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	Guardian Unlimited \| Life \| Robert Bacher
		Robert Bacher, who has died aged 99, was a leading member of the team of scientists on the Manhattan Project who developed the first atomic bomb, exploded at the Trinity test site in the New Mexico desert on July 15 1945.
		Bacher was head of the experimental physics division at the laboratory and, after the bomb-production phase began, was made head of the bomb physics division.
		Bacher was president of the American Physical Society in 1964, president of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics from 1969 to 1972, and winner of the president's medal for merit in 1946.
	www.guardian.co.uk /life/science/story/0,12996,1357179,00.html (780 words)

	Robert Bacher; Manhattan Project physicist; 99 \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Robert F. Christy, a colleague on the Manhattan Project and later at Caltech, said Dr. Bacher had urged Robert Oppenheimer, the director, to reject placing the project under military control as a way to ensure greater secrecy and security.
		Robert Fox Bacher was born in Loudonville, Ohio.
		Bacher is survived by a daughter, Martha Bacher Eaton of Santa Barbara, and a son, Andrew Dow Bacher, a nuclear physicist at the University of Indiana.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20041127/news_1m27bacher.html (431 words)

	LANL \| History \| People \| Some Staff Biographies
		Robert Bacher's accomplishments are often obscured by those of famous contemporaries such as Robert Oppenheimer, Hans Bethe, and Enrico Fermi.
		Bacher was still at MIT in 1943 when J. Robert Oppenheimer summoned him to Los Alamos to lead the Experimental Physics Division.
		Bacher remained at CIT as a faculty member until his retirement in 1976.
	www.lanl.gov /history/people/R_Bacher.shtml (616 words)

	Robert F. Bacher
		Robert F. Bacher, Caltech’s first provost, who had headed the experimental physics division of the Los Alamos Laboratory, died November 18 at the age of 99.
		From the beginning, Bacher was firmly opposed to making Los Alamos a military lab and persuaded Oppenheimer, who had agreed to take a commission as lieutenant colonel and had already ordered his uniforms, to keep it under civilian control, at least until they had enough fissionable material for a bomb.
		Bacher retired as provost and vice president (incoming president Harold Brown had added the second title in 1969) on his 65th birthday, in 1970, but remained on the faculty exploring new interests in sources of energy.
	pr.caltech.edu /periodicals/EandS/articles/LXVII4/bacher.html (1434 words)

	Robert Bacher - Slider
		Robert Fox Bacher (August 31, 1905 – November 18, 2004) was a nuclear physicist and one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project.
		Bacher was born in Loudonville, Ohio, and obtained his undergraduate degree and doctorate from the University of Michigan.
		He became a professor of physics at the California Institute of Technology in 1949, also chairing the division of physics, mathematics and astronomy from 1949 to 1962, when he was appointed as vice president and provost.
	enc.slider.com /Enc/R.F._Bacher (184 words)

	lamonitor.com: The Online News Source for Los Alamos
		Bacher died Thursday at his home in Montecito near Santa Barbara, according to a statement released by the California Institute of Technology where he once served as the chairman of the school's division of physics, mathematics and astronomy.
		Bacher helped initiate the creation of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, which is one of the leading radio astronomy facilities in the world.
		Bacher is survived by a son, Andrew Bach of Bloomington, Ind.; a daughter, Martha Bacher Eaton of Santa Barbara; and two grandchildren.
	www.lamonitor.com /articles/2004/11/23/headline_news/news06.txt (340 words)

	Caltech Press Release, 11/19/2004, Dr. Robert Bacher
		Bacher was affiliated with MIT's Radiation Laboratory when the Manhattan Project began, and took a leave of absence to head the experimental physics division and, once the bomb-production phase began, the bomb physics division.
		Bacher remained at Caltech for the remainder of his career, serving as chairman of the physics, math, and astronomy division from 1949 to 1962, as provost from 1962 to 1969, and as vice president and provost from 1969 to 1970.
		His colleague Robert Christy, also a former provost and emeritus professor of physics at Caltech who worked on the Manhattan Project, said that, next to Robert Andrews Millikan, Bacher was the person most important to the early growth of Caltech's reputation in physics and astronomy.
	pr.caltech.edu /media/Press_Releases/PR12617.html (528 words)

