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Topic: Robert Merton

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	Robert K. Merton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merton argues that the central orientation of functionalism is in interpreting data by their consequences for larger structures in which they are implicated.
		Merton is also interested in the persistence of societies and defines functions that make for the adaptation of a given social system.
		Merton carried out extensive research into the sociology of science, developing the Merton Thesis explaining some of the causes of the scientific revolution, and the "Mertonian norms" of science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_K._Merton (1283 words)

	Robert C. Merton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Cox Merton (born July 31, 1944), a leading scholar in the field of finance, was one of three men who, in the early 1970s, developed the mathematics of the stock options markets.
		Merton was born in New York, New York and received his Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering Mathematics from the School of Engineering and Applied Science of Columbia University.
		Robert Merton and Myron Scholes were on the board of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge fund company founded by John Meriwether that folded in 1998.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Carhart_Merton (503 words)

	Margaret Evans
		Robert Merton was born in 1910 in Philadelphia to immigrant parents (Hunt, 1961:54).
		Robert Merton’s contributions to Criminology and Sociology may also be measured in the amount of response that he has received with regard to his anomie perspective.
		Merton (1957: 177-179) agreed with Cohen’s statement saying that his theory of anomie is designed to account for some, but not all forms of deviant behavior customarily described as delinquent or criminal.
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/merton.htm (5483 words)

	Columbia News ::: Renowned Columbia Sociologist and National Medal of Science Winner Robert K. Merton Dies at 92
		Robert K. Merton, the esteemed Columbia University sociologist, and one of America's trailblazers in the social sciences, died Sunday, February 23rd in New York at the age of 92.
		Merton, who lived in Manhattan, was an institution at Columbia, joining the faculty in 1941 and helping to build one of the most prominent sociology departments in the world through the relentless pursuit of subtle patterns in society.
		Merton is survived by his wife, sociologist Harriet Zuckerman; one son, Robert C. Merton; two daughters, Stephanie Tombrello and Vanessa Merton; nine grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/news/03/02/robertKMerton.html (1261 words)

	SIAM News
		Robert Merton (center), whose community lecture on mathematics in finance found a receptive audience in Toronto, is welcomed by SIAM president John Guckenheimer and Joyce McLaughlin, chair of the SIAM Board of Trustees.
		Merton likened the challenge awaiting the industry to that faced by a ballerina, who is expected to make even the most difficult jumps, attitudes, and pirouettes appear effortless to the audience.
		What Merton did not address---in part because he was not asked about it---is the nagging suspicion that risk management is a kind of "protection racket" in which new risks are created by the same globalizing multinational elite that earns so much of its income by selling insurance against commercial risk.
	www.siam.org /siamnews/09-98/merton.htm (1848 words)

	Robert K. Merton Remembered
		Merton was born July 4, 1910, and his extraordinary life story evokes both a very American trajectory appropriate to the holiday birthday and the universalism of science.
		Merton was perhaps the last of an extraordinary generation of sociologists whose work shaped the basic definition of the discipline in the mid-20th century.
		Merton was a master of the brief essay, which he used to unearth causal mechanisms with claims to some universality and often labeled by phrases as memorable as jingles.
	www.asanet.org /footnotes/mar03/indextwo.html (5256 words)

	HBS Publications - Robert C. Merton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Merton, Robert C. An Analytical Derivation of the Efficient Portfolio Frontier." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 10 (September 1972).
		Merton, Robert C. "On the Role of the Wiener Process in Finance Theory and Practice: The Case of Replicating Portfolios." In The Legacy of Norbert Wiener: A Centennial Symposium.
		Merton, Robert C. "On the Mathematics and Economic Assumptions of Continuous-Time Financial Models." In Financial Economics: Essays in Honor of Paul Cootner, edited by W. Sharpe and C. Cootner.
	dor.hbs.edu /fi_redirect.jhtml?facInfo=pub&facEmId=rmerton (2596 words)

	Robert C. Merton's Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Merton was assistant professor (1970-73), associate professor (1973-74), professor (1974-80), and J.C. Penny Professor of Management (1980-88) in the finance area of MIT's Sloan School of Management.
		Merton's research is focused on developing finance theory in the areas of capital markets and financial institutions.
		Merton is a principal and one of the founders of Long-Term Capital Management, L.P., a financial technology and proprietary trading firm.
	myphlip.pearsoncmg.com /phbios/merton.html (570 words)

	Robert Merton Bios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Merton was born on July 5, 1910 in Philadelphia, Pa. Merton speaks English, French, German, Italian, and Latin.
		Merton wrote about the dysfunctional aspects of bureaucracy and was one of the first social scientists to reveal the inefficiencies and "red tape" related to bureaucracies.
		Robert Merton has been one of the most influential theorists of this century and has gained recognition and praise for his numerous works including: Social Theory and Social Structure (New York: Free Press, 1949; rev. ed.
	www.utexas.edu /coc/journalism/SOURCE/j363/merton.html (690 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Merton, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Merton, Thomas MERTON, THOMAS [Merton, Thomas] 1915-68, American religious writer and poet, b.
		He was lord chancellor from 1261 to 1263, was reappointed after the death of Henry III (1272), and was made bishop of Rochester in 1274.
		Merton, Robert King MERTON, ROBERT KING [Merton, Robert King] 1910-2003, American sociologist, b.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Merton, (542 words)

