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	Robert Lowell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Lowell (March 1, 1917–September 12, 1977), born Robert Traill Spence Lowell, IV, was a highly regarded mid-twentieth-century American poet.
		Robert Lowell was born into the Boston Brahmin family that included Amy Lowell and James Russell Lowell.
		Lowell died in 1977, suffering a heart attack in a cab in New York City, and is buried in Stark Cemetery, Dunbarton, New Hampshire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Lowell (726 words)

	Robert Lowell
		Lowell was called the father of the confessional poets, a term used to describe among others Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, and John Berryman.
		Robert Lowell was born in Boston as the son of Robert Traill Spence Lowell, a naval officer, and Charlotte (Winslow) Lowell, the dominating figure in the family.
		In 1949 Lowell was hospitalized for mania at Baldpate Hospital in Georgetown, Massachusetts.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /rlowell.htm (1311 words)

	Robert Lowell: Biographical Note
		Robert Traill Spence Lowell was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 1 March 1917.
		Lowell's reputation as a leading poet of the new generation was consolidated.
		In 1948, Lowell and Stafford divorced and in 1949 Lowell married Elizabeth Hardwick, a young writer from Kentucky who was already moving with ease among the New York community of writers and intellectuals.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/g_l/lowell/bio.htm (1202 words)

	Poets.org - Poetry, Poems, Bios & More - Robert Lowell
		Robert Lowell was born in 1917 into one of Boston's oldest and most prominent families.
		Lowell was politically involved—he became a conscientious objector during the Second World War and was imprisoned as a result, and actively protested against the war in Vietnam—and his personal life was full of marital and psychological turmoil.
		Robert Lowell served as a Chancellor of The Academy of American Poets from 1962 until his death in 1977.
	www.poets.org /poet.php/prmPID/10 (420 words)

	The Unfinishable Robert Lowell
		Lowell would have agreed, but what is remarkable in his case is the degree to which this act of self-making could be shared—as if the self were no essential thing but an entity produced from the social interaction afforded by language.
		Lowell did not alter the form of “The Mills of the Kavanaughs” (both versions are written in rhymed sixteen-line stanzas), but he drastically reduced the entire poem’s investment in Catholicism, embracing a worldview in which change is the ultimate value.
		That Lowell’s poems have sometimes appeared to reinforce those associations is a testament to the ways in which his power as a maker of taste has occluded his power as a maker of poems.
	www.bostonreview.net /BR28.3/longenbach.html (1996 words)

	Robert Lowell
		Lowell dropped the pentameter line in favor of one that was shorter and freer, and he discovered so-called confessional poetry: he wrote about his family and his ancestors, about his own breakdowns and depressions.
		Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV was born in Boston in 1917 — scion of Winslows and Lowells, Boston's oldest, most illustrious clans — and the only child of a weak-willed, mumbling naval officer, Robert Lowell III, and his cold, overbearing wife, Charlotte Winslow Lowell.
		Lowell's ambiguous sketch of President Johnson (''girdled by his establishment/this Sunday morning, free to chaff/his own thoughts with his bear-cuffed staff, /swimming nude, unbuttoned, sick/of his ghost-written rhetoric!'') is charged with the static of skeptical words and phrases.
	www.arlindo-correia.com /080104.html (12171 words)

	[No title]
		Lowell, who was writing at the same time but was a generation older, and who was an academic square compared to Berrigan the hippie, was too humorless and too formalist to really play with and deconstruct the form as Berrigan did.
		Lowell suffered from mental illness for all his life, and he was also a very willful, stubborn, aristocratic person who brought a lot of his troubles on himself.
		Robert Lowell was fascinated by power and deliberately cultivated a sort of brassy ennobled fame-aura for himself, a cult of celebrity, acolytes.
	www.mipoesias.com /April2004/tres1lowell.htm (8374 words)

