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Topic: Rizeigat

	Rizeigat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rizeigat, or Rizigat, are a Muslim tribe of the nomadic Bedouin Baggara people in Sudan's Darfur region.
		They are divided into the Abbala (camel-herding) Rizeigat, who live in northern Darfur and Chad, and the Baggara (cattle-herders) who inhabit south-east Darfur.
		Their leader, Saeed Madibo cites the governnment's lack of development in Rizeigat areas, despite the tribe's history of support in recent southern conflicts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rizeigat (233 words)

	Ideology in arms: The emergence of Darfur's Janjaweed - Zawya.com \| Middle East Business News
		Since the Rizeigat camel men were too few to qualify for their own nazir, or paramount chief, the first plan was to put them under the authority of one of Britain's staunchest allies: Ibrahim Moussa Madibu, nazir of the cattle-herding Baggara Rizeigat.
		Had Rizeigat camel-herders won their nazirate, a vast area of pastureland north of Kutum could have been allocated to them as a tribal homeland, ending their centuries-old search for land to call their own.
		But the status of the Abbala Rizeigat in Darfur's tribal hierarchy was never resolved, fuelling a cycle of tribal conflicts and economic grievances that culminated in the emergence of the Janjaweed.
	www.zawya.com /story.cfm/sidDS20050829220048056 (3402 words)

	MiddleEast.org - Mid-East Realities
		Moreover, the existence of slavery in the area has generated beliefs among the Rizeigat that the Dinka is subhuman.
		While we were investigating the massacre, some of the survivors told us that information has reached them that their children held by the Rizeigat in Diein are currently being sold, and that there are hundreds (some say thousands) of Dinka children and women enslaved by Rizeigat families in villages and towns whose names they provided.
		And in the context of government connivance racist attitudes amoung the Rizeigat are generated against the Dinkas.
	www.middleeast.org /forum/fb-public/1/1389.shtml (2200 words)

	87 sentenced to death following tribal clashes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Those sentenced are members of the Rizeigat tribe, who were arrested following an attack on a village in southern Darfur which belongs to a rival tribe, known as the Ma'aliya.
		The clashes - a "revenge attack" after a Rizeigat tribal member was killed - left 54 people dead, Muhammad Ahmad Dirdiery, the charge d'affaires at the Sudanese embassy in Nairobi, told IRIN on Thursday.
		Although both the Rizeigat and the Ma'aliya tribes are of Arabic origin, OMCT reported that elements of the Ma'aliya had joined with Sudanese government forces during recent attacks against the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in the south of the country.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=29012 (447 words)

	Sudan-Eighty eight people including two children sentenced to death by crucifixion or hanging
		The 88 are part of a group of at least 130, mostly from the Rizeigat community in southern Darfur, who were arrested on 6 May. They were charged with crimes relating to murder, armed robbery and public disturbance.
		They are convicted of having participated in the recent clashes between the Rizeigat and the Maalyia ethnic groups in Al-Tabet, Southern Darfur, that killed at least 10 people.
		There are allegations that the Maalyia could now be supported by the Sudanese government as a proxy militia in the civil war in southern Sudan These.
	iona.ghandchi.com /AI/sudan.htm (905 words)

	[No title]
		Since the Rizeigat camel men were too few to qualify for theirown nazir, or paramount chief, the first plan was to put them under theauthority of one of Britain's staunchest allies: Ibrahim Moussa Madibu,nazir of the cattle-herding Baggara Rizeigat.
		But the status ofthe Abbala Rizeigat in Darfur's tribal hierarchy was never resolved,fuelling a cycle of tribal conflicts and economic grievances that culminatedin the emergence of the Janjaweed.In 1948, Issa Jalul died.
		None of his sons was considered worthy ofsucceeding him as sheikh of the Mahamid, and the clan leaders met to decidea successor.
	www.darfurgenocide.org /EmergenceOfJanjaweed,DeWaal.doc (2760 words)

