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Topic: Robber Synod

	Pope Hilarius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Other decisions expressed in an encyclical were in the interests of increased discipline: A synod was to be convened yearly by the Bishop of Arles, but all important matters were to be submitted to the Apostolic See.
		The synod took place and, on the strength of the report given him by Bishop Antonius, he issued an edict dated 25 February, 464, in which Bishop Veranus was commissioned to warn Mamertus that, if in the future he did not refrain from irregular ordinations, his faculties would be withdrawn.
		The Roman synod of 19 November 465, held in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, which settled the matters, is the oldest Roman synod whose original records have survived.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Hilarius (783 words)

	General Councils
		Such was the case with the Robber Synod of 449 (Latrocinium Ephesinum), the Synod of Pisa in 1409, and in part with the Councils of Constance and Basle.
		The synod dealt with the crimes and errors imputed to the Knights Templars, the Fraticelli, the Beghards, and the Beguines, with projects of a new crusade, the reformation of the clergy, and the teaching of Oriental languages in the universities.
		As a matter of fact, none of the eight Eastern Ecumenical synods, with the exception, perhaps, of the fifth, was summoned by the emperor in opposition to the pope.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/councils,general.html (12437 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Saint Hilarus
		Together with Julius, Bishop of Puteoli, Hilarus acted as legate of Leo I at the "Robber Synod" of Ephesus in 449.
		A synod was to be convened yearly by the Bishop of Arles, for those of the provincial bishops who were able to attend; but all important matters were to be submitted to the Apostolic See.
		After his flight from the "Robber Synod" of Ephesus, Hilarus had hidden himself in the crypt of St. John the Apostle, and he attributed his deliverance to the intercession of the Apostle.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07348b.htm (1226 words)

	LEO (POPES) - LoveToKnow Article on LEO (POPES) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the synod of Chalcedon assembled in 451, the papal legates were treated with great respect, and Leo's former letter to Flavian was adopted by acclamation as formulating the creed of the universal church on the subject of the person of Christ.
		It is usually said that, at the synod which deposed Benedict, Leo conceded to the emperor and his successors as sovereign of Italy full rights of investiture, but the genuineness of the document on which this allegation rests is more than doubtful.
		One of his first public acts was to hold the well-known Easter synod of 1049, at which celibacy of the clergy (down to the rank of subdeacon) was anew enioined, and where he at least succeeded in making clear his own convictions against every kind of simony.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEO_POPES_.htm (9688 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Whitby, Synod of Whitby, Synod of, called by King Oswy of Northumbria in 663 at Whitby, England.
		Its purpose was to choose between the usages of the Celtic and Roman churches, primarily in the matter of reckoning the date of Easter (see calendar; Celtic Church).
		Among those involved in the synod were Cædmon, the poet, and St. Hilda, t...
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Synod+of+Dort (373 words)

	Eutyches. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		This, the famous Robber Synod (Latrocinium), was disgraceful from the beginning.
		The soldiery, called in by Dioscurus, compelled an affirmative vote; Flavian was severely beaten by members of the so-called synod and died shortly thereafter.
		After the death of Theodosius (450) his orthodox successors convened the Council of Chalcedon (see Chalcedon, Council of) to right the wrongs of the Robber Synod, and Eutychianism was ended.
	www.bartleby.com /65/eu/Eutyches.html (294 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. XIV
		Thus, as late as the year God, only the creed, but not the canons of the Synod of Constantinople were accepted at Rome; but on account of its creed, Gregory the Great reckons it as one of the four Ecumenical Councils, which he compares to the four Gospels.
		Since then this Synod has been universally honoured as ecumenical by the Greeks, and was mentioned by the Emperor Justinian with the Councils of Nicaea, Ephesus, and Chalcedon, as of equal rank.
		Bishop Eusebius of Doylaeum was equally mistaken in maintaining at Chalcedon itself, that the third canon had been sanctioned by the Pope; and we shall have occasion further on, in the history of the Council of Chalcedon, to show the untenable character of both statements.
	www.godrules.net /library/fathers/pnf14s62.htm (707 words)

