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	Scottish Literature - MSN Encarta
		The earliest literature in the northern dialect of English known as Scottish or Lowland Scots is a fragment of an anonymous 13th-century poem on the condition of Scotland after the death of King Alexander III.
		Buchanan was later to have significant political influence as tutor to James VI and theorist of the State; his writings, both in poetry and in drama, have continued to inspire modern writers in Scots such as Robert Garioch.
		The undermining of Scots as the speech of influential classes within the nation was intensified with the Union of the Scottish and English Crowns in 1603, and the removal of James VI to London to become James I of England.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576426/Scottish_Literature.html (919 words)

	BBC - Writing Scotland - Scotland's Languages - Robert Garioch
		Robert Garioch Sutherland was born in Edinburgh in 1909.
		Garioch spent many years working as a schoolteacher in the London area, both before and after the Second World War.
		During the War, Garioch served as a signalman, and was captured and became a prisoner of war.
	www.bbc.co.uk /scotland/arts/writingscotland/learning_journeys/scotlands_languages/robert_garioch (169 words)

	Papers of Robert Garioch Sutherland
		Robert Garioch Sutherland, who wrote under the name of Robert Garioch, was born in Edinburgh in May 1909, the son of a house painter, and educated at the Royal High School and Edinburgh University.
		Garioch began his life as a poet in Edinburgh in the 1930s and in 1940 collaborated with Sorley Maclean to produce 17 poems for 6d.
		After his retirement Garioch was able to participate fully in the literary life of Edinburgh.
	www.library.rdg.ac.uk /colls/special/sutherland.html (387 words)

	The Lordship of Garioch
		A fairly substantial portion of Mar, the Garioch, about 200 square miles in the east of the territory, became identified separately, probably in the reign of Malcolm Canmore (mid-11th century), and was appropriated as an appanage of the Royal House.
		At Thomas’s death Mar and Garioch passed to his sister Margaret and thence to her daughter, Isabel, who used the style Countess of Mar and Lady of Garioch.
		A substantial amount, including the Lordship of Garioch, was acquired by William Duff of Dipple and Braco, and during the years that followed, the Duffs became the principal landowners in Aberdeenshire and, with their estates along the southern coast of the Moray Firth, one of the richest families in Scotland.
	www.baronage.co.uk /2004b/Garioch.html (681 words)

	Poets who matter: 4. Robert Garioch (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This week’s man of verse, Robert Garioch, is hardly known beyond his native country, perhaps because he wrote in Lallans, the Scots language still spoken by peasants in private and poets in public.
		Blackhill, the Glasgow (or Glesca) district where I worked as a policeman in the 1970s, was a kind of hell, the ingenious creation of Glasgow’s post-World War II public housing managers as an awful god-like warning to troublesome public housing tenants in other areas of the city to behave or be banished there.
		Garioch, using classic Greek meter, translated the legend into Lallans, while wryly drawing a parallel between boulder-trundling and the repetitious drudgery of 20
	www.stephaniepiro.com.cob-web.org:8888 /fc288.htm (1964 words)

	SLAINTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is true particularly of Fergusson with whom Garioch felt a special affinity.
		Both wrote in Scots as a conscious effort to preserve the language and resist creeping Anglicisation and the reduction of Scotland to a province as a result of the Union of 1707.
		Most of Garioch's work is in this "coorse and grittie" Scots which, as he said, he "used in the streets as a boy, but not in the R.H.S.".
	www.slainte.org.uk /scotauth/gariodsw.htm (415 words)

	Bibliography
		Bateman, Meg, Crawford, Robert and McGonigal, James (eds.), Scottish Religious Poetry: From the Sixth Century to the Present: An Anthology (Edinburgh: Saint Andrews Press, 2000).
		Findlay, Bill, 'Robert Garioch's Jephthah and the Baptist: Why he considered it 'my favourite work'', SLJ 25(2) (Aberdeen: Association for Scottish Literary Studies, 1998), pp.
		Watson, Roderick, ‘The Speaker in the Gairdens: The Poetry of Robert Garioch’, Akros 16 (Preston: Akros Publications, 1971), pp.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /SESLL/ScotLit/bibliography/6thsection.html (7644 words)

	Acidophilus notes \| 05:08
		Robert Garioch Sutherland, (May 9, 1909 – April 26, 1981), was a Scottish poet and translator.
		Garioch was born in Edinburgh, the son of a decorator and a music teacher, and attended school in the city before going to the University of Edinburgh.
		As part of its national consumer education program, Nebraska Cultures will be dedicating a portion of its informational website www.TheRightProbiotic.com to providing consumers over the age of 60 with valuable health tips.
	www.acidophiluseffects.com /notes/?title=Robert_Garioch (557 words)

	Edinburgh Literary Pub Tour
		Robert Burns thought of him as “my elder brother in misfortune, by far my elder brother in the muse,” and, when he visited Edinburgh, had a stone set up on Fergusson’s grave in Canongate churchyard.
		Though he was nominally a friend of Hogg’s, his jokes at the expense of the Shepherd’s rough appearance and country ways are cruel, and the mismatch between country and city is very clear.
		Robert Garioch also saw both sides of Edinburgh, and knew that he was not the first to do so.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /archives/sep2000/mcewans.htm (2147 words)

