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	Robert Klark Graham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		'''Robert Klark Graham''' (1907-1997) was an American businessman who made millions by developing shatter-proof plastic eyeglass lenses, and who later founded the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank for geniuses in the hope of implementing a eugenics program.
		Initially, his intent was to obtain sperm only from Nobel laureates, but the scarcity of donors and the low viability of their sperm (because of age) forced Graham to develop a looser set of criteria.
		Graham's overriding goal was the genetic betterment of human population as well as solid nurture of newly conceived geniuses.
	robert-klark-graham.iqnaut.net (286 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2004051497
		Graham had the right-wing politics of a self-made millionaire, the relentless inquisitiveness of an inventor, the can-do spirit of an entrepreneur, and the moxie of a salesman.
		Graham was convinced that scientists would flock to his island, because he was sure they wanted what he wanted: an escape from the morons, weaklings, and imbeciles who increasingly dominated the rest of the world.
		Robert Graham was born into the local gentry—the respectable year-rounders who were acknowledged by the summer folk but not of them.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2004051497-s.html (2501 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon
		Graham and Paul also came up with the unique concept of a donor catalogue, where donors' hobbies, skills and interests were listed alongside their detailed bodily attributes.
		Although Graham was delighted, his delight soon soured when it was reported that the baby's parents had been previously convicted of child abuse.
		Graham's other legacy was that he truly changed the face of modern sperm banking, not just with the innovation of the donor catalogue, but also the previously unheard of concept where clients could actively choose donors.
	www.bbc.co.uk /sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/sperm.shtml (867 words)

	The genius generation \| Higher \| EducationGuardian.co.uk
		Graham, whose estate was picketed by demonstrators, hired guards to protect his precious vats of frozen sperm.
		Graham was prouder of the babies than he was of his own children, and was known to send them gifts.
		Before the genius sperm bank, donor insemination was an unpleasant business, with couples who sought it at the mercy of their doctor, who simply inseminated the woman with a vial of freshly collected sperm, source unknown.
	education.guardian.co.uk /higher/sciences/story/0,12243,1191884,00.html (1111 words)

	Robert Klark Graham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Klark Graham (1906-1997) Robert Klark Graham was born in Harbor Springs, Michigan.
		He was a eugenicist and businessman who made millions by developing shatter-proof plastic eyeglass lenses, and who later founded the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank for geniuses in the hope of implementing a eugenics program.
		By 1983, Graham's sperm bank was reputed to have 19 repeat genius donors, including William Bradford Shockley (1956 Nobel Prize in Physics and proponent of eugenics[1]) and two anonymous Nobel Prize winners in science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Klark_Graham (359 words)

	Boston Globe Online / Table of Contents
		The sperm bank was founded in 1979 as "a means of breeding higher intelligence" by Robert Klark Graham, a former optometrist who made a fortune after pioneering techniques that led to shatterproof plastic eyeglass lenses.
		Graham, 76, was described at his home north of San Diego as being unavailable for comment.
		Graham's spokesman said he refused to identify himself in order that secretaries not recognize him when he calls on potential sperm donors.
	www.boston.com /globe/search/stories/nobel/1982/1982ae.html (423 words)

	The genius generation \| Life \| Guardian Unlimited
		Graham was a latecomer to the eugenic ideas that had enthralled America and Britain in the early 20th century.
		Graham, though an unabashed elitist, upended the hierarchy of donor insemination.
		Graham used the best science of his day to programme the kids for success.
	www.guardian.co.uk /life/feature/story/0,13026,1191592,00.html (1131 words)

	Robert Graham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Cunninghame-Grahame of Gartmore (1735–1797), Scottish politician and poet
		Robert Klark Graham (born 1907–1997), American eugenicist, businessman, and founder of the Repository for Germinal Choice
		Robert Graham (beverage), invented in Jamacia in the early 1990's.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Graham (201 words)

	INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT K. GRAHAM
		Robert K. Graham was co-founder and director of the Repository for Germinal Choice, a California-based sperm bank which stores and distributes the sperm of Nobel Prize winners and other men of exceptional ability.
		GRAHAM: Early in my life it dawned on me that bright people--at least the desirable citizens, the ones who carry on the real planning and doing in the community--weren't reproducing themselves.
		GRAHAM: Our present system is to ask in the questionnaire we send the potential recipient "Will you tell any child born of this arrangement the Repository number assigned to the germinal father?" If they agree to do that, then we make no special demands on them in that respect.
	www.eugenics.net /papers/eb3.html (2649 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Magazine \| The genius sperm bank
		But Graham was offering more than genius sperm, he was offering "healthy and intelligent" women freedom of choice, where couples could choose the donor whose characteristics they prefer.
		All Robert Klark Graham did was to provide a dating service for sperms and eggs and to say it was eugenics is a bit simplistic.
		This was a very interesting article, if graham's experiment did actually work, then he is already responsible for a number of great things namely 217 things, but without ever actually knowing how most of the children have turned out, then there is no way of knowing.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/magazine/5078800.stm (1544 words)