	BOOK 11.
		He added further, that the Emperor had commanded that the Synod should judge respecting Flavian, but Dioscurus and his friends had held many private meetings, and communicated their decisions to no one; but, on the contrary, a blank paper had been brought, and they had been surrounded by rough, tumultuous mobs, and required to subscribe.
		The Synod resolved to embody all these complaints in the minutes, and then caused Dioscurus to be invited a third time by Bishops Francion of Philippopolis in Thrace, Lucian of Byzia in Thrace, and John of Germanicia in Syria.
		These other bishops and members of the (Robber) Synod had received forgiveness from the apostolic see for that which they did there against their will, and they had also shown themselves obedient to the holy Archbishop Leo and to the most holy OEcumenical Synod.
	www.godrules.net /library/hefele/84hefele_c5.htm (8774 words)

	Council of Chalcedon
		The sacred synod has decreed that those who, subsequent to this decree of this great and universal synod, dare to do anything that is now forbidden are to lose their personal rank.
		So the sacred synod decrees that in accordance with the canons of the fathers, the bishops in each province are to foregather twice a year at a place approved by the bishop of the metropolis and put any matters arising to rights.
		The sacred synod decrees that those who carry off girls under pretext of cohabitation, or who are accomplices or co-operate with those who carry them off, are to lose their personal rank if they are clerics, and are to be anathematised if they are monks or layfolk.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/chalcedo.htm (7139 words)

	General Councils
		The Synod of Constantinople (381) in which the Nicene Creed received its present form—the one used at Mass—had in itself no claim to be Ecumenical.
		As regards the fifth, the conduct of the emperor caused the legality of the council to be questioned—a proof that the mind of the Church required the pope's consent for the lawfulness of councils.
		The Fifth General Synod was planned by Justinian I with the consent of Pope Vigilius (q.v.), but on account of the emperor's dogmatic pretensions, quarrels arose and the pope refused to be present, although repeatedly invited.
	saint-mike.org /library/Papal_Library/Definitions/General_Councils.html (12278 words)

	Pulcheria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 451 she helped organize the Council of Chalcedon to condemn Nestorianism.
		The Council also condemned the Robber Synod of 449, which had supported the Monophysite heresy and the Monophysite abbot Eutyches, who was deposed and exiled at Chalcedon.
		At Chalcedon Pulcheria declared Flavian of Constantinople a martyr, after his deposition at the Robber Synod and his death at the hands of the supporters of Eutyches, whom he had opposed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulcheria (452 words)

	Council of Ephesus
		Whoever have been condemned of improper practices by the holy synod or by their own bishops, and have been uncanonically restored to communion and rank by Nestorius or his sympathisers, with their habitual lack of discrimination, such persons we have decreed gain nothing by this and are to remain deposed as before.
		It is therefore the pleasure of the holy and ecumenical synod to secure intact and inviolate the rights belonging to each province from the first, according to the custom which has been in force from of old.
		The Council of Chalcedon "has accepted the synodical letters of the blessed Cyril, pastor of the church in Alexandria, to Nestorius and to the Orientals, as being well-suited to refuting Nestorius's mad folly and to providing an interpretation for those who in their religious zeal might desire understanding of the saving creed.".
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/txs/ephesus.htm (7855 words)

	Northvegr - History of the Langobards
		This Pelagius sent to Helias (Elias), bishop of Aquileia, who was unwilling to respect the Three Chapters [2] of the Synod of Chalcedon, a very salutary letter which the blessed Gregory composed while he was still a deacon.
		Flavian was buffeted and kicked and trampled until he expired from his wounds, and the Council of Ephesus has passed into history as "The Robber Synod.'' Pope Leo the Great was not in accord with the doctrine of Eutyches.
		His famous Tome or epistle on the mystery of the Incarnation had been disregarded at the last Council of Ephesus, but upon the death of the emperor Theodosius, the decrees of that council were overthrown, the Tome of Leo was subscribed by the Oriental bishops, and a new council was summoned at Chalcedon, near Constantinople.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/langobard/017.php (1404 words)