	Rampant Scotland Directory - Literature and Poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Not just Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson but a wide range of authors and their works are included here, ranging from "The Brus" by John Barbour to modern authors such as Muriel Spark or Alistair MacLean.
		The poetry section is of course dominated by Robert Burns.
		From a Scottish perspective, Robert Louis Stevenson's Jekyll and Hyde, most of the Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes Mysteries and Walter Scott's Ivanhoe are included.
	www.rampantscotland.com /literature.htm (2974 words)

	Bookreporter.com - FRIENDS, LOVERS, CHOCOLATE by Alexander McCall Smith
		Robert Burns himself had paid for this stone to be erected, in homage to his brother in the muse, and had written the lines of its inscription: This simple stone directs Pale Scotia's way/To pour her sorrows o'er her poet's dust.
		He reached into a pocket of his overcoat and took out a small fl notebook of the sort that used to advertise itself as waterproof.
		Because I admire this man, this Robert Fergusson, who wrote such beautiful words in the few years given him, and because at least somebody should remember and come here on this day each year.
	www.bookreporter.com /reviews2/0375422994-excerpt.asp (1674 words)

	Overview of Robert Garioch (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born Robert Garioch Sutherland in Edinburgh and educated at the Royal High School and the University in this city.
		Garioch gratefully acknowledged the influence which Robert Fergusson (1750-74) had on his poetry.
		Garioch also translated the works of others from various languages into Scots, for example, Jeptha and the Baptist which was written in Latin by George Buchanan (1506-82).
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /scotgaz/people/famousfirst1286.html (228 words)

	The Scottish Poetry Library
		Robert Garioch was born in 1909 in Edinburgh, where he grew up.
		Poems by both appear in 17 Poems for 6d, published by Garioch (as the Chalmers Press) in early 1940.
		For much of the Second World War he was a prisoner-of-war, held in camps in Italy and Germany.
	www.spl.org.uk /poets_a-z/garioch.html (163 words)

	Robert Crawford
		Robert Crawford is Professor of Modern Scottish Literature.
		Robert Crawford received his MA from Glasgow University and his DPhil from Oxford.
		He has previously been Director of the MLitt in Scottish Literature and has supervised postgraduate research students in areas including modern poetry in English, Scottish poetry and fiction, literature and environmentalism, and creative writing.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /academic/english/crawford/home.html (385 words)

	[LiteraryTraveler) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The only thing of his I actually recall reading is “The Three Drovers” (1828) considered the world's first cowboy story and among the first of the genre of short story written.
		At the top of Lady Stair's Close and along the Royal Mile – which follows a ridge from Edinburgh Castle to the Palace of Holyroodhouse, through the closes (entries) and wynds (alleyways) on either side, consisting of Castle Hill, Lawnmarket, High Street, Cannongate and Abby Strand — are numerous commemorative plaques.
		O may we meet in heaven.” She outlived him by 45 years, dying at the age of 82 in a tenement flat.
	webdelsol.com /LITARTS/Literary_Traveler/edinburgh/edinburgh.html (2247 words)

	A Garioch Miscellany - Books From Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This item is normally dispatched between 5 and 21 working days, depending on availability.
		A collection memoirs, reminiscences and letters by and about Robert Garioch.
		The book is intended as companion volume to "Complete Poetical Works", but it also stands on its own as an insight into this Scottish poet.
	www.booksfromscotland.com /Books/A-Garioch-Miscellany-0863340571 (50 words)

	ARLT :: A book on Latin poetry written by Scots.
		Nowadays, of course, things are different, but Robert Crawford has rolled up his sleeves and provided a spirited facing translation to assist the uninitiated with these selected poems of George Buchanan and Arthur Johnston.
		Buchanan was born in 1506 in Stirlingshire, fought in the French army at the age of 17, studied at St Andrews and Paris, was imprisoned by the Inquisition in Portugal, escaped with his life and ended up back in Scotland as tutor to James VI.
		My enduring problem with Robert Crawford, who wrote a goodish collection once, very well called ‘A Scottish Assembly’ (in the John Smith days), before going off to teach writing by numbers in the pinnacle of Fife, is the obverse of what Poetry Review once praised as his attention to the Zeitgeist.
	blog.arlt.co.uk /blog/_archives/2006/7/30/2179207.html (1815 words)

	The Scottish Poetry Library
		When assembling his Collected Poems (1977), Garioch felt 'free to arrange [his poems] in groups which largely cut across chronological lines', and did not retain the order of his individual collections, which themselves did not present work chronologically.
		The order of the poems in the 1973 edition is as follows (dates of completion taken from Garioch's notebooks and published in Complete Poetical Works are given where available):
		Listing the poems chronologically it becomes clear that, though they cover a period from the late 1940s to 1973, the year of publication, the majority of the poems were written after the publication in 1966 of Garioch's Selected Poems, his first substantial collection:
	www.spl.org.uk /poets_pub/garioch_com_1973.html (195 words)