	.:: THE BANGLADESH OBSERVER - Net Edition ::. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This became the right environment for the American millionaire Robert Klark Graham to hatch his plan for breeding an entire generation of geniuses.
		Graham was prepared to take this further and 25 years ago he set up a sperm bank to collect sperm from Nobel laureates in science – sperm he would distribute only to intelligent women.
		Unfortunately for Graham, or fortunately for mankind, depending on which way one looks at it, the scheme soon made him a pariah, as it elicited accusations of racism and elitism.
	www.bangladeshobserveronline.com /new/2004/04/24/editorial.htm (2901 words)

	Answers In Action: Genius Generation Genetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		That was the thought of American millionaire Robert Klark Graham, who opened his Nobel Prize sperm bank in the late 1970s to make the sperm of Nobel Prize winners available to women who wanted above all else to give birth to future geniuses.
		Graham was ridiculed, called a rascist, and threatened in his time.
		Our evolutionary advances had equipped us to have the luxury of sustaining the lives, not just of the fittest, but of the unfit and "degenerate." Graham warned that allowing "retrograde humans" to reproduce would soon plunge humanity into a genetic swamp of inferiority and a return to primitive status.
	www.answers.org /news/article.php?story=20040415131440622&mode=print (432 words)

	The genius generation - Science - www.theage.com.au
		Graham expected adulation and a rush of donors, but, instead, he became a national villain.
		Graham, whose estate was picketed by demonstrators, hired guards to protect his precious frozen sperm.
		Graham’s sperm bank had a big impact on the fertility business.
	theage.com.au /articles/2004/08/23/1093246439231.html (898 words)

	The genius sperm bank
		Already famous as the inventor of the shatterproof spectacle lens, 70-year-old Graham was set to turn his hand to a much more infamous career.
		Courtney Ramm is a gifted student But Graham was offering more than genius sperm, he was offering "healthy and intelligent" women freedom of choice, where couples could choose the donor whose characteristics they prefer.
		Graham took it upon himself to recruit donors and it was on one such expedition in February 1997, that the 90-year-old Graham died.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1650368/posts (1694 words)

	Eugenics Encyclopedia Article @ Lingered.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It did, however, have scientific detractors (notably, Thomas Hunt Morgan, one of the few Mendelians to explicitly criticize eugenics), though most of these focused more on what they considered the crude methodology of eugenicists, and the characterization of almost every human characteristic as being hereditary, rather than the idea of eugenics itself.
		One attempted implementation of a form of eugenics was a "genius sperm bank" (1980–99) created by Robert Klark Graham, from which nearly 230 children were conceived (the best known donor was Nobel Prize winner William Shockley).
		In the novels Methuselah's Children and Time Enough for Love by Robert A. Heinlein, a large trust fund is created to give financial encouragement to marriage among people (the Howard Families) whose parents and grandparents were long lived.
	www.lingered.org /encyclopedia/Eugenics (7958 words)

	Hawaii Reporter: Hawaii Reporter
		The controversy behind this institution was that it only accepted sperm from Nobel Prize winners and Olympic athletes, and it required that a woman could only receive it if she were sane and had an IQ above 140.
		Graham admitted, “Nobelists are so old that female recipients were turned off.
		So Graham decided that anyone who was a “potential Nobelist” could donate, and any well-adjusted woman could solicit the bank’s service.
	www.hawaiireporter.com /story.aspx?fa8165da-1e63-4efe-a233-bcf0e4ed7312 (767 words)

	The Civic Platform - A Political Journal of Ideas and Analysis » The genius sperm bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While at a dinner party botany professor Jim Bidlack was asked by Graham if he would be willing to provide him with a specimen that very evening.
		He stumbled across the story while interviewing a researcher at a zoo, contacted Graham and was invited over for an interview.
		“At Graham’s bank they weren’t just accepting men that came in to apply, they were actually going out and looking for men that were healthy, smart and good looking.
	www.thecivicplatform.com /2006/06/15/the-genius-sperm-bank (1431 words)