	Darfur in Flames: Atrocities in Western Sudan: BACKGROUND
		The southern and eastern zones are largely inhabited by the cattle herding Arab tribes known as the southern Rizeigat (of the Baggara), Habbaniya and Beni Halba.
		The muraheleen were largely drawn from the Rizeigat and Miserriya Baggara tribes of south Darfur and Kordofan, and also became involved in attacks against the Fur community in Darfur in the late-80s.
		Several ethnic groups straddle the border, including the Zaghawa in the north-east, the Masaalit around and south of Adre, and numerous sub-clans of the Iraygat, Rizeigat and Misseriya Arab tribes., a major factor in the cross-border politics.
	hrw.org /reports/2004/sudan0404/3.htm (2936 words)

	Darfur
		Mohammed-el-Fadhl, his son, was for some time under the control of an energetic eunuch, Mohammed Kurra, but he ultimately made himself independent, and his reign lasted till 1839, when he died of leprosy.
		He devoted himself largely to the subjection of the semi-independent Arab tribes who lived in the country, notably the Rizeigat, thousands of whom he slew.
		Slatin defended the province against the forces of the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad, who were led by a Rizeigat sheik named Madibbo, but was obliged to surrender (December 1883), and Darfur was incorporated in the Mahdi's dominions.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/d/da/darfur.html (1446 words)

	Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan
		It is the militias drawn from the Rizeigat and Misseriya Humr Baggara of South Darfur and West Kordofan, commonly known as murahaleen, that have been most involved in the practice of abduction and enslavement.
		Murahaleen refers to a group of young men whose function is travel ahead of the family and the cattle, both to protect the migration routes and to identify pasture and grazing and threats of disease.
		In turn, Rizeigat and Misseriya tribal leaders interviewed by the Group were adamant that the murahaleen are irresponsible elements that they were unable to control and who are attracted by the incentives offered by the government.
	www.state.gov /p/af/rls/rpt/10445.htm (17896 words)

	FAMINE IN SUDAN, 1998
		Shortly after the cease-fire agreement was announced, the government proclaimed that the muraheleen of the Rizeigat (Baggara) tribe destroyed three camps belonging to the SPLA in Bahr El Ghazal.
		Rizeigat paramount chief Said Mohammed Musa Madibo claimed to federal authorities that his forces killed ninety-eight persons, found forty-two injured rebels, and retrieved a large number of cattle and sheep stolen by the rebels.
		Then in 1990, breaking with the past pattern, there was a truce along the border between the SPLA and Misseriya and Rizeigat (Baggara subgroups) which continued-- intermittently-- until 1996.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/sudan/SUDAWEB2-47.htm (601 words)

	Origins of the Darfur Crisis of 2003-04
		It was in long discussions with the ageing nazir of the Jalul Rizeigat at Aamo near Fata Borno in November 1985, that I became aware of how the changing ecology of Darfur also profoundly disturbed the moral order of society.
		Sheikh Hilal upbraided me for not speaking Arabic like an Englishman (colonial officers were trained in classical Arab), served sweet tea on a silver platter, presented me with a giraffe-tail fly whisk, and told me the world was coming to an end.
		Perhaps it is no coincidence that his son Musa is the leader of the Janjawiid militia, and that the northern Rizeigat are the backbone of this force.
	www.prairienet.org /acas/bulletin/bull72-02-deWaal.html (2625 words)

	SudanTribune article : Tribal leader’s actions underscore complexity of Sudan’s Darfur conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are some Arabs, including Rizeigat members, who are fighting with the rebels, who seek a share of political power and economic development for Darfur.
		And while the Rizeigat tribe here has refused to answer the government’s call to war, its northern Rizeigat cousins have bred brutal Janjaweed leaders.
		Unified by Islam, the Rizeigat have intermarried with fl African tribes such as the Birgit and the Zaghawa, crisscrossing their bloodlines for generations.
	www.sudantribune.com /imprimable.php3?id_article=6388 (1062 words)

