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	Robert Henryson - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There is no record of his having studied at St Andrews, the only Scottish university at this time; but in 1462 a "Master Robert Henryson" is named among those incorporated in the recently founded University of Glasgow.
		He must have been in lower orders, if, in addition to being master of the grammar school, he is the notary Robert Henryson who subscribes certain deeds in 1478.
		Henryson's longest, and in many respects his most original and effective work, is his Morall Fabillis of Esope, a collection of thirteen fables, chiefly based on the versions of Anonymus, John Lydgate and William Caxton.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Robert_Henryson (576 words)

	Robert Henryson
		HENRYSON, or HENDERSON, ROBERT, a poet of the fifteenth century, is described as having been chief schoolmaster of Dunfermline, and this is almost the only particular of his life that is sufficiently ascertained.
		Henryson’s Tale of Sir Chauntecleire and the Foxe is evidently borrowed from Chaucer’s Nonnes Preestes Tale.
		Henryson’s tale of Orpheus is not free from similar incongruities, and possesses fewer attractions; it is indeed somewhat languid and feeble, and may have been a lucubration of the author’s old age.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/henryson_robert.htm (1572 words)

	Robert Henryson - Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert Henryson (or Henrysoun) is one of the great names in medieval literature in general, and Scottish literature in particular.
		Henryson's major poems, besides the Fables, include 'The Testament of Cresseid', a sequel to Chaucer's 'Troilus and Criseyde'; 'Robene and Makyne', a comic dialogue; and 'Orpheus and Eurydice', a version of the classical tale which was printed by Chepman and Millar in 1508.
		However, in 1993 the Robert Henryson Society was established in Dunfermline to promote the appreciation of the poet and his works, particularly in the locality with which he is most closely associated.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /SESLL/STELLA/STARN/poetry/HENRYSON/homepage.htm (312 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Henryson, Robert
		Robert Henryson’s poetry is well regarded as the finest example of the Chaucerian tradition to have been produced north of the border.
		Henryson is best understood by focusing not on his life but on the literary traditions he contributed to and developed in his writings.
		Henryson describes nature in a careful, loving and vivid manner, and his attempt is often regarded to be of a higher accomplishment than those of the later poets Spenser or Browne.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=2088 (1824 words)

	ROBERT HENRYSON - LoveToKnow Article on ROBERT HENRYSON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He would appear to have been in lower orders, if, in addition to being master of the grammar-school, he, is the notary Robert Henryson who subscribes certain deeds in 1478.
		Henrysons longest, and in many respects his most original and effective work, is his Morall Fabillis of Esope, a collection of thirteen fables, chiefly based on the versions of Anonymus, Lydgate and Caxton.
		For a critical account of Henryson, see Irvings History of Scottish Poetry, Hendersons Vernacular Scottish Literature, Gregory Smiths Transition Period, J. Millars Literary History of Scotland, and the second volume of the Cambridge History of English Literature (1908).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HE/HENRYSON_ROBERT.htm (693 words)

	Henryson.bib.htm
		"Foxy Astrology in Henryson." Parergon 24 (1979): 25-29.
		"Henryson's Taill of the Wolf and the Wedder.
		Friedman, John B. "Henryson's Testament of Cresseid and the Judicio Solis in Conviviis Saturni of Simon Couvin." Modern Philology 83.1 (1985): 12-21.
	staff-www.uni-marburg.de /~kellerw/bibliographies/Henryson.bib.html (2870 words)

	BBC - Writing Scotland - The Response To Religion - Robert Henryson
		There is very little hard biographical fact regarding the life of the medieval poet, Robert Henryson, and what can be gleaned is simply patched and stitched together from scant evidence, historical, literary and otherwise.
		Dunbar also associates Henryson with the kingdom of Fife, and in early editions of his work, he is referred to as Dunfermline’s schoolmaster.
		We may never know the truth of Henryson’s life, but the portrait tentatively drawn by critics and historians is of a man of no small importance, in both civic and literary terms.
	www.bbc.co.uk /scotland/arts/writingscotland/learning_journeys/the_response_to_religion/robert_henryson (278 words)

	The Poems of Robert Henryson: Introduction
		Robert Henryson is a significant poetic voice of the late Middle Ages and the most important writer of fifteenth-century Scotland.
		Henryson's own testimony in his verse and an apocryphal story printed by Sir Francis Kinaston in 1639 suggest that he was indeed an old man at the time of his death.
		Henryson could not have foreseen the end of James IV, and however much of his life he spent during that King's reign must have raised his hopes that the promise of the Scottish monarchy would be fulfilled.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/teams/henryint.htm (2132 words)