	Robert Klark Graham, USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Robert Klark Graham pensionerade sig 1974 från sitt mycket framgångsrika arbete med kontaktlinser, men fortsatte som president och ordförande för Armorlite tills dess att det såldes till 3M år 1978.
		Robert Klark Graham inledde sin kampanj redan 1970 med boken "The Future of Man", som idag säljs i pocketupplaga.
		Graham avled 1997 i Seattle under ett besök på en kongress.
	www.tommyryden.com /access/graham.htm (216 words)

	Amazon.com: The Genius Factory: The Curious History of the Nobel Prize Sperm Bank: Books: David Plotz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Graham's experiment, which did produce dozens of non-Nobel babies, was a success in one regard: it made for a heck of a story.
		Plotz has fun poking holes in the eugenic vision of the repository's founder, self-made millionaire Robert Graham, and his ambition to collect "the Godiva of sperm." More captivating, however, is Plotz's recounting of the efforts of the women who visited the repository to discover the identities of their donors.
		Likewise, the efforts of "Dr." Robert Graham (an Optometrist) to create a sperm bank contributed to only by Nobel Laureates in order to improve what he saw as the degenerating quality of the human species is, again, fascinating and perhaps even important.
	www.amazon.com /Genius-Factory-Curious-History-Nobel/dp/1400061245 (2849 words)

	Groonk's Newsmine 2.0: The Genius Sperm Bank was Ethically Questionable
		American millionaire Robert Klark Graham created a Genius Sperm Bank inorder to "breed-out" the "retrograde humans".
		Graham apparently missed his target time period and was sore about that ever since.
		But Doron is not convinced by Graham's grand plan for creating more intelligent people.
	www.groonk.net /blog/mt-archives/005288.php (358 words)

	: Sperm bank of Nobel Prize Winners fails to produce hundreds of child prodigies
		Graham, who was a racist, always thought that humans retrograded.
		Graham decided to bring his plan to life in his own mansion in Escondido, California.
		After Shockley's death Robert Graham hoped to continue his project but it began to lose its positions.
	funreports.com /fun/07-03-2006/1343-spermnobelprizewinnersgeniu-0 (601 words)

	Eugenics - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		One of the earliest modern advocates of eugenic ideas (before they were labeled as such) was Alexander Graham Bell, best known as one of the inventors of the telephone.
		Many eugenicists of the previous period engaged in what they at one point labeled "crypto-eugenics," purposefully taking their eugenic beliefs "underground" and becoming highly-respected anthropologists, biologists, and geneticists in the post-war world, such as Robert Yerkes in the USA and Otmar von Verschuer in Germany.
		One of the best known recent cases of attempting to implement a form of eugenics in practice was a "genius sperm bank" (1980-1999) created by Robert Klark Graham, from which nearly 230 children were conceived (the best known donor was Nobel Prize winner William Shockley).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=9737 (3569 words)

	Eugenics - ExampleProblems.com
		From its inception, eugenics (derived from the Greek "well born" or "good breeding") was supported by prominent thinkers (including Alexander Graham Bell and W.E.B. DuBois) and was an academic discipline at many colleges and universities.
		Many pre-war eugenicists engaged in what they later labeled "crypto-eugenics," purposefully taking their eugenic beliefs "underground" and becoming highly-respected anthropologists, biologists and geneticists in the post-war world (including Robert Yerkes in the USA and Otmar von Verschuer in Germany).
		One attempted implementation of a form of eugenics was a "genius sperm bank" (1980-1999) created by Robert Klark Graham, from which nearly 230 children were conceived (the best known donor was Nobel Prize winner William Shockley).
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Eugenics (5578 words)

	anders Engels Wasp Reporter Verslagen \| scholieren.com
		Graham had to hide himself, and he even had to hire bodyguards for protecting the sperm that he had collected.
		When Graham suddenly died, his family closed the bank, but the files and identities remained secret.
		But the whole idea had something good in it, cause now there are sperm banks that are more costumers’ friendly, than Graham’s bank ever was.
	www.scholieren.com /werkstukken/23384 (1306 words)

	Rev. Robert A. Graham — Infoplease.com
		From the glass house to the White House: Bill Clinton may have found a soul brother in his new friend the Rev. Robert Schuller.
		Cracked voices: identification and ideology in Graham Swift's Waterland.
		Modernism's Shell-Shocked History: Amnesia, Repetition, and the War in Graham Greene's The Ministry of Fear.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0197712.html (171 words)

	klark: ::: TEKNIK ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Fribble, 07/30/97:The Klark Kent Fribble by Selena Maranjian
		Robert Klark Graham (1907-1997) American eugenicist and businessman who made millions by developing shatter-proof plastic eyeglass lenses, and.
		Klark Teknik at heart of prestigious european projects.
	beehivedonkey.org /klark.html (271 words)

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