	Bacher Robert F Robert Fox 1905 The Papers of Robert F. Bacher, 1926-1994. AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bacher Robert F Robert Fox 1905 The Papers of Robert F. Bacher, 1926-1994.
		At the urging of Robert Oppenheimer, he moved to Los Alamos to work on the Manhattan project, and became Head of the Experimental Physics Division, 1943-1944, and head of the bomb physics division, 1944-1945.
		In 1962 Bacher became the first Provost of the University; in 1969 he was appointed Vice-President.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/3811.html (181 words)

	On Choosing Exclusion or Inclusion
		In Chasing Down A Rumor: The Death of Mainline Denominations, Robert Bacher and Kenneth Inskeep write that the strengths of the mainline denominations are that they continue to try to embody community-building, communication, connection, service and dialogue.
		And Bacher and Inskeep remind us that if we recover the traditions of our respective communities and draw upon them as strengths rather than outmoded historical artifacts we may experience renewal because our traditions stand in contrast to the culture of individualism and materialism that is so pervasive in the U.S. today.
		Bacher and Inskeep say, "Also, mainline denominations would serve as a reminder that true security is not found in force or mad pursuits to control others.
	homepage.mac.com /larryhol/iblog/C1482802393/E20050820221015/index.html (754 words)

	Robert Bacher, 99; was physicist with Manhattan Project - The Boston Globe
		Robert Bacher, 99; was physicist with Manhattan Project - The Boston Globe
		PASADENA, Calif. -- Robert Bacher, a physicist who worked at Los Alamos Laboratory during the Manhattan Project and later became one of the first members of the US Atomic Energy Commission, died Thursday at his home in Montecito, near Santa Barbara.
		Bacher helped initiate the creation of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, one of the leading radio astronomy facilities in the world.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2004/11/21/robert_bacher_99_was_physicist_with_manhattan_project?mode=PF (319 words)

	Impacts of the Early Cold War on the Formulation of U.S. Science Policy
		Robert F. Bacher (1905-): Golden recorded four conversations with Bacher during the course of his consultancy.
		He was born in Loudenville, Ohio, and received his BS and PhD degrees in physics from the University of Michigan, the latter in 1930.
		Bacher took a leave of absence during World War II: from 1941-43 he was a staff member at the Radiation Laboratory at MIT, and from 1943-45 head of the Experimental Physics Division at Los Alamos.
	www.aaas.org /spp/cstc/pne/pubs/golden/6-01.htm (4224 words)

	Los Alamos National Laboratory: History: Oppenheimer's Plan
		In its place came the Research (R) Division under Robert Wilson, the Gadget Division (G) under Robert Bacher, and (F) Division under Enrico Fermi.
		Norris Bradbury succeeded J. Robert Oppenheimer as director in October 1945.
		When Robert Bacher left the Laboratory, G Division was renamed M Division and placed under Darol Froman.
	www.lanl.gov /history/road/oppenheimersplan.shtml (684 words)

	Impacts of the Early Cold War on the Formulation of U.S. Science Policy
		Bob Bacher did not speak one way or another on this though it will be recalled that he has repeatedly been very much in favor as has Lee DuBridge, the President of Cal Tech.
		Lauritsen’s views were generally similar to Oppenheimer’s though I got the idea that his ideas on organizational matters are not well developed, that is that distinction in scientific fields does not carry over into the managerial one.
		It was felt definitely that the productivity varied considerably and that a study on a comparative basis of some kind would be fruitful but we did not press through to any tangible conclusion of what to do or how other than that this was an RDB responsibility.
	www.aaas.org /spp/cstc/pne/pubs/golden/3-14.htm (1101 words)

