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Astrophysicist

May 6

	Robert H. Dicke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American experimental physicist, who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.
		Dicke completed his bachelor's degree at Princeton University and his doctorate, in 1939, from the University of Rochester in nuclear physics.
		The Dicke radiometer has been used for many measurements of the background radiation, including that of Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Dicke (454 words)

	ASP: A Radical in Tweeds: Robert H. Dicke and the General Theory of Relativity
		Robert H. Dicke, professor of physics at Princeton University, is by no means a crank, but one of the foremost experimentalists of his time, and by the mid-1950s he had become very skeptical about the empirical evidence for Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
		Dicke and his students built a special telescope with a rotating focal-place shutter, to extract the tiny effect from the noise.
		Dicke was puzzled by these erratic results, and suggested they might be varying in phase with the eleven year solar cycle.
	www.astrosociety.org /pubs/mercury/9404/dicke.html (2642 words)

	Dicke, Robert Henry (1916-1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He deduced that the glow of the primordial fireball in which the universe was born ought today to be still visible as feeble flbody radiation coming from all parts of the sky.
		Dicke started to organize a search for such radiation and had begun to install an antenna on his laboratory roof when he heard from Penzias and Wilson that they had detected background microwave radiation at a wavelength of 7 cm.
		Dicke graduated in 1939 from Princeton University and obtained a Ph.D. in 1941 from the University of Rochester.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/Dicke.html (295 words)

	release 1970 0566
		Charles Brans and Robert H. Dicke, holding that Einstein's formulations about the effects of gravity on radio and light signals could be in error by 7 per cent.
		Dicke argued that this could be sufficient to throw Einstein's prediction of Mercury's orbital shift off by 10 per cent.
		Brans and Dicke also theorized that, if such error existed in the orbital prediction of Einstein's theory, his light or radio time delay prediction would also be in error from 7 to 10 per cent.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/70s/release_1970_0566.html (774 words)

	Cosmology - Penzias and Wilson's Discovery is One of the Century's Key Advances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The discovery in 1963 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson of the cosmic microwave background of the Big Bang set the seal of approval on the theory, and brought cosmology to the forefront as a scientific discipline.
		Penzias and Wilson consulted with Princeton physicist Robert H. Dicke, who had theorized that if the universe was created according to the Big Bang theory, a background radiation at 3-degree Kelvin would exist throughout the universe.
		Dicke visited Bell Labs and confirmed that the mysterious radio signal Penzias and Wilson detected was, indeed, the cosmic radiation that had survived from the very early days of the universe.
	www.bell-labs.com /project/feature/archives/cosmology (981 words)

	Robert H. Dicke -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Dicke, Robert H. American physicist noted for his theoretical work in cosmology and investigations centring on the general theory of relativity.
		Humphrey, Hubert H. The 38th vice-president of the United States was Hubert H. Humphrey, who served from 1965 to 1969 in the Democratic administration of Lyndon B. Johnson.
		The works of U.S. poet Robert Frost tell of simple things—swinging on a birch tree, stopping by woods on a snowy evening, the death of a hired man. Behind them is a deep feeling for life's fundamentals—love, loyalty, awareness of nature and of God.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9030334?tocId=9030334 (790 words)

	IEEEVM: Robert Dicke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Robert Dicke was born on 6 May 1916 in St Louis, Missouri.
		After Princeton, Dicke began graduate work in nuclear physics at the University of Rochester and in the spring of 1941, he completed the research for his Ph.D. Dicke’s topic, which he had self-selected, was one of the first experimental studies of inelastic scattering of protons.
		Dicke’s career at the Rad Lab was short lived as the Lab closed at the end of World War II.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/people.php?id=1234758&lid=1 (429 words)

	AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dicke was born in 1916; died in 1997.
		File includes: a scientific autobiography in which Dicke describes his early interest in math and science; his high school education; his college studies at the University of Rochester under Lee A. Dubridge and Frederick Seitz, at whose suggestion he transferred to Princeton University in 1937.
		Dicke describes his encounters at the Institute for Advanced Study with Albert Einstein, Eugene Wigner, Isidor I. Rabi, Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Pauli, Paul Dirac, and Leo Szilard; and his work with fellow students David Frisch, Ray Emerich, and Hans and Wolfgang Panofsky.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/6353.html (149 words)

	AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Highly respected for his contributions to the study of physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, Dicke was an early believer in the Big Bang theory of the creation of the universe and postulated that an echo of that event could still be detected through radio waves.
		A longtime professor at Princeton University, Dicke conducted numerous experiments in gravity and in his unsuccessful challenge of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
		Dicke held approximately fifty patents for his discoveries, many of them pertaining to the development of radar.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/24604.html (255 words)

	National Park Service: Astronomy and Astrophysics (Horn Antenna)
		Dicke and his colleagues reasoned that the "Big Bang" must have scattered not only the matter that condensed into galaxies but also must have released a tremendous blast of radiation.
		Dicke, Penzias, and Wilson visited the antenna and immediately recognized the significance of their discovery--they had stumbled on to the "embers" of creation predicted by their Princeton colleagues.
		In the first, Dicke and his associates outlined the importance of cosmic background radiation as substantiation of the Big Bang Theory.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4k.htm (1555 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.77 (1999)
		Bob Dicke was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1967.
		News of this experiment led Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson to realize that the excess noise temperature in a radio telescope at the Bell Laboratories might be extraterrestrial.
		WE ARE DEEPLY GRATEFUL to Annie Dicke for her guidance to Bob's early life in science and society.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309066441/html/78.html (3923 words)

	Notebook: May 7, 1997
		Dicke is widely known for his leadership in developing experimental tests of gravity physics and of the standard gravitational model for the large-scale evolution of the universe.
		Dicke was responsible for a famous 1965 paper proposing that the then-mysterious background radiation permeating the universe is left over from the big bang.
		Dicke was unusual in making important contributions as both a theoretical and experimental physicist.
	www.princeton.edu /~paw/archive_old/PAW96-97/15-0507/0507note.html (2866 words)

	Robert H. Dicke (A Biographical Memoir): Department of Phsyics, Princeton University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Among his many prizes and awards are the National Medal of Science, 1971, the Comstock Prize of the National Academy of Sciences, 1973, and the NASA Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement, 1973.
		He is survived by Annie and their children Nancy Dicke Rapoport, John Robert Dicke, and James Howard Dicke.
		Roll and DTW to build a Dicke radiometer to look for the thermalized starlight, which would be adiabatically cooled by a large factor since elimination of the heavy elements.
	pupgg.princeton.edu /www/jh/history/robert_dicke.html (3634 words)

	Jansky Home Page
		Robert H. Dicke Physics Department, Princeton University Gravitation and the Universe 1971 Prof.
		Robert Hanbury Brown Department of Physics, University of Sydney Stars, Photons, and Uncommon Sense 1987 Prof.
		Joseph H. Taylor Dept. of Physics, Princeton University (Nobel Prize 1993) Time and the Nature of the Universe 1990 Prof.
	www.nrao.edu /jansky/janskyprize.shtml (568 words)

	R.H. Dicke - Acknowledgements (A Biographical Memoir): Department of Physics, Princeton University
		ROBERT H. We are deeply grateful to Annie Dicke for her guidance to Bob's early life in science and society.
		C. Montgomery, R. Dicke and E. Purcell, Principles of Microwave Circuits, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory Series, volume 8, Boston Technical Publishers, Lexington Mass, 1964, 486pp.
		J. Wittke and R. Dicke, Physical Review, 96:530-531, 1954, Redetermination of the Hyperfine Splitting in the Ground State of Atomic Hydrogen.
	pupgg.princeton.edu /www/jh/history/robert_dicke_acknowledgements.html (398 words)

	Design and the Anthropic Principle
		Dirac noted that the number of baryons (protons plus neutrons) in the universe is the square of the gravitational constant as well as the square of the age of the universe (both expressed as dimensionless numbers).
		Dicke discerned that with a slight change in either of these relationships life could not exist.
		Hart, Michael H. "The Evolution of the Atmosphere of the Earth," in Icarus, 33.
	www.origins.org /articles/ross_designanthropic.html (6273 words)

