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	Robert Mugabe - MSN Encarta
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born at the Jesuit mission of Kutama in northwest Mashonaland, in the north of the British colony of Southern Rhodesia.
		Mugabe was freed in 1974 and became active in the further development of ZANU’s guerrilla army.
		Mugabe, whose political support came overwhelmingly from his homeland of Mashonaland in the north, attempted to build Zimbabwe on a basis of reconciliation with whites and with his ZAPU rivals, whose support came from Matabeleland in the south.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567620/Robert_Mugabe.html (903 words)

	Mugabe, Robert Gabriel - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Reelected in 1990 and 1996, Mugabe was forced to abandon his commitment to a one-party Marxist state by 1991, but he nonetheless consolidated power, virtually eliminating opposition, and his regime became increasingly autocratic.
		Mugabe was an aggressive supporter of sanctions against South Africa and aided the African National Congress before the lifting of apartheid.
		THE IoS PROFILE Robert Mugabe: Robert the brute; The President of Zimbabwe was 80 yesterday.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-mugabe-r.html (389 words)

	Prominent People - Mugabe, Robert Gabriel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mugabe was born on 21 February 1924 in Kutama and has been the head of government in Zimbabwe initially as Prime Minister and since 1980 as first executive President.
		After the war Mugabe won a landslide victory in elections in 1980 held under British supervision, and he became Prime Minister (1980-7) and President in 1987.
		During recent years Mugabe has labelled the 4,500 white farmers "enemies of the people" and has turned a blind eye while the occupiers (thousands of purported "war veterans") execute white landowners, rape women, and ignore court orders to disband.
	www.prominentpeople.co.za /people/39.php (651 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Mugabe: Freedom fighter turned autocrat
		Mugabe's critics - and these days they are many in a country where he was once an untouchable figure - say that despite his socialist rhetoric, his rule has been one of state capitalism which has not materially benefited ordinary Zimbabweans.
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born in 1924 in Kutama Mission in Zvimba, 60 km west of Harare.
		Robert Mugabe instead talks about economic sabotage by the West, and in particular by the International Monetary Fund, which forced Zimbabwe to adopt free-market reforms in 1991, when the state could no longer finance the huge programme of social spending started at independence.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/744174.stm (863 words)

	Robert Gabriel Mugabe Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born 1924) was in the forefront of the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) for nearly two decades.
		Mugabe was the son of a peasant farmer and carpenter.
		Mugabe used his imprisonment to further his studies, obtaining a bachelor of law and a bachelor of administration from the University of London.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/robert-gabriel-mugabe (2036 words)

	TIME Pacific \| Robert Mugabe \| December 25, 2000 \| NO. 51
		President Robert Gabriel Mugabe is the last of the old African nationalists who rode to power on the colonial winds of change.
		Mugabe's land grab effectively crippled Zimbabwe's commercial agriculture industry, dominated by 4,500 mainly white farmers, which in the past made up some 20% of the country's gdp and 40% of its export earnings.
		But Robert Mugabe wants to go down in history as the man who gave African land back to Africans, even if it means the ruin of his country.
	www.time.com /time/pacific/magazine/20001225/poy_mugabe.html (503 words)

	REQUIEM FOR MUGABE
		If Mugabe felt that he was so beloved by his people, the right thing to do was to offer the unconditional opportunity to express themselves by allowing everybody entitled to vote to vote freely according to their choice.
		Mugabe has become, are the same governments which reneged on an earlier agreement to make millions of pound sterling available to the Zimbabwe government to carry out a successful re-acquisition of the land from the white minority farmers - the British government.
		Mugabe has accomplished is to use every subterfuge to win an election and then go begging to the same people he expelled from monitoring the election, it is a sad commentary on his bloated ego, as well as on those who encouraged him to stay in power at all costs.
	www.gamji.com /article1000/NEWS1243.htm (917 words)

	Zimbabwe PERSONAL BACKGROUND
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born on 21 February 1924 in Kutama, Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) to Gabriel, a mission carpenter, and Bona Mugabe.
		Upon Mugabe's return from Ghana in 1960, he entered the political arena by becoming the publicity secretary and youth organizer for the National Democratic Party (NDP).
		Mugabe's contribution to Zimbabwean and African development are widely recognized; he holds many honorary degrees and two awards for public service: Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger (1988) and the Jawaharlal Nehru Award (1989).
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /World-Leaders-2003/Zimbabwe-PERSONAL-BACKGROUND.html (373 words)

