can be traced and correlated to the flight of terraces along the mainstem Colorado River, they also have corresponding hillslope colluvial remnants in their drainages and their fills appear to thicken in middle reaches.
		Data indicate the long profiles of the tributary terrace treads diverge up-drainage and that the fills may thicken near stream junctions where the trunk stream of a tributary drainage received large sediment inputs.
	cc.usu.edu /~bolo/diffincise.html (713 words)

	IAG 2000 Thematic Conference Abstract
		River terraces in the Tibetan Plateau and its circumference?mainly resulted from tectonic uplift, recorded uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau.
		One is from the Shiyang River in East Qilianshan Mountains, another one from The Oil River from the middle Qilianshan Mountains.
		Distribution, characteristics, age and formation environment of terraces showed that tectonic uplift is an important factor controlling formation of river terrace in Qilianshan Mountains.
	www.geomorph.org /sp/arch/cn00/15.html (618 words)

	Chetco Wild and Scenic River, Oregon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Chetco Wild and Scenic River is divided into three segments: a 27.5-mile wild segment from the headwaters down to Mislatnah Creek; a 7.5-mile scenic segment from Mislatnah Creek down to Eagle Creek; and a 9.5-mile recreational segment from Eagle Creek down to the Siskiyou National Forest boundary.
		In the upper section, the river floor is fairly narrow and boulder-strewn with numerous falls and rapids.
		The Chetco River at the Slide Creek confluence is accessible from the eastside of the wilderness via the Upper Chetco Trail (#1102), southwest of Chetco Pass.
	www.nps.gov /rivers/wsr-chetco.html (1483 words)

	[No title]
		The Colorado River Region's population increased 48 percent from 313,000 in 1980 to 464,200 in 1990.
		As a result of high river flows from 1983 to 1986, releases from reservoir storage into the lower Colorado River were greatly in excess of the releases required for beneficial uses.
		Roughly 50 percent of the river's salinity results naturally from salt in saline springs, ground water discharge into the river, erosion and dissolution of sediments, and evaporation and transpiration.
	rubicon.water.ca.gov /v2/CRR.html (6628 words)

	W. Locke - Terraces below the Madison 'Slide
		Casual examination of the river valley shows incision and terraces in the first kilometer downstream from the slide dam, the river lying on the surface, braiding, and apparently depositing in the next km, and apparently unaffected by the slide (now nearly 40 years ago) further downstream.
		Although terrace formation (incision/downcutting) reflects an increase in the ratio of power to load, that change in turn can be caused by increasing discharge, decreasing load, or complex responses within the system which cause local instabilities (S. Schumm, 1973, in Fluvial Geomorphology, Fourth Binghamton Symposium, M. Morisawa, ed., 299-310).
		It seems evident from the convergence of pre-slide, present, and terrace elevations not far from the margin of the slide debris (about 1000 m downstream from the lake outlet) that the disequilibrium imposed on the river by the point addition of sediment load is being assimilated across a relatively short distance.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~ueswl/madslide.html (1278 words)

	Margie Ruddick Landscape - Projects - Living Water Park
		The many miles of waterfront along the Fu and Nan rivers, which encircle Sichuan's capital city of Chengdu, have long been tainted by the degraded quality of the rivers' water.
		Using a permeable granite and grass paving structure, these river terraces allow the river water to rise and fall within the park.
		The park is composed of a series of open spaces, constructed wetlands, and river terraces that filter water that as been pumped up from the river.
	www.margieruddick.com /projects/lwp.html (195 words)

	C:\MyFiles\MyFiles\Misc\JACKCK.html
		Although the morphologic age of the scarp is that of abandonment of the lower bounding terrace, thus terraces of several heights may be bounded by scarps of a single age, the general parallelism of the terraces defines a restricted range of scarp heights for any given terrace.
		The observed dominance of coarse sediment in the terraces and fines in the modern floodplain parallels that of Pierce and Scott (1982) in the similar valleys of Idaho.
		Terrace slope, soil, and scarp data independently characterize the terraces at Jack Creek: together they allow estimation of the ages of the terraces and evaluation of mechanisms of formation.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~ueswl/jackck.html (3307 words)

	Landforms
		When river erosion cuts through a nick point or there is additional isostatic uplift, the current flood plain is abandoned and the river incises farther into the lake floor to create a lower flood plain.
		The modern floodplains and terraces north of the Holyoke Narrows are higher in elevation than those to the south due to this nick point.
		These dunes are found primarily within the river valley on deltas, on the exposed lake bottom, and on the oldest river terraces.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/landfms.html (1142 words)