	[No title]
		Perhaps the principal reason Dicke did not see the wave interference patterns, that he was looking for, was that he did not have any receivers in those frequency ranges where these wave interference patterns would, most probably, be generated.
		Einstein said gravity was a wave and Dicke knew this to be true but neither Einstein nor Dicke knew the frequency of that gravity wave.
		Dicke used to argue with Einstein and if you look at Dicke's work then it is clear he spent a good portion of his life trying to disprove Einstein's theory of general relativity.
	www.rbduncan.com /invisibleforces.htm (8807 words)

	Robert Henry Dicke, May 6, 1916—March 4, 1997 \| By W. Happer, P. J. E. Peebles, and D. T. Wilkinson \| Biographical ...
		Robert Henry Dicke, May 6, 1916—March 4, 1997
		He probably knew we called ourselves "Dicke birds"--it fit his quiet good humor, which kept us from taking ourselves too seriously, while always remembering that we had better take the physics very seriously.
		He persuaded P. Roll and one of us (DTW) to build a Dicke radiometer to look for the thermalized starlight, which would be adiabatically cooled by a large factor since elimination of the heavy elements.
	www.nap.edu /html/biomems/rdicke.html (3893 words)

	The race to make the first laser
		Charles H. Townes invented the microwave-emitting maser in the early 1950s at Columbia University, with the help of Herbert Zeiger and James Gordon.
		In the Soviet Union, V. Fabrikant and his students filed a patent application dated June 18, 1951 on amplifying electromagnetic radiation from the ultraviolet through the radio spectrum, but their idea had little direct effect on laser research, even in the Soviet Union.
		In the United States, Robert H. Dicke developed in 1954 proposed the "optical bomb," in which a short excitation pulse would produce an inverted population, which would then generate an intense burst of spontaneous emission.
	www.sff.net /people/Jeff.Hecht/Pioneers.html (1871 words)

	LMU Library Storage Selection project, Fall 2004: Books in Physics
		Introduction to the theory of relativity [by] Francis W. Sears [and] Robert W. Brehme.
		Procedures in experimental physics, by John Strong, in collaboration with H. Victor Neher, Albert E. Whitford, C. Hawley Cartwright and Roger Hayward; illustrated by Roger Hayward.
		Introduction to quantum mechanics, by Robert H. Dicke and James P. Wittke.
	lib.lmu.edu /storage/physics.html (2476 words)

	IEEEVM: Robert Woodrow Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Robert Woodrow Wilson was a co-winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics with Arno Penzias.
		Princeton University physicist Robert H. Dicke who had been the first to propose the idea of “cosmic background radiation” remaining from the initial big bang that gave rise to the universe concurred with the findings of Penzias and Wilson.
		This was a fundamental breakthrough in understanding the origin of the universe and Penzias and Wilson were rewarded with the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/people.php?id=1234738&lid=1 (425 words)

	MG8, an experimentalists' summary
		A special Memorial Symposium was held in honor of Robert H. Dicke, who passed away in March of this year.
		Francis Everitt spoke movingly of the inspiration he had drawn throughout his own career from the work of Dicke, especially the new Eotvos experiment, as reported both in a preliminary account in Scientific American and in the great 1962 treatise by Roll, Krotkov, and Dicke.
		He also reminded those in attendance of the influence of Dicke's informal discussion group on gravitational physics at Princeton; in 1957 one of its attendees was a Maryland physicist on sabbatical, Joseph Weber.
	www.phys.lsu.edu /mog/mog10/node14.html (1270 words)