	Coalition for Darfur: Darfur: The Arab Lion Bares Its Head
		The Popular Forces Army is led by two members of the Rizeigat tribe, Darfur's largest Arab tribe, who have opened a channel of communication to the third SLA faction - known both as the Group of Nineteen and SLA Unity.
		Both the Rizeigat and the Habaniya have suffered years of largely unreported abuse at the hands of Minawi's Zaghawa forces, who have been active hundreds of kilometers outside their own tribal homeland in North Darfur and who are now the government's partner in the Darfur Peace Agreement.
		As Mohammad Issa said back in April: "If the Rizeigat move, this Darfur will be destroyed." Khartoum would do well to ponder that as it continues to seek a military, rather than a political, solution to the rebellion on its western border.
	coalitionfordarfur.blogspot.com /2006/12/darfur-arab-lion-bares-its-head.html (802 words)

	Contemporary Conflicts
		The Um Jalul are a clan of the Mahamid, who are in turn a section of the Abbala (‘camel-herding’) Rizeigat of Northern Darfur and Chad.
		Until today, many Abbala Rizeigat ascribe their role in the current conflict to the fact that they weren’t allocated a hakura a quarter of a millennium ago.
		The Abbala Rizeigat had their eyes on a territory that forms a ‘U’ shape north of the mountainous centre of the region.
	conconflicts.ssrc.org /hornofafrica/ambiguous_genocide (3260 words)

	modele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		According to government sources, two tribes, the pastoral Rizeigat and the farming Ma’aliyah entered into armed conflict.
		It was reported that the Rizeigat started the hostilities.
		He added that as the rainy season began in the north at the beginning of July, the Rizeigat would be on the move southward through the sedentary Ma’aliyah territory and that measures had to be provided to assure their safe passage (AFP).
	www.vigilsd.org /articles/ba14/ab-14-5.htm (373 words)

	Sudan Heritage of War
		The Rizeigat, like their Arab neighbors to the east, the Misseriya, covet the Dinka pasturelands, which are lusher than their own (increasingly so, as the Saharan sands creep south).
		Historically, the Rizeigat were also energetic slavers, preying on their fl southern neighbors until the British finally stamped out the practice in the nineteen-thirties.
		Nyamlell has been suffering seasonal raids by the Rizeigat and the Misseriya for fifteen years, and the S.RL.A.'s defense of the area has been mostly ineffectual, but the local Dinka have refused to abandon their lands.
	www.dhushara.com /book/zulu/islamp/sudan/sudan.htm (13183 words)

	FAMINE IN SUDAN, 1998
		The equivalent among the Rizeigat Baggara tribe of southern Darfur are called "fursan," Arabic for "cavaliers or horsemen." The muraheleen tribal militias were formed in the mid-1980s.
		After that, the term muraheleen came to cover not only Misseriya but also Rizeigat and other Baggara, and to denote tribal militias who raid villages in the south operating under the authority of the army.
		In January 1988 the Rizeigat Baggara and the Malwal Dinka chiefs met, but the Rizeigat chiefs were unable to control the raiders.
	hrw.org /reports/1999/sudan/SUDAWEB2-13.htm (3334 words)

	Catholic World News : Fides lists Darfur militia groups
		Rizeigat Janjaweed, led by Musa Hilal, a man already condemned by the international community.
		Musa Hilal was put in prison 1997 for killing 17 people in Darfur but was set free in 2003 to help to organize the militia, and he joined the Rizeigat Abbala group composed of Baggara, an ethnic group of Bedouin nomads descendent from Arab tribes who settled in Darfur in the Middle Ages.
		Musa Hilal does not have complete control of these militia, indeed he was nearly killed by members of his own clan during internal disagreements.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=32296 (474 words)

	THE ARMS TRADE: NI 221 - Update
		The Arab communities, the Rizeigat and Misseiraya, are predominantly the slavers and the fl Dinka people, the largest ethnic group in the south, are usually the slaves.
		By the end of 1987 several cases of enslavement had come to light but the Khartoum authorities still insisted that there was no slavery problem.
		Armed bands, drawn mainly from the Rizeigat and Misseiraya Arabs, operate in the border zones between their lands and Dinka territory.
	www.newint.org /issue221/update.htm (1873 words)