	Risk magazine - Lifetime achievement award — Robert Merton
		Merton predicted that ‘life options’ could help individuals hedge the risks and expenses we all face — illness, retirement, school fees, marriage, divorce — but which we face at different times and in infinite numbers of permutations.
		Merton uses his own work to demonstrate to students how market need drives the adoption of academic work — the option pricing model was embraced immediately; the firm-value insight took 28 years to really catch on.
		Merton believes the time is ripe for integrated finance — and has launched a company of the same name to pursue this grail.
	www.risk.net /public/showPage.html?page=9107 (944 words)

	A scholar's serendipity - The Boston Globe
		THE SOCIOLOGIST Robert K. Merton, who died a year ago this month at the age of 92, had a genius for plucking fascinating phenomena out of thin air, giving them names, and changing the way we see the world.
		Merton first stumbled on it in the Oxford English Dictionary as a graduate student in the 1930s.
		Merton's afterword also includes a moving autobiographical sketch that remarks on the serendipity of a working-class boy from Philadelphia growing up down the street from a well-stocked and intelligently staffed public library.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/02/01/a_scholars_serendipity?mode=PF (824 words)

	Merton, Robert King - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		MERTON, ROBERT KING [Merton, Robert King] 1910-2003, American sociologist, b.
		Merton developed such concepts as the "self-fulfilling prophecy," "role model," "deviant behavior," and focus groups.
		Merton's model lives on: hedge funds have seized on bond/equity price disparities to make money.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-merton-r1.html (329 words)

	Merton's Strain Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It differs somewhat from Durkheim's in that Merton argued that the real problem is not created by a sudden social change, as Durkheim proposed, but rather by a social structure that holds out the same goals to all its members without giving them equal means to achieve them.
		Merton's theory does not focus upon crime persay, but rather upon various acts of deviance, which may be understood to lead to criminal behavior.
		Merton presents five modes of adapting to strain caused by the restricted access to socially approved goals and means.
	home.comcast.net /~ddemelo/crime/mert_strain.html (418 words)

	Question and Revelation: Thomas Merton's Recovery of the Ground of Birth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Merton grasped, with mingled joy and pain, that he and his father were "in each other all along." And he further grasped that the search for his father was, as it invariably must be, a search for himself.
		Owen Heathcote Grierson Merton was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1887, and died in London in 1931.
		Thomas Merton was proud of his parents, proud of who he thought they were, proud of the fact that they were artists, proud of the fact that they had not "run with the herd" - many of the qualities that would later be attributed by others to him.
	www.thomasmertonsociety.org /daggy.htm (8068 words)

	BookRags: Robert K. Merton Biography
		Robert K. Merton was a sociologist, educator, and internationally regarded academic statesman for sociology in contemporary research and social policy.
		Merton inferentially demonstrated the basic fragility of such normal forms of social regulation as formal leadership, dominant cultural values, and professional standards.
		After the mid-1960s Merton immersed himself in the sociology of science, the study of major cultural and organizational factors in the work of scientists (principally in the physical and biological sciences).
	www.bookrags.com /biography/robert-k-merton-soc (893 words)

	Amazon.ca: On Social Structure and Science: Books: Robert King Merton,Piotr Sztompka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Robert K. Merton is unarguably one of the most influential sociologists of his time.
		A figure whose wide-ranging theoretical and methodological contributions have become fundamental to the field, Merton is best known for introducing such concepts and procedures as unanticipated consequences, self-fulfilling prophecies, focused group interviews, middle-range theory, opportunity structure, and analytic paradigms.
		Merton's foundational writings on social structure and process, on the sociology of science and knowledge, and on the discipline and trajectory of sociology itself are all powerfully represented, as are his autobiographical insights in a fascinating coda.
	www.amazon.ca /Social-Structure-Science-Robert-Merton/dp/0226520714 (254 words)

	Robert Merton
		Robert Merton argues that both human goals and constraints on behaviour are socially based(we learn them), and that desires are socially derived, via socialisation, into cultural goals such as occupational status or financial success.
		Merton argues that strain occurs as a result of the frustrations and injustices emerging from the interrelationship between cultural goals, cultural norms and the institutionalised opportunities available within the social structure.
		Merton's analysis suggests that deviant behaviour is functional, first for the individuals involved, since it enables them to adapt to the circumstances in which they find themselves, and second for society as a whole, since modes of individual adaptation help to maintain the boundaries between acceptable and non-acceptable forms of behaviour
	www.rouncefield.homestead.com /files/a_soc_dev_14.htm (693 words)