	- Nobel Laureate Arno Penzias Retires After 37 Years at Bell Labs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Systematically and painstakingly, they eliminated the possibilities --such as the Milky Way, the Sun, poorly fitted antenna joints, and a white sticky substance left by pigeons nesting in the antenna--until it was undeniable that the entire universe itself was the source.
		Disturbed by this puzzling cosmic effect, Penzias by chance was discussing his findings to a physicist in Boston, who told him of the work of Princeton physicist Robert H. Dicke on the so-called Big Bang Theory of the universe--how the universe supposedly was created roughly 15 billion years ago.
		Dicke, who was in the process of building his own antenna to search for the radiation, immediately came to Bell Labs at Crawford Hill for a first-hand look at the horn antenna.
	www.bell-labs.com /user/feature/archives/penzias (2641 words)

	McCoubrey2
		In 1953 Professor Robert H. Dicke described a method [13] for extending the time of interaction of atomic particles with the electromagnetic field by the use of a selected gas to provide a medium in which diffusion limits the rate of movement of the active atomic particles.
		In 1962 Robert Vessot and his associates, H. Peters and J. Vanier at Varian Associates in Beverly, Massachusetts undertook the development of a commercial hydrogen maser with the collaboration of Professor Ramsey and Dr. Kleppner.
		The purpose of this project was a critical test of the special and general theories of relativity by a sub orbital flight of a rocket borne hydrogen maser to an altitude of 6 000 miles.
	www.ieee-uffc.org /fc_history/mccoubrey.html (5208 words)

	History of Laser Ranging and MLRS
		In the 1950's, a small group of students and researchers, working at Princeton University under Robert H. Dicke, probably first gave substance to the concept of what would become the technique of optical laser ranging [Alley, 1972].
		In an attempt to probe the fundamentals of gravity, they suggested that powerful, pulsed searchlights on the Earth be used to illuminate optical corner retroreflectors placed upon an orbiting artificial Earth satellite.
		Bender, P. Currie, R. Dicke, D. Eckhardt, J. Faller, W. Kaula, J. Mulholland, H. Plotkin, S. Poultney, E. Silverberg, D. Wilkinson, J. Williams, and C. Alley, The lunar laser ranging experiment, Science, 182, 229-238, 1973.
	www.csr.utexas.edu /mlrs/history.html (1340 words)

	This Week in Phys 251 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We are saddened by the death of Robert H. Dicke.
		Dicke was a rare individual, both a theorist and an experimentalist.
		His accomplishments were wide ranging: he published an important theory of gravity which, for a time, rivaled Einstein's general theory of relativity.
	webphysics.iupui.edu /251/251Sp97TWMar3.html (233 words)

	The Equivalence Principle
		In 1922, Baron Lorand von Eotvos showed that a variety of different substances all fall toward the Earth with the same acceleration to within a few parts in a billion.
		The acceleration of different substances toward the Sun was checked by Robert H. Dicke and his co-workers in 1964 and found to vary by less than one part in a hundred billion.
		The assertion that inertial frames are actually falling with the same acceleration as freely falling objects was checked in 1960 by Pound and Rebka who showed that gamma rays are subject to the appropriate gravitational redshift (to within one part in a hundred) when they travel up and down a tall tower.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~rgowdy/mod/r43/xmp.htm (188 words)

	Reasons To Believe: Facts For Faith Issue 7, 2001
		Physicist Robert Dicke deduced at that time that if anyone wants physicists (or any other physical life forms, for that matter), carbon-based biochemistry is a must.
		Katherine L. Moulton and Robert A. Berner, “Quantification of the Effect of Plants on Weathering: Studies in Iceland,” Geology 26 (October, 1998): 895-98.
		Robert H. Dicke, “Dirac’s Cosmology and Mach’s Principle,” Nature 192 (1961), 440.
	www.reasons.org /resources/fff/2001issue07/index.shtml?main (18144 words)

	Dick
		The premise is this: an airheady pair of 15-year-old girls become infatuated with President Richard Nixon on a trip to the White House.
		Betsy and Arlene (Kirsten Dunst and Michelle Williams) are appointed official dog-walkers, which hastens their discovery of Dick's trickiness.
		Robert H. Dicke - Dr. Robert H. Dicke Age: 80 scientist who conducted classic experiments in gravity and was early...
	www.infoplease.com /ipea/A0779920.html (295 words)

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