	[No title]
		The first condition is that such concentration conform to the constitution of the Church: it must be started by the head of the forces that are to move and to act, eg.
		This circumstance, so remarkably prominent in the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon, affords the best proof that, in the sense of the Church, the essential constituent element of ecumenicity is less the proportion of bishops present to bishops absent than the organic connexion of the council with the head of the Church.
		Factors in the pope's co-operation with the council We have seen that no council is Ecumenical unless the pope has made it his own by co-operation, which admits of a minimum and a maximum consequently of various degrees of perfection.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHRIST/CECOUNCI.TXT (12439 words)

	the Easter Epistle
		But not every calling of a Council brings joy, and not every Great Synod, however well represented all the autocephalic churches are at its session, has been honoured by the recognition of the Church as expressing her authentic voice, true to the Traditions of the Apostles and the Holy Fathers.
		The Grace of the Holy Spirit illuminates a Synod and makes its voice the voice of the Orthodox Catholic Church only when it is assembled to condemn, in accordance with Holy Tradition, innovative arbitrary doctrines, subservience to the mighty of this world, and the introduction into the Church of a widespread error.
		For this reason, their voice in a Great Synod would not express the free opinion of the Church, but in many cases would express the thoughts of Her enemies, who are dominating them.
	www.stmaryofegypt.org /library/philaret/EasterEpistle.htm (1229 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of February 18
		The condemnation was repeated by Eusebius of Dorylaeum at a synod called by Flavian in 448, and Eutyches was deposed and excommunicated.
		Chrysaphius persuaded Theodosius to convene a council at Ephesus (the 'Robber Synod') in 449.
		Council of Chalcedon in 451 reinstated Eusebius, deposed and exiled Dioscoros, and proclaimed Flavian a saint and a martyr.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0218.htm (2672 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 10
		The synod, dubbed "the Robber Synod," was packed with Eutyches's friends and acquitted him while condemning Saint Flavian.
		Saint Flavian was physically assaulted during the synod and died from the violence done to his person during his deposition.
		This Tome was the letter sent to the earlier synodal council through Patriarch Flavian of Constantinople, suppressed by Dioscorus, which stated that in Jesus Christ "was born true God in the entire and perfect nature of true man..
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1110.htm (2221 words)

	Iceland
		His election and retention of his office till the Second Synod of Ephesus shows that he must have been an influential person; for the views of the school of Antioch, with which he aided, were then dealfning.
		22 of the same year Ibas was deposed by the "Robber Synod" of Ephesus.
		The Emperor Justinian and the Fifth Synod of Constantinople (553) condemned it as one of the three chapters (see THREE CHAPTER CONTROVERSY), but did not object to the orthodoxy of Ibas.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc05/htm/ibas.htm (1005 words)

	Jesus Is Fully God & Fully Man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This was repeated at a Synod held at Alexandria in 378 and in Antioch in 379 and then again in the Council of Constantinople in 381.
		He had favor and influence at the court of Theodosius II, and was a rallying point for all the Alexandrians who disliked the accord of 433.
		Physical force was used to coerce the signatures of bishops which gave this counsel the name Robber Synod.
	www.layevangelism.com /advtxbk/sections/sect-3/sec3-3b.htm (1625 words)

	ST. LEO I, THE GREAT
		In a famous letter to Flavian, the Pope so clearly and forcefully exposed and condemned the Monophysite error that this letter has been venerated as a creed.
		The Monophysites, however, gained the ear of the Eastern Emperor, Theodosius II, and succeeded in holding a packed synod at Ephesus.
		To this day it is known as the robber synod.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp45.htm (506 words)