	House Atreides - Robert K. Merton
		And, finally, Merton acknowledges that not all social actions contribute positively to the social fabric.
		Merton recognizes five levels of relationship to the norms of the unit which vary according to the individual’s acceptance of either the Goals of the Society or its Means, or both, or Neither.
		or me, it is Merton’s stress on the necessity of examining social phenomena for their unintended consequences, for the "unadvertised" effects they produce, that is most striking.
	www.cdharris.net /text/merton.html (486 words)

	Robert Merton
		At the end of each session Mr Merton asked any in the group who did not need to dash away to stay behind and discuss the radio shows in some detail: they should focus on why they had liked this bit of the show, and not that.
		Robert C. Merton (son of Robert K.) is a professor of finance at Harvard Business School.
		The solution Mr Merton offered was a programme to help the “disadvantaged”, which had a run of popularity in American and some European countries in the 1960s onwards, but is less fashionable now.
	digilander.libero.it /evaluation.network/articoli/robert_merton.htm (943 words)

	Baker Library: About the Merton Exhibit
		Robert Merton is the 35th Harvard University faculty member - and the first from the Graduate School of Business Administration - to be awarded a Nobel Prize.
		Merton was closely involved in the work leading up to these publications and his own extensions of the formula appeared in print in the spring of 1973.
		We join in celebrating the achievements of Robert Merton and the future he has made possible with the combination of theoretical and practical traditions in finance and economics.
	www.library.hbs.edu /hc/exhibits/merton/about.htm (863 words)

	Obit: Robert Merton, American social thinker - Global Affairs Forum, Politics, Law, Science, Health
		By MICHAEL T. [R] obert K. Merton, one of the most influential sociologists of the 20th century, whose coinage of terms like "self-fulfilling prophecy" and "role models" filtered from his academic pursuits into everyday language, died yesterday.
		Merton gained his pioneering reputation as a sociologist of science, exploring how scientists behave and what it is that motivates, rewards, and intimidates them.
		Merton was described as displaying "a surprising catholicity of interests and a talent for good conversation, impaired only slightly by the fact that he is alarmingly well informed about everything from baseball to Kant and is unhesitatingly ready to tell anybody about any or all of it."
	www.globalaffairs.org /forum/showthread.php?t=9245 (416 words)

	Online NewsHour: Stock Options -- July 10, 2003
		ROBERT MERTON: Well, Microsoft has the largest employee stock option plan in the world, and its cancellation of that program to replace it with restricted stock as the form of grant attempt to create that same incentive or motivation for employees to help grow the company and the value of the company's stock.
		ROBERT MERTON: Although the amount of option shares you get with a restricted stock, because the stock is worth more, will be fewer than you get with options, it's also less risky.
		ROBERT MERTON: It isn't required to do this, but this is a reflection of a controversy which has been going on now for a good year, and then dates back much earlier in time, over whether options should be expensed or not.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/economy/july-dec03/stocks_7-10.html (1585 words)

	Robert K. Merton
		Robert K. Merton was one of the sociologists who pioneered sociological theory during the Second World War with the resultant American Soldier.
		This is also what Professor Merton would have called a "middle range theory." By that, he meant that we shouldn't try to explain the whole world, but should concentrate on measureable pieces of what the obvious tells us is reality.
		They are disciplined by being “paradigmatic” in, as I’ve said, a pre-Kuhnian sense of the term “paradigm.” That is to say, the analytical paradigm identifies the basic assumptions, problems, concepts, and hypotheses incorporated in the sociological idea in order to generate researchable questions and to provide for continuities of theoretical and empirical inquiry.
	www.csudh.edu /dearhabermas/merton01.htm (876 words)

	Robert King Merton
		Merton's primary thrust is to use functional analysis as a research strategy.
		.Merton's version of anomie is only loosely based on Durkheim's concept....Kingsley Davis pointed out that Merton's method of functional analysis can be better described as good sociological reasoning.
		Merton, Robert K. Social Theory and Social Structure, revised and enlarged edition.
	www.faculty.rsu.edu /~felwell/TheoryWeb/Merton.htm (881 words)

	Thomas Merton and Robert Lax: A Friendship in Letters
		While Merton was teaching English at Saint Bonaventure University in Western New York State in 1940 and 1941, Lax worked at the New Yorker magazine and did volunteer work at Friendship House, a Catholic social ministry in New York City.
		Merton’s tongue in cheek tone does not detract from the sincerity of his praise.
		This speech, Thomas Merton and Robert Lax: A Friendship in Letters, was given at the first general meeting of the Thomas Merton Society of Great Britain and Ireland in Southampton, England, in May of 1996.
	pages.britishlibrary.net /thomasmerton/biddle.htm (1917 words)

	The Unintended and Unanticipated Consequences of Robert K. Merton
		The bibliography of Merton’s books and papers as well as his interviews and reviews of his books are too numerous to cover here.
		That Bob Merton was one of the most-cited scholars of the 20th century is a truism.
		The OED does provide a definition of “Mertonian” as being “of, relating to, or characteristic of Merton or his theories, especially those relating to the sociology of science.” But the etymolology of unintended or unanticipated consequences is a gap that needs to be filled.
	garfield.library.upenn.edu /papers/rkmertonsss2004.html (3377 words)

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