	§4. Robert Henryson. X. The Scottish Chaucerians. Vol. 2. The End of the Middle Ages. The Cambridge History of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Of Robert Henryson, in some respects the most original of the Scottish Chaucerians, we know very little.
		A “Master Robert Henryson” was incorporated in 1462 in the university of Glasgow, which had been founded in 1451.
		His mastership at the Benedictine abbey grammar-school in Dunfermline and his notarial office (if he be the Robert Henryson who witnesses certain deeds in 1478) would-lead us to infer that he was in lower orders.
	www.bartleby.com /212/1004.html (290 words)

	type_Document_Title_here
		Henryson's tabloid-like revelations about Cresseid's private life (that after being rejected by Diomede she became a prostitute and finally died of leprosy) were the most memorable incidents of the story for many later readers.
		Henryson is less explicit, and his transformations of what are likely to be Chaucerian hints make the extent of his obligations harder to assess.
		Henryson not only creates similarly enclosed spaces (the narrator's oratory and the secret oratory within Calchas's house in which Cresseid meets her doom from the gods) but also contrasts these with the open road on which Troilus and Cresseid meet for the last time.
	www.geocities.com /growonder/chaucertroilus.html (5514 words)

	Robert Henryson -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is therefore likely that his first studies were completed abroad, at (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris or (Click link for more info and facts about Louvain) Louvain.
		He must have been in lower orders, if, in addition to being master of the (A secondary school emphasizing Latin and Greek in preparation for college) grammar school, he is the notary Robert Henryson who subscribes certain deeds in 1478.
		In the Testament of Cresseid, Henryson supplements (English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)) Geoffrey Chaucer's tale of Troilus with the story of the tragedy of Cresseid.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/robert_henryson.htm (554 words)

	ScotsteXt! Roughs
		Henryson's most Chaucerian gift, though it should be recognised as one distinctively Scottish, is his power of turning from pathos to humour, from the sublime to the ridiculous, in a line or phrase which breaks in upon the narrative like a spoken comment in the voice of the poet.
		Henrysons sense of humour is ever in evidence, and it has a quality that is recognisable in Scottish humour to this day.
		In Henryson the degree of Anglicisation varies according to the text used, as is obvious from a study of the footnotes.
	www.scotstext.org /roughs/robert_henryson/introduction.asp (7974 words)

	SLAINTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1462 a "master Robert Henryson" was incorporated into Glasgow University as a bachelor in canon law; it seems possible that this was the poet, as is also the case with the notary of the same name who was active in Dunfermline in 1478.
		Henryson is a master of easy, colloquial dialogue, dramatic irony, witty proverb-capping, puns and other word play.
		Although much admired by contemporaries, Henryson was largely forgotten in Scotland at the beginning of the seventeenth century, but in the twentieth century his reputation has soared.
	www.slainte.org.uk /scotauth/henrydsw.htm (460 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Robert Henryson
		As a poet he belongs to the group of Northern or Scottish Chaucerians, who, at a time when poetry in England was at a very low ebb, were practising the art of verse in a way worthy of the followers of Chaucer.
		His work shows much variety and consists of two rather long poems, the Testament of Cresseid, and Orpheus and Eurydice, of a collection of Morall Fabillis of Esope, with a prologue attached - and of a number of miscellaneous shorter poems, of which the pastoral dialogue of Robene and Makyne is the best known.
		Henryson, like all the Scottish Chaucerians, was a true lover of nature, which he describes carefully and vividly.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07238b.htm (385 words)

	intro
		Accordingly, in Henryson’s poem she is discarded by Diomedes and is reduced to little better than a disgraced camp-follower of the Greeks.
		Henryson’s sequel was sufficiently satisfactory that, beginning with Thynne’s 1542 edition, an anglicized version regularly came after Troilus in Renaissance volumes of Chaucer’s works.
		Hence he was obliged to omit one of Henryson’s stanzas, and also to compress the material of the others into seven lines.
	www.philological.bham.ac.uk /testament/intro.html (515 words)

	© - The thirteen moral fables of Robert Henryson (a modernised edition) - R.W.Smith
		This is a modernisation of one of Robert Henryson's greatest poems, his Morall Fabillis, and it has been undertaken with the purpose of introducing Henryson and his works to as wide a readership as possible.
		Henryson's metres and rhyme-schemes have been retained with exactitude, as well as his rhythms and timings, and, by adhering strictly to meaning in each stanza, his intentions.
		Henryson's Scots is highly literary, carefully crafted, the language of an educated social group - except when he has certain of his characters speaking.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /SESLL/STELLA/STARN/poetry/HENRYSON/fables/contents.htm (2000 words)

	Robert Henryson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Poems of Robert Henryson (1997), Edited by Robert L. Kindrick, TEAMS (University of Rochester): A terrific resource from The Consortium for the Teaching of the Middle Ages.
		Robert Henryson, University of Glasgow: A brief introduction to the writer.
		Robert Henryson: A Bibliography, Philipps-Universität Marburg: Available in both PDF and HTML format, this well-organized bibliography, compiled by Wolfram R.
	library.marist.edu /diglib/english/englishliterature/medieval-lit/henryson-robert.htm (324 words)

	Robert Henryson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Henryson graduated as a Licentiate in Arts and a Bachelor in Decrees of the University of Glasgow in 1462.
		Henryson's 'Testament' was inspired by Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Cressida, but penned a century later, has a more realistic, sinister and moralistic conclusion.
		Although Henryson's poetry is full of rich images and metaphors, this is the first time his work has been illustrated other than by simple woodcuts.
	members.aol.com /pinkhoose/henryson.html (300 words)