	Robert Mugabe, Dictator of the Month, August, 2004
		Mugabe, whose political support came from his Shona-speaking homeland in the north, attempted to build Zimbabwe on a basis of an uneasy coalition with his Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) rivals, whose support came from Ndebele-speaking south, and with whites.
		Mugabe sought to incorporate ZAPU into his Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) led government and ZAPU's military wing into the army; and ZAPU's leader, Joshua Nkomo, was given a series of cabinet positions in Mugabe's government.
		Mugabe has also been criticized for his intervention in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at a time when the Zimbabwean economy was struggling.
	www.dictatorofthemonth.com /Mugabe/Aug2004MugabeEN.htm (1717 words)

	CNN.com - Mugabe: Africa's 'lasting connection'? - March 13, 2002
		Mugabe has been accused of dealing harshly with his opponents, killing some 20,000 ethnic Ndebeles in southwest Zimbabwe whom he saw as supporting an opposition party.
		In late 1999, Mugabe endorsed often-violent seizures of white-owned farms.
		If this election is about anything, it is just that: whether Mugabe is a man for all seasons or if, at 78, he is a man whose time has come and gone.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/03/07/mugabe.profile (368 words)

	Robert Mugabe - left wing monster
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born in 1924 at the Kutama Mission in Zvimba, then Southern Rhodesia, only months after the country became a British crown colony.
		In August 2002, Grace Mugabe, aided by the military, took over a 3,000-acre farm for her family, arresting the 78-year-old owner and dismissing the farm's fl workers.
		Mugabe's destruction of the independent media played a major role in defeating the opposition, and he was thorough in that respect.
	www.martinfrost.ws /htmlfiles/robert_mugabe.html (2843 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe strongman
		When Robert Mugabe came to power in 1980 the talk was of peace and co-operation after decades of white colonial rule and a bitter civil war.
		Born in 1924, Robert Gabriel Mugabe was educated in missionary schools and received the first of his seven degrees from South Africa's Fort Hare University.
		Mr Mugabe has made much of his devout Christianity, but his marriage to a former private secretary in 1996 - 41 years his junior and with whom he already fathered two children - raised more than a few eyebrows.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/643737.stm (655 words)

	Democracy Matters
		A few years ago, Mugabe married his ex-secretary, the striking and fashion-loving Grace Marufu, following the death of his long-time Ghanaian-born wife, Sally, a formidable freedom fighter in her own right who unfortunately was unable to bear him a child.
		One can sympathise with Mugabe's frustration with the freak situation where 40 per cent of Zimbabwe's arable farmland is controlled by the country's tiny but rich white minority, which forms less than one per cent of the country's 12 million people.
		Mugabe has certainly come a long way from the ascetic, Marxist-Leninist devotee of the liberation struggle, a man who used his time in Smith's jails to acquire a long list of degrees, and whose only surprising indulgence was that he was an avid fan of Elvis Presley.
	www.usafricaonline.com /mugabe_whatnow.html (1159 words)

	how far will mugabe go
		But Mugabe has been using thugs, paramilitary legions, police and soldiers to attack backers of Tsvangirai and to intimidate those who prefer free and fair elections.
		Mugabe has made once prosperous Zimbabwe poor and the life of its inhabitants mean and short.
		Robert I. Rotberg is adjunct professor of public policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and director of the Program on Intrastate Conflict, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Resolution at the Belfer Center.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /news/opeds/2002/rotberg_mugabe_bg_030702.htm (829 words)

	WorldNetDaily: 1.5 million refugees in 30 days
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born Feb. 21, 1924 in the landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia, which achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980.
		When Mugabe became prime minister, approximately 70 percent of the country's arable land was owned by approximately 4,000 descendants of white settlers.
		Mugabe was helped by an unprecedented turnout of 90 percent in his rural stronghold of Mashonaland, though many suspected ballot-rigging.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=45010 (928 words)

	Mugabe, Robert Gabriel - Further Reading - MSN Encarta
		Mugabe, Robert Gabriel - Further Reading - MSN Encarta
		A history of Zimbabwe under the rule of former guerrilla-leader Robert Mugabe.
		A journalist's history of the autocratic regime of Robert Mugabe, in power since Zimbabwe's independence in 1980.
	encarta.msn.com /readings_761567620/Robert_Mugabe.html (84 words)

	Mugabe's Zimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born and raised in Rhodesia, Robert Gabriel Mugabe later became a committed Marxist.
		Mugabe led the Chinese backed invasion of Rhodesia during the period when Peter Davies' novel Scatterlings of Africa is set.
		In 1980 Mugabe became leader of "Zimbabwe" and has held power in Zimbabwe for over 25 years.
	www.peterdaviesbooks.co.uk /mugabe.html (50 words)