	Scots language information - Search.com
		From the fifteenth century, much literature based around the Royal Court in Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews was produced by writers such as Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, Douglas and David Lyndsay.
		Writers of the period were Robert Sempill, Robert Sempill the younger, Francis Sempill, Lady Wardlaw and Lady Grizel Baillie.
		In the eighteenth century, writers such as Alan Ramsay, Robert Burns, Robert Fergusson and Walter Scott continued to use Scots.
	webshots.search.com /reference/Scots_language (4151 words)

	LINGUIST List 16.1333: Translation/Ling & Literary Theory: Findlay (2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Robert Garioch in translating George Buchanan's stately, tragic Latin.
		Garioch, R. (1973) _Doktor Faust in Rose Street_.
		Sutherland, R. [Robert Garioch] (1959) _Jephthah and The Baptist_.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/16/16-1333.html (4815 words)

	Carl MacDougall.co.uk - Anthologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Extracts from the great epic poems on Bruce and Wallace, the works of Gavin Douglas, Robert Henryson and Sir David Lyndsay, sit alongside anonymous ballad singers and unknown writers whose work appeared in 19th-century newspapers and magazines.
		Our finest poets and songwriters such as Allan Ramsay, Hamish Henderson, Marion Angus and Robert Fergusson rub shoulders with Robert Tannahill, Neil Munro, Robert Garioch and William Soutar.
		Each piece carries a separate introduction and the contents are arranged to make the anthology as readable as possible, showing, through living, practical examples, how the language developed and survived and how its present is healthier than ever.
	www.carlmacdougall.co.uk /publications.htm (473 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ayr, and Ayrshire This is the major area for the study of Robert Burns (1759-1796), born here and a resident for most of his life.
		See also Alexander Smith's fine poem, "Edinburgh" (L. Robert Garioch is the modern poet who concentrates the hardest upon the city itself, especially in the form of satire, as in his famous, "Embro to the Ploy" (SL.
		The Battle of Bannockburn (very near Stirling), fought in 1314, was the site of Robert the Bruce's victory over Edward II of England, and much the focus of John Barbour's (1320-1395) great epic, The Bruce.
	www.uwstout.edu /faculty/mccordickd/scotland/sites.shtml (3830 words)

	A Chat with Andrew Lownie
		A: I probably quote more Robert Garioch (1909-81) in the book than any other poet, simply because he writes so evocatively and powerfully about Edinburgh life and his poetry is so accessible, witty and memorable.
		He saw himself in the tradition of his predecessors Robert Fergusson, Robert Burns and Robert Louis Stevenson (is that why I called my son Robert?) and deserves to be as well known.
		Q: You write that “the three most important writers connected with Edinburgh” are probably “Robert Burns, Walter Scott, and Robert Louis Stevenson.” I am surprised and pleased that you include Burns since he was only there twice as a visitor while Scott and Stevenson lived there.
	www.electricscotland.com /familytree/magazine/febmar2006/story24.htm (2206 words)

	The Scottish Poetry Library - Poets
		A collection by the poet from that decade is considered in detail, with references given to a range of other work by them held in the Library, including audio recordings and background material, as well as a selection of weblinks.
		Sorley Maclean, 17 Poems for 6d: in Gaelic, Scots and English (1940) (with Robert Garioch).
		Robert Garioch, Doktor Faust in Rose Street (1973)
	sites.scran.ac.uk /scottish_poetry_library/poets_robertgarioch.html (337 words)

	Sorley Maclean Biography - Biography.com
		He read English at Edinburgh University (1929–33), and by the end of the 1930s was an established figure on the Scottish literary scene.
		In 1940 he published Seventeen Poems for Sixpence, which he produced with Robert Garioch, and in 1943, Dàin do Eimhir (Poems to Eimhir), addressed to the legendary Eimhir of the early Irish sagas.
		A teacher and headmaster until his retirement in 1972, his major collection of poems, Reothairt is Contraigh (Spring Tide and Neap Tide), appeared in 1977.
	www.biography.com /search/article.jsp?aid=9393599 (136 words)

	Poets, Scottish books, find the lowest prices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Robert Burns : His Personality, His Reputation and His Art
		Robert Burns's Tour of the Borders, 5 May-1 June, 1787
		Robert Burns's Tours of the Highlands and Stirlingshire 1787
	www.allbookstores.com /Poets_Scottish_p3st.html (171 words)

	685
		This Golden Age was cut short by the death of James IV at Flodden in 1513, followed shortly by the Reformation's attack on the secular arts.
		Most famous of the vernacular poets, though, is Robert Burns, who carried the mantle of linguistic nationalism after Furgusson's death.
		Still, among the many were the few: poets who grappled with social and linguistic issues that would inform the more vigorous poetry of the 20th century, including the bitterness of the Highland clearances, the blight of industrialization, and the need to find a viable poetic idiom within and among the languages of the nation.
	mason.gmu.edu /~stichy/685Scotpoetry.htm (4737 words)

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