	Board for ELCA publisher hears from authors of 'Chasing Down a Rumor' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The authors of "Chasing Down a Rumor: The Death of Mainline Denominations" commented on their book in an April 22 presentation to the board of trustees of Augsburg Fortress, the publishing ministry of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).
		The Rev. Robert N. Bacher, retired ELCA executive for administration, Chapel Hill, N.C., and Dr. Kenneth W. Inskeep, director, ELCA Research and Evaluation, Chicago, wrote the book in 2005.
		In the book the authors noted that congregations are increasingly convinced that their own interests are not "shared interests." They see their interests as "local and unique," Inskeep said.
	www.elca.org /ScriptLib/CO/ELCA_News/encBlogPrnt.asp?Blog=86 (285 words)

	Cornell News: Boyce McDaniel Obituary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The young McDaniel would play a critical role on physicist Robert Wilson's cyclotron research team, which helped identify the amount of the isotope uranium-235 (U-235) needed to create the atomic fission to detonate the world's first nuclear weapon.
		The young McDaniel was surrounded his friends, mentors and colleagues, physicists Bacher, Isadore Isaac Rabi and Enrico Fermi.
		With Cornell physicist Robert Walker he invented the pair spectrometer, an important tool used to measure gamma ray energies.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/May02/Obit.McDaniel.bpf.html (1031 words)

	Caltech Archives Finding Aids Online - The Papers of Robert F. Bacher
		Bacher, Robert F. The Papers of Robert F. Bacher.
		The working papers, correspondence, publications, photos and biographical materials of Robert F. Bacher (1905-2004) form the collection known as the Papers of Robert F. Bacher in the Archives of the California Institute of Technology.
		Bacher was a nuclear physicist who during World War II worked on radar at the MIT Radiation Laboratory and then from 1943 at Los Alamos on the atomic bomb.
	resolver.caltech.edu /CaltechFA:FA_Bacher_R (212 words)

	History of Caltech
		Robert A. Millikan who began, in 1917, to spend several months a year at Throop as director of physical research.
		Bacher, the leader of the Los Alamos atomic bomb project's "G" Division (the "G" stood for gadgets), arrived in 1949 to head up the division of physics, mathematics, and astronomy and later became the Institute's first provost.
		As Caltech's new physics head, Bacher rebuilt the physics department, and he did so with a vengeance, starting with high-energy particle physics.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/articles/goodstein (1380 words)

	PMag v19n2p10 -- Robert Helvey's Expert Political Defiance
		With the US policy toward Yugoslavia then being written on the basis of Sharp's nonviolent strategies, it was logical that one of his leading colleagues, Robert Helvey, would be assigned the role of building the skills of the nonviolent opposition.
		His efforts to mobilize support for the Iraqi nonviolent opposition do not appear in the news and are ignored by most of the mainstream peace movement.
		John Bacher is a Toronto-based writer and activis.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v19n2p10.htm (2555 words)

	NSDL Metadata Record -- 109 East Palace: Robert Oppenheimer and the Secret City of Los Alamos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This book tells the fascinating story of the people who lived and worked at Los Alamos, New Mexico, where the first atomic bombs were built during the Manhattan Project.
		Particular focus is placed on two people: the scientific administrator of the project, J. Robert Oppenheimer, with descriptions of his personal traits and professional and private activities during the Manhattan Project, and Dorothy McKibbin, known as the ?gatekeeper?
		The author is the granddaughter of chemist and Harvard president, James Conant, who was actively involved in the management of the Manhattan Project.
	nsdl.org /mr/1469515 (246 words)

	NucNews - November 22, 2004
		Robert F. Bacher, a nuclear physicist and one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project, died on Thursday at a retirement home in Montecito, Calif. He was 99.
		Robert F. Christy, a colleague on the Manhattan Project and later at Caltech, said Dr. Bacher had urged J. Robert Oppenheimer, the director, to reject placing the project under military control as a way to ensure greater secrecy and security.
		Bacher is survived by a daughter, Martha Bacher Eaton of Santa Barbara, Calif., and a son, Andrew Dow Bacher, a nuclear physicist at the University of Indiana.
	nucnews.net /nucnews/2004nn/0411nn/041122nn.htm (19102 words)