	Robert Lowell: "For the Union Dead" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Robert Lowell was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1917 into an historical family.
		Lowell attempted to enlist upon the U.S. declaring war in 1941, but was rejected on the grounds of physical unfitness.
		Lowell's third wife is not mentioned; his conversion to Catholicism is mentioned whereas his later renunciation of faith is not) and a bibliography containing short references to two editions of collected poems by Lowell, and to a number of monographs on Lowell.
	lieven.studentenweb.org /old/Robert_Lowell.html (2479 words)

	Lowell, Robert. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A grandnephew of James Russell Lowell, in 1940 he converted to Roman Catholicism and married the writer Jean Stafford.
		Lowell’s poetry is individualistic and intense, rich in symbolism and marked by great technical skill.
		Lowell often used his life as raw material for his verse, writing, for instance, of his family, his relationships with his wives, and his frequent bouts of depression and madness.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/LowellR.html (380 words)

	Amazon.ca: Collected Poems: Books: Robert Lowell,David Gewanter,Frank Bidart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When Lowell introduces the private and the personal into poetry, he is doing so in conversation with an unsympathetic tradition; ‘confessing’ in conversation to a progenitor like Allen Tate is quite different than confessing after Lowell (one need only think of the direction confession was taken by a student of Lowell’s, Anne Sexton).
		What we actually find in Lowell and in his generation of “confessionalists” is not so much the assumption of language’s transparency as a thoroughgoing interest in the ways in which language doesn’t so much reflect as construct the world (and, concomitantly, the self).
		Lowell's work evinces a contagious earnestness about writing (and rewriting) poetry in a bid for immortality, and an intellectual aggressiveness that is more ethical than metaphysical in nature (like Auden, Lowell's pacifist politics were often transparent).
	www.amazon.ca /Collected-Poems-Robert-Lowell/dp/0374126178 (2019 words)

	Voices and Visions Spotlight -- Robert Lowell
		Considered the leading poet of his generation, Robert Lowell in his early work examined history--employing the past to make commentaries on the present.
		Although severely injured in an automobile accident in which Lowell was driving, Jean Stafford, the novelist and short story writer, later married the poet.
		James Russell Lowell's poem "The Vision of Sir Launfal" is a "democratization of the Grail story." The poem, along with comments about it and its author, are part of the University of Rochester's stunning Camelot Project.
	www.learner.org /catalog/extras/vvspot/Lowell.html (417 words)

	Robert Lowell - The Death of Robert Lowell
		Lowell was the last great public poet in the U. S., one who had more than once managed to reshape the direction of modern American poetry.
		This was written after Lowell had spent six months in the federal prison in Danbury, Connecticut, in 1944 for refusing President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's request to report for the military draft.
		For Lowell, the Allied bombing of the Ruhr Valley, which had resulted in the wide-scale deaths of German civilians, meant that any thought that America was still fighting a just war, as defined by Catholic social teaching, was a sham.
	www.todayinliterature.com /stories.asp?Event_Date=9/12/1977 (673 words)

	Why read 1,200 pages of Robert Lowell? - By A.O. Scott - Slate Magazine
		Kenyon, where Lowell went to study with John Crowe Ransome and Allen Tate, was the northern outpost of the Southern Agrarians, a group of writers who saw the traditional values of the South as an antidote to modern technological capitalism.
		Lowell's beliefs were sincere, but they were also, given the nature of his ambitions, quite useful.
		It is the entirety of that story—the saga of an audacious maker struggling with the raw materials of history, personality, and language—that gives so many of the poems their aura of courage and pathos.
	www.slate.com /id/2084651 (2055 words)

	Poetry: Robert Lowell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It includes a photograph of Robert Lowell; a reliable biography; links to Lowell's influences and contemporaries, including John Berryman, Sylvia Plath, Elizabeth Bishop, and Allen Tate; a selected bibliography of Lowell's poetry, prose, translations, and plays; and an examination of the way confessional poetry changed American literature.
		Robert Lowell (1917-1977) spent much of his life as a poet reacting to cultural and historical influences that threatened to define him and to define American literature as well.
		Lowell also found himself in conflict with tradition when he protested both World War II and the Vietnam War and as he wrestled with the place of religion in poetry, with the morality of capitalism, and with the vicissitudes of three marriages.
	www.bedfordstmartins.com /litlinks/poetry/rlowell.htm (342 words)