	Saint Flavian -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		He presided at the Synod of Constantinople (448), which condemned the monk Eutyches (q.v.
		He presided at the Synod of Constantinople (448), which condemned the monk Eutyches (q.v.), proponent of an extreme form of Monophysitism.
		Byzantine theologian, biblical exegete, and patriarch, a champion of Christian Orthodoxy who strove for an ecumenical (Greek: “universal”) statement of doctrine on the person and work of Christ to reconcile the opposing Alexandrian (Egyptian) and Antiochene (Syrian) theological traditions.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9034518 (628 words)

	robber synod - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "robber synod" is defined.
		Robber Synod : Columbia Encyclopedia, Six Edition [home, info]
		ROBBER SYNOD : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	onelook.com /?w=robber+synod (82 words)

	AllRefer.com - Robber Synod (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Branches, Schisms, And Heresies) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Robber Synod (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Branches, Schisms, And Heresies) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Branches, Schisms, And Heresies > Robber Synod
		Robber Synod, Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Branches, Schisms, And Heresies
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-RobberSy.html (146 words)

	BALAMAND AGREEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The "Robber Synod" of the Phanar made bold to prohibit two Archbishops of the Patriarchate of Jerusalem -- Timothy of Lidda and Hesychios of Capitola -- and to "cut off from the Body of the Church" layman Nicholas Sotiropulos.
		The protests of those clerics and lay people and also of very few bishops who belong to the official Churches which have taken the path of ecumenism, but who are trying to defend Orthodox positions, do not, as a rule, receive any reply, and the general apostatic orientation of bishops remains practically unchanged.
		Refutation of the Anticanonical "Verdict" Of the Robber "Synod" of the Fanar", Athens, 1993, with was dedicated to this "Council" of 30-31 July 1993.
	ecumenizm.tripod.com /ECUMENIZM/id24.html (3725 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is beyond any doubt that the Synod alone (by virtue of the 34th Apostolic...
		Statutory Charter is voted on by the Synod of the Hierarchy, it constitutes the...
		THE Church of England's General Synod is updating its version of the Ten Commandments.
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Robber%20AND%20Synod&refid=ency_botnm (653 words)

	Today in History - October 8
		The council also condemned the monophysite Robber Synod of Ephesus (449).
		He graduated from Concordia Seminary (Saint Louis) in 1928 and served as a pastor in Saskatchewan, Canada, and at Prairie, Gaylord and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
		He was also a member of the Missouri Synod Board of Directors, a circuit counselor, member of the district board of directors and secretary and president of the Minnesota South District.
	chi.lcms.org /history/tih1008.htm (517 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ibas
		His policy, however, was just the reverse, as he inclined strongly to the doctrines of Theodore of Mopsuestia.
		The infuriated partisans of Dioscorus protested and had him deposed at the Second Synod of Ephesus (the "Robber Synod"), in 449.
		He was, however, restored to his see by the Council of Chalcedon (451).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07614a.htm (622 words)

	THE CATHOLIC CHURCH COUNCILS, THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY
		The Canons Of The Synods Of Sardica, Carthage, Constantinople, And Carthage Under St. Cyprian: 343 A.D. Second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople : 381 A.D. Second Ecumenical Council - First Council of Constantinople - 381
		Synod of Hippo - 393 - New Testament Proclaimed
		The primacy of the See of Rome was due to it's possession of the Chair of Peter, not to any political power.
	www.greatdreams.com /catholic.htm (2195 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Saint Hilary
		Sent to "Robber Synod" at Ephesus to report on the Monophysitism heresies of Eutyches, which denied the humanity of Christ and claimed he had only a divine nature, and teaching condemned in 451 by the Council of Chalcedon.
		He continued Leo I's vigorous policy, strengthening ecclesiastical government in Gaul and Spain.
		Erected churches, convents, libraries, and two public baths, and his synod of 465 is the earliest Roman synod whose records are extant.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/sainth23.htm (170 words)

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