	[No title]
		Henryson's fable thus plays upon the slipperiness inherent in metaphoric language, language that Burke would say "borrows" between realms--the image of a jewel is borrowed from the natural realm and used to stand for valuable non-material qualities.
		Lydgate and Henryson's versions of this fable make clear that by the time they were writing, they assumed their readers would read the fables thinking in terms of a system of relative valuation, that it would "make sense" to them that a cock should look for food and leave jewels to princes.
		Henryson introduces an intricate legal framework, in other words, only to show that it has no impact whatsoever in resolving the issues with which it is supposed to deal.
	www.luc.edu /publications/medieval/vol17/17ch6.html (4334 words)

	Britain in Print
		We can infer from Dunbar's lines that Henryson* died in or shortly before 1505; that he was associated with the town of Dunfermline and that he was probably a university graduate holding the degree of Master, probably of Arts.
		There is evidence in Henryson's poetry that he was aware of legal procedures and the law, some thing to bear in mind as you read 'The Testament…'.
		There is no evidence, however, of Henryson attending university to obtain his Degree, but there are records that 'the honorable Mr Robert Henryson, Master of Arts and Bachelor of Canon Law' was incorporated into the University of Glasgow on 10th September 1462.
	www.britaininprint.net /learning/studytools_2.php (429 words)

	Henryson, Robert (c1420-c1490). Poet. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Henryson is grouped with the "Scottish Chaucerians" who included Dunbar, Blind Harry and Gavin Douglas.
		Henryson's poem is written in rhyme-royal and takes up the story with Cresseid, abandoned by Diomeid, returning to her father and being punished with leprosy for her blasphemy against Venus.
		Henryson's other major work is "The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian", a collection of thirteen fables only some of which derive from Aesop; others draw on the mediaeval beast-epic of Reynard the Fox.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~crumey/robert_henryson.html (274 words)

	Scottish Literature 1: Medieval & Renaissance Bibliography
		Burrow, J. ‘Henryson: The Preaching of the Swallow’, Essays in Criticism 25 (1975): 25-37.
		Kindrick, Robert L. ‘Henryson and the Rhetoricians: the ars praedicandi’, Scottish Studies 4 (1984): 255-70.
		MacDonald, Alasdair A. ‘Fervent Weather: a difficulty in Robert Henryson’s Testament of Cresseid’, Scottish Studies 4 (1984): 271-80.
	www.englit.ed.ac.uk /studying/undergrd/scottish_lit_1/Reading/renaissance.htm (2066 words)

	Bibliography of Middle English Database
		The Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian, from The poems of Robert Henryson.
		The Minor Poems of Robert Henryson, from The poems of Robert Henryson.
		Orpheus and Eurydice, from The Poems of Robert Henryson.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /orgs/ARTFL/biblio/me-texts.bib.html (1393 words)

	Full poem index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Funeral Rites of the Rose, Robert Herrick.
		Robert Levet, a Practiser in Physic, Samuel Johnson.
		O were my Love yon Lilac fair, Robert Burns.
	john.fremlin.org /pgbev/html-interface/full-index.html (1552 words)

	Robert Henryson- Famous Scots From Virtual Scotland
		1506) Of the facts of Robert Henryson's life, the only thing of which we can be fairly certain is that he was a schoolmaster in Dumfererline in Fifeshire.
		Henryson was one of the so-called 'Scottish Chaucerians' who were writing fine poetry while in England poets were hopelessly at sea.
		The language of Henryson, the courtly and literary language known as Middle Scots, is not so difficult as to put a willing reader off.
	www.virtualscotland.co.uk /scotland_articles/famous-scots/robert-henryson.htm (299 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Stewarts
		The Stewart dynasty descended from King Robert I's daughter and her husband, Walter the Steward.
		Stewart monarchs such as King James IV and VI were Renaissance patrons of artistic, scientific, commercial, religious and political endeavour, sponsoring figures including the poet Robert Henryson and humanist George Buchanan.
		Also of significance was the arrival in the mid-sixteenth century of the Reformation movement, bringing about the replacement of Catholic Mary Queen of Scots by her son King James VI.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page72.asp (208 words)

	Henryson, Robert on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His principal poem is The Testament of Cresseid, which was written as a harshly moral epilogue to Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde.
		In Henryson's version the heroine dies a destitute leper.
		Partly because of this poem, Henryson has been called a Scottish Chaucerian.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/H/Henryson.asp (259 words)

	henryson.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Burrow: 'Henryson: the Preaching of the Swallow', Essays in Criticism XXV, (1975), 25-37.
		Clark, 'Henryson and Æsop: the Fable Transformed', ELH 43, (1976), 1-18.
		W Jamieson, 'Henryson's Taill of the Wolf and the Wedder', Studies in Scottish Literature 6(1969), 248-57
	users.ox.ac.uk /~sjoh1193/henryson.html (110 words)

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