	Robert Mugabe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Mugabe, whose political support came from his Shona-speaking homeland in the north, attempted to build Zimbabwe on a basis of an uneasy coalition with his Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) rivals, whose support came from the Ndebele-speaking south, and with the white minority.
		Robert Mugabe was blamed for Zimbabwe's poorly justified participation in the Second Congo War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at a time when the Zimbabwean economy was struggling.
		Mugabe was helped by an unprecedented turnout of 90% in his rural stronghold of Mashonaland (55% of the population voted overall), although there are credible claims that the turnout may have been rigged.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Mugabe (4540 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Left-wing Monster: Robert Mugabe by Michael Radu
		The movement's inner dynamics worked in favor Robert Mugabe, who in the 70s was the least talented, least well-known, but most ruthless ZANU leader.
		Mugabe pressured the local Catholic hierarchy to celebrate his marriage with a nuptial mass.
		While "land reform" was the pretext for Mugabe’s move, the reality was that most farms were transferred to a parasitic clique around the president.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=21636 (2882 words)

	Mugabe gets a prize \| Samizdata.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Leo Mugabe and his wife Veronica were arrested on charges of illegally selling flour on the local market and exporting it to Mozambique.
		Mugabe reveals itself to be a jumping off point for future incursions by the capitalist west into a continent it once dominated.
		Mugabe's resistance to this plot has shown remarkable restraint given the proximity to his country of the "foothold".
	www.samizdata.net /blog/archives/2005/11/mugabe_gets_a_prize.html (1586 words)

	Amazon.fr : Robert Mugabe: Life of Power and Violence: Livres en anglais: Stephen Chan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Robert Mugabe was born in 1924, a fl man in one of Africa's most defiantly white-dominated nations: Rhodesia.
		For when Rhodesia became Zimbabwe in 1980, Mugabe became the public face of a hopeful experiment in African independence--but the next twenty-two years would tell a different story.
		The author follows Mugabe from his days as a rebel through his electoral victory, his growing influence in African politics, and his unyielding opposition to apartheid.
	www.amazon.fr /Robert-Mugabe-Life-Power-Violence/dp/0472113364 (631 words)

	Robert Gabriel Mugabe - Wikipedia
		Den Niedergang der Koalition nutzte Mugabe, um seine Macht zu festigen.
		Als Mugabe Premierminister wurde, bewirtschafteten ungefähr 4000 Nachkommen von weißen Siedlern 70 Prozent der anbaufähigen Landfläche.
		Mugabe stellte den weißen Farmern in Aussicht, dass sie vorerst keine Befürchtungen vor der schwarzen Mehrheit haben müssten.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mugabe (1276 words)

	Mugabe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born on the 21st of February 1924 and studied at the University of London.
		From here the country has gone downhill, with the rest of the world not seeming to care what was happening there.
		Each time a farm is taken over, approximately 200 farm workers tragically lose their jobs and their homes.
	people.bath.ac.uk /rl204/Mugabe.htm (210 words)

	Amazon.ca: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe: Books: Richard Worth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The history of Southern Rhodesia is outlined; Mugabe's political career is described in relation to the increasing move for change in the 1960s.
		The writing is clear and straightforward; this is not a glossy portrait of Mugabe.
		Mugabe is also, however, shown to be responsible for the development of modern Zimbabwe, a nation with a flourishing economy, enough food, and free public education and health care.
	www.amazon.ca /Robert-Mugabe-Zimbabwe-Richard-Worth/dp/0671689878 (252 words)

	Robert Mugabe, 2002 People in the News — Infoplease.com
		Many of the farmers defied the order, and Mugabe threatened the farmers with arrest if they failed to comply.
		The land redistribution policy was denounced by the international community for contributing to food and economic crises.
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe - Mugabe, Robert Gabriel, 1924–, president of Zimbabwe (1987–).
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0901299.html (164 words)

	Pravda.RU Mugabe from the sublime to the ridiculous
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe, the 77-year-old incumbent President of Zimbabwe, epitomises everything which has gone wrong in Africa over the past five decades.
		The only reason why Mugabe will allow international observers at the elections on 10th March is because so much pressure was put on him by the European Union, the Commonwealth and the United States of America.
		The President of neighbouring Mozambique, Joaquim Chissano, declares that he is worried by the fact that the heads of Zimbabwe's armed forces have expressed their total support for Mugabe remaining in power, because this hints that they would be opposed to the democratic election of the main opposition candidate, Morgan Tsvangirai.
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2002/01/16/25706.html (2183 words)

	Robert Mugabe Summary
		Despite detention and harassment from the white settler regime, Mugabe resisted attempts to break him and m...
		Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born February 21, 1924) is a Zimbabwean politician.
		Early life Mugabe was raised at Kutama Mission, Zvim...
	www.bookrags.com /Robert_Mugabe (154 words)

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