	Poetry Daily Prose Feature: Stephen Yenser on Robert Lowell's Collected Poems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Robert Lowell will be in the canon forever, partly because he wrote several perdurable poems and one watershed book, Life Studies, which cleared the ground for new construction as no book had since The Waste Land.
		True, Lowell is predominantly a Prosperian poet, rather than an Arielian poet, to invoke W H. Auden's terms in his essay on Frost, who was the first major poet (Auden deemed him Prosperian) Lowell asked for criticism.
		Indeed, Lowell is often Prosperian with a vengeance — interested in truth rather than beauty, in the sad condition of the world and the possibility of its rectification rather than in wit and wordplay.
	www.poems.com /essayens.htm (3161 words)

	Robert Lowell: Death of an Elfking
		Robert’s mother was a Winslow, descendant of one of the early governors of Massachusetts.
		Lowell’s early poetry used Christian symbolism but in a curious form: he expressed his anger because the world was not as Christian as he thought it ought to be.
		Robert Lowell’s funeral service in the Church of the Advent, Boston, was like a requiem for an elfking at the edge of an enchanted forest.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=1193 (2628 words)

	Robert Lowell Papers, Biographical Sketch
		American poet Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV was born in Boston on March 1, 1917, to Robert Traill Spence Lowell III and Charlotte Winslow Lowell, a relation of writers James Russell Lowell and Amy Lowell.
		In addition to being the descendant of poets, Lowell encountered and was taught by numerous prominent poets during his classicist education.
		Lowell was married to Jean Stafford (1940, divorced 1948), to Elizabeth Hardwick (1949, divorced 1972), and to Caroline Blackwood (1972), and had two children, Harriet Winslow Lowell (born 1957) and Robert Sheridan Lowell (born 1971).
	www.hrc.utexas.edu /research/fa/lowell.bio.html (608 words)

	ROBERT LOWELL
		Lowell, though born of the Winslows, the Starks, and the Lowells, and perhaps our last intellectual New England poet, is nonetheless not a parochial Boston voice.
		How Lowell came to this nihilism is not clear; political and marital discouragement, the weariness of twenty years of cyclical mania and depression, and repeated, inevitable hospitalization would suffice, even without the blighting of Lowell's own generation by insanity, suicide, and tragedy.
		Lowell is not at his best in describing the chaos of present relation; Life Studies benefited from the haze, the selective screens of memory, which refined the dramatis personae into effigies of themselves, sepulchral statues fixed in eternally characteristic positions.
	www.arlindo-correia.com /100104.html (5067 words)

	Robert Lowell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lowell, whose New England ancestors included James Russell and Amy Lowell, was associated with nearly all the important American poets of the first half of this century.
		In his "Introduction" to Lowell's first book, his mentor Tate provided a brilliant summary of current themes and future directions in Lowell's work, pointing to tendencies toward intellectualized Christian symbolism and a more personal, historical vision.
		Lowell revised his work extensively over the course of his career, and most of the poems in Land of Unlikeness have never been reprinted in their original form.
	www.lib.udel.edu /ud/spec/exhibits/treasures/american/lowell.html (187 words)

	Salon.com Audio \| Robert Lowell
		Robert Lowell was born in 1917 in Boston.
		Lowell worked as an editor and as a teacher at several institutions, including the State University of Iowa, the Kenyon School of Letters, Boston University, Harvard University, the University of Essex, and Kent University, among others.
		Listen to Robert Lowell read his poems "Skunk Hour (for Elizabeth Bishop)" and "Dunbarton," taken from the audio collection The Voice Of The Poet, courtesy of Random House Audio.
	www.salon.com /audio/2000/10/05/lowell (347 words)