	MWH - Napa River Flood Protection Project
		The overall effort includes the creation of river terraces, flood walls and levees along seven miles of the Napa River.
		Most recently, MWH completed the remediation and flood terrace construction of a 2000-foot length of the Napa River where former bulk oil storage impacted soils and groundwater.
		During this two-year project, MWH excavated 325,000 cubic yards of soil and constructed a series of river terraces along the entire 2000-foot length as part of the Project’s overall flood protection design.
	www.mwhglobal.com /case_napa.asp (283 words)

	ABSTRACT: River of change: A model for the development of terraces along the Bow River, Alberta. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although river valleys and their associated terraces have been the subject of research by archaeologists working in southern Alberta (particularly those involved with multi-year mitigation projects associated with reservoirs), these landforms have been largely ignored by geomorphologists.
		There are, however, some notable exceptions, such as the North Saskatchewan River and its tributaries which have been studied by Rains and his students, and the Bow River valley which has been the subject of research by a number of geomorphologists and soil scientists.
		Researchers working in the Bow River valley, in particular, have identified a minimum of four terrace sets, two of which have been defined as paired terraces.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/OetelaarRiverAlthough.html (345 words)

	Berryman et al.--Waipaoa River terraces
		Abstract Remnants of four aggradational terraces in the lower 45 km of the main branch of the Waipaoa River have been correlated with cold/cool climate episodes of the Otiran glaciation.
		28 ka Mangaone Tephra, and is broadly correlated with the Rata terrace.
		Uplift is probably driven by subduction processes in the middle part of the catchment and by a combination of deep-seated subduction processes and local deformation associated with active faults and folds in the lower valley area.
	www.rsnz.org /publish/nzjgg/2000/17.php (408 words)

	Nobilo Wines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This material is present in the banks of the existing Awatere River channel, while terraces etched into the mudstone through lateral cutting of the river form the terraces along the valley.
		Some terraces have very little loess, however pockets do exist through most surfaces with greater depths encountered towards the river edge of the terraces.
		All of the terraces have varying depths of alluvium overlying mudstone and sandstone.
	www.nobilo.co.nz /vineyards/awatere.html (417 words)

	Patuxent River Park, Jug Bay Natural Area
		Jug Bay is entirely protected thanks to Patuxent River Park and the companion natural area on the Anne Arundel County side, Jug Bay Wildlife Sanctuary.
		This area is part of a larger scheme to protect the entire Patuxent watershed begun in the 1960’s through Maryland’s Patuxent River Watershed Act, encouraging the seven counties bordering the river to preserve its natural lands.
		With the retreat of the continental ice sheets, the sea rose to its present level, and the river switched from downcutting to meandering, flooding the level lands beyond its channel to leave us with the present landscape.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /baylinks/10.html (900 words)

	¹⁰BE DATING OF RIVER TERRACES REVEALS PIEDMONT LANDSCAPE DISEQUILIBRIUM IN THE CENTRAL JAMES RIVER BASIN, ...
		These high terraces have treads ~80-90 m above present river level (PRL), and may to record the position of the river prior to the onset of disequilibrium conditions, as they are at or above the highest elevations of the surrounding Piedmont interfluves.
		As the terrace ages include undetermined periods of river stability and minor aggradation, these average rates must be less than the actual rates of rock incision.
		In any case, rapid river incision rates and the recent transition to disequilibrium are not compatible with either a dynamic steady state or a dissected ancient peneplain model of landscape evolution in this portion of the Piedmont.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004NE/finalprogram/abstract_70543.htm (549 words)

	Untitled Document
		The majority of these samples are from the lowest two terrace levels, and indicate that these two surfaces have model ages corresponding to the Late Wisconsinan glacial period in Pennsylvania.
		The spatial and temporal pattern by which large rivers around the globe erode through bedrock is poorly constrained (e.g.,Tinkler and Wohl, 1998), a problem for geomorphologists who wish to understand the timing and rate of bedrock fluvial incision.
		On a passive margin, rivers can presumably be induced to incise by fluctuations in land level resulting from glacial loading and the forward propogation of a glacial forebulge.
	www.uvm.edu /cosmolab/projects/susquehanna_terraces/PR_textonly.html (3936 words)

	River Landforms
		The river is less able to erode this harder rock and leaves it as a step in the river's long profile.
		When this happens, the river is unable to carry much of its load and this alluvium (usually sands and gravels) is laid down in a fan shape.
		This happens because usually when the water overflows the river bank its speed (and therefore its ability to transport alluvium) is greatly reduced.
	www.geographyhigh.connectfree.co.uk /s3riversgeoghighlandforms.html (992 words)

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