	OPINION: Darfur Sterotying Fraught with Danger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Similarly, a Fur or Zaghawa farmer who bought cattle and moved his herd to new pastures every season would often adopt the term "Baggara", the name by which cattle-herding Arabs are known in the area.
		A genetic study of southern Darfur's Fellata nomads, a sub-group of the Baggara Arabs, would reveal a mix of Arab characteristics from north-eastern ancestors and a substantial dose of West African markers.
		Some Arab tribes, such as the Rizeigat and Beni Hussein, have resisted government blandishments and have either supported the African rebels or tried to remain neutral.
	sudan.net /news/posted/13573.html (2351 words)

	Press Releases: Sudan, Sudan bulletin No. 31 - 08 Jul 2005
		Meanwhile, the new national criminal court for Darfur, set up by the Sudanese authorities to try alleged war crimes, met in Nyala on 18 June to hear its first cases concerning 10 men accused of acts of banditry and rape.
		The men, from the Arab Rizeigat tribe, are all members of the Popular Defence Forces.
		Following violent incidents around the town of Tawillain Northern Darfuron 14 June, an ICRC surgical team was deployed in the area at the request of the parties to the conflict to treat the wounded.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EVIU-6E4H7L?OpenDocument (1094 words)

	Demographics... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A Sudanese who risked their life to get this information out reports that "Capturing and trafficking of children is still flourishing and particularly active in Southern Kordofan and Darfur.
		This is the land of the Rizeigat, Massiria, and Baggara Arab tribal groups.
		They have answered with enthusiasm and religious fervor to the call to Jihad, the holy war, which gives them full freedom in dealing with the unbeliever - but mostly, if not only, attracted by their want of possessing a weapon, of robbing and plundering, and of satisfying their basest instincts.
	www.members.aol.com /casmasalc/demographics.html (1540 words)

	modele
		-In Darfur, near the Chadian border over 50 people were reported killed in fighting between the pastoral Rizeigat, and the fl agricultural Al-Muaalia (reported in VS May/June).
		The Court sentenced 87 individuals to death on July 17 all Rizeigat (Reuters).
		Black African farmers have repeated time and again that the government morally and materially supports the Arabs in such conflicts, a claim fiercely denied by the authorities.
	www.vigilsd.org /articles/ba15/ab-15-5.htm (652 words)

	ABOLISH-LIST DEATH PENALTY NEWS, 25 April, 2002 - Present: NEW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Those sentenced are members of the Rizeigat tribe, who were arrested
		The clashes - a "revenge attack" after a Rizeigat tribal member was
		Although both the Rizeigat and the Ma'aliya tribes are of Arabic origin,
	venus.soci.niu.edu /~archives/ABOLISH/aug02/2021.html (415 words)

	Press Releases: Sudan, Sudan: Can the Darfur-Darfur dialogue and consultation help bring peace to Darfur?
		The negotiations held far from Darfur in Abuja, Nigeria brought together only the government of Sudan and armed movement leaders who represent less than 20 percent of the population of Darfur.
		Key stakeholders, including the Baggara Rizeigat Arabs, civil society leaders and women were largely excluded.
		The movement leaders and their negotiating teams made decisions that would affect the future of Darfur, but failed to communicate effectively with the populations they claimed to represent.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KHII-6SY56T?OpenDocument (1812 words)

	Darfur Information Center
		People, Reportedly From The Rizeigat Ethnic Group, 07/17/2003
		Sudan: Alarming increase in executions in Darfur Region, 06/28/2003
		88 People Condemned to Death, Reportedly from the Rizeigat Ethnic Group (07/18/2002)
	www.darfurinfo.org /oldnews.html (358 words)

	2003 Report by the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Theo ...
		This request was allegedly refused and on 2 July the defence lawyers reportedly withdrew from the court in protest at this decision.
		They were part of a group of at least 130, mostly from the Rizeigat community in southern Darfur, who had been arrested on 6 May. They were allegedly convicted of having participated in the recent clashes between the Rizeigat and the Maalyia ethnic groups in Al-Tabet, Southern Darfur.
		He was reportedly arrested because of his connection with 26 men detained after clashes between the Rizeigat and Ma'aliya tribes.
	www.derechos.org /nizkor/torture/vanboven03/sdn.html (2718 words)

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