	Caltech Archives Oral Histories Online - Interview with Robert F. Bacher
		Bacher, Robert F. Interview with Robert F. Bacher.
		An interview in ten sessions, 1981 and 1983, with Robert F. Bacher, chairman of the Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy (1949-1962), Caltech’s first provost (1962-1969), and professor of physics, emeritus.
		He recalls his education at the University of Michigan and graduate work in physics at Harvard (1926-27) and Michigan, where he got to know J. Oppenheimer and the European physicists who joined the faculty and/or came for the summer sessions in physics: Goudsmit, Uhlenbeck, Fermi, Bohr, Ehrenfest, Dirac and others.
	resolver.caltech.edu /CaltechOH:OH_Bacher_R (424 words)

	Bomb Assembly \| The Trinity Test \| History of the Atomic Age \| atomicarchive.com
		According to Robert Bacher, a member of the assembly team, they tried to use only tools and materials from a special kit.
		According to Raemer Schreiber, Robert Bacher was the advisor and Marshall Holloway and Philip Morrison had overall responsibility.
		Louis Slotin, Boyce McDaniel and Cyril Smith were responsible for the mechanical assembly in the ranch house.
	www.atomicarchive.com /History/trinity/assembly.shtml (458 words)

	Alsos: Browse Results
		The Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller
		McMillan, Priscilla J. The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Birth of the Modern Arms Race
		Seidel, Robert W. Los Alamos and the Development of the Atomic Bomb
	alsos.wlu.edu /qsearch.aspx?browse=people/Bacher,+Robert (110 words)

	Robert Bacher - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Robert Bacher - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		In 1943, he joined the Manhattan Project team at Los Alamos, as head of the experimental physics division.
		He then served as head of the bomb physics division in 1944-45.
	education.music.us /R/Robert-Bacher.htm (367 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Of Note
		Robert Bacher, 99, a physicist who worked at Los Alamos Laboratory during the Manhattan Project and later became one of the first members of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, died Nov. 18 at his home in Montecito, Calif. No cause of death was reported.
		Bacher was affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Radiation Laboratory and the top-secret Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb at Los Alamos from 1940 to 1945.
		Once the bombmaking production phase began, he headed up the physics division.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A3047-2004Nov21?language=printer (378 words)

	Welcome to Pace Law School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Professor Bacher graduated first in her class from Pace Law School.
		While in law school, she published two scholarly articles in professional law journals on the topic of using land use law to preserve barrier islands.
		Professor Bacher is currently a staff attorney at the Land Use Law Center in charge of innovation and research.
	www.law.pace.edu /facbios/adjuncts.html (3286 words)

	About Fermilab - History and Archives Project
		Robert H. Bauer, manager of the Chicago Operations Office, represented ERDA, and Robert K. Buchanan, Jr., URA secretary, certified the contract.
		The staff also includes Bradley F. Bennett, vice president of URA; Robert K. Buchanan, Jr., secretary of URA; Robert A. Williams, treasurer/controller of URA; and Robert R. Wilson, Director of Fermilab.
		Other URA corporate officers are Norman F. Ramsey, President; Robert K. Buchanan, Secretary; Robert A. Williams, Treasurer/controller.
	history.fnal.gov /early_ura.html (1123 words)

	California Institute of Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He then convinced two of the leading American scientists of the time, physical chemist Arthur Amos Noyes and experimental physicist Robert Andrews Millikan, to join Caltech's faculty and contribute to the project of establishing it as a center for science and technology.
		Robert C. Merton, MS 1967 - Nobel laureate in Economics (1997)
		Robert Bacher - nuclear physicist and member of the Manhattan Project
	california-institute-of-technology.iqnaut.net (2042 words)

	The RAND History Project, Part 1, A-K
		Bacher and Dubridge review their pre-WWII work at Rochester and Cornell respectively, and their association with the MIT Radiation Laboratory during World War II.
		Bacher next discusses leaving MIT in 1942 to work at Los Alamos, and the controversy over whether Los Alamos should be run as a military or civilian lab.
		Bacher then describes his post-war work at the AEC and CALTECH; Dubridge his at CALTECH and on RAND's Board of Trustees.
	www.nasm.si.edu /research/dsh/rhpi-p1.html (8469 words)

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