	[minstrels] Skunk Hour -- Robert Lowell
		Interestingly, Lowell himself says (see links) that "The first four stanzas are meant to give a dawdling more or less amiable picture of a declining Maine sea town"; however, my reading of the poem was closer to Axelrod's The amiability of his tone is a ruse.
		The skunks, for all their infusion of energy and life into the scene, sustain the overall image of decay and desuetude - the final impression is of a rather grim desolation in which nature and the detritus of civilisation have sunk into a sort of weary equilibrium.
		From: Judith Louise While I hesitate to criticize Robert Lowell, the subtle bigotry of "our fairy decorator" left a sour taste, especially when you consider that Elizabeth Bishop herself was a lesbian.
	www.cs.rice.edu /~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/1309.html (661 words)

	The lifelong extremes of Robert Lowell \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Robert Lowell set off the literary equivalent of an atomic bomb when he published "Life Studies" in 1959.
		Lowell won his second Pulitzer for "The Dolphin," which is dedicated to Caroline Blackwell, his third wife.
		But when Lowell is viewed from a distance, one can see what his work is worth, with its leaps and occasional missteps of logic, its genteel veneer or residue.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/1016/p18s01-bogn.html (790 words)

	robert Lowell
		At the beginning of Lowell's career, he made a powerful impression with his composition, "The Land of Unlikeliness." Through this work, he sought to reflect his views and opinions as well as his life and the struggles that he had endured.
		This "Catholic symbolism" was an undeniable characteristic of Lowell's early adventures as an author.
		Lowell knew that religion was a central part of the lives of many Americans during that time and he used it effectively by incorporating religion into modern popular literature, a technique that was very effective for writer Nathaniel Hawthorne.
	www.uncp.edu /home/canada/work/allam/edit/lowellr.htm (1715 words)

	MRC FilmFinder-Full Record: Robert Lowell
		In this segment of the PBS Annenberg series on modern American poets subtitled: A Mania for Phrases, the life and works of Robert Lowell are examined.
		Lowell is seen reading and discussing his poems Fall 1961 and Skunk Hour.
		Other poets pay tribute to Lowell and his work and how it influenced many of them and their styles.
	www.lib.unc.edu /house/mrc/films/full.php?film_id=7886 (125 words)

	Robert Lowell - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The divergent and controversial voices in these essays testify to radical disparities among Lowell's "endless experiments" and to the complexity and endurance of his work.
		Robert Lowell: the fall from prophecy to irony Albert Gelpi; 4.
		Poétes Maudits of the genteel tradition: Lowell and Berryman Marjorie Perloff; 7.
	www.cambridge.org /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521378036 (359 words)

	Robert Lowell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Robert Lowell is one of the most widely recognised and influential poets of the second half of this century.
		Many previous studies of the poet have accounted for these radical differences in Lowell's work by examining the poet's private life, but this collection of essays attempts to reassess Lowell's poetry and to restimulate critical thinking about it by focusing on his texts to raise new questions and discussions about the work.
		Employing a variety of methodologies, the essays arrive at innovative and, often, controversial interpretations of Lowell's poems.
	www.litencyc.com /php/adpage.php?id=612 (195 words)

	Robert Lowell - MSN Encarta
		"The Death of the Sheriff" by Robert Lowell
		Find more about Lowell, Robert Traill Spence, Jr.
		Search Encarta for Lowell, Robert Traill Spence, Jr.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761560988/Robert_Lowell.html (97 words)

	Robert Lowell
		An introduction to Robert Lowell from the Literary Encyclopedia, 30 March 2001.
		The middle generation: the lives and poetry of Delmore Schwartz, Randall Jarrell, John Berryman, and Robert Lowell.
		Brief biography of Robert Lowell from the Academy of American Poets
	www.literaryhistory.com /20thC/Lowell.htm (473 words)

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