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	Robert Millikan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist who won the 1923 Nobel Prize for his measurement of the charge on the electron and for his work on the photoelectric effect.
		Millikan received a Bachelor's degree in the classics from Oberlin College in 1891 and his doctorate in physics from Columbia University in 1895 -- he was the first to earn a Ph.D. from that department.
		Millikan thought the cosmic ray photons were the "birth cries" of new atoms continually being created by God to counteract entropy and prevent the heat death of the universe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Millikan (1262 words)

	Robert Millikan
		Robert Andrews Millikan was born on the 22nd of March, 1868, in Morrison, Ill. (U.S.A.), as the second son of the Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan and Mary Jane Andrews.
		Millikan was an eminent teacher, and passing through the customary grades he became professor at that university in 1910, a post which he retained till 1921.
		Professor Millikan has been President of the American Physical Society, Vice-President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was the American member of the Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations, and the American representative at the International Congress of Physics, known as the Solvay Congress, at Brussels in 1921.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Biographies/MillikanBio.htm (662 words)

	Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society: 2000 Forum Proceedings: In the Case of Robert Andrews Millikan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Millikan was born in 1868, the son of a Midwestern minister.
		To Millikan’s surprise, what happened instead was that nearly all of the droplets with their different positive and negative charges dispersed, leaving in view just a few individual droplets that had just the right charge to permit the electric force to come close to balancing the effect of gravity.
		To deal with this problem, Millikan assumed, entirely without theoretical basis, as he stressed in his paper, that Stokes’ law could be adequately corrected by an unknown term that was strictly proportional to the ratio of the distance between air molecules to the size of the drop, so long as that ratio was reasonably small.
	www.sigmaxi.org /meetings/archive/forum.2000.millikan.shtml (3887 words)

	Robert Andrews Millikan 1868-1953
		Millikan was appointed associate professor only at the age of 38, in a time when the median American physicist became a full professor at the age of 32.
		Millikan emphasized that the very nature of his data refuted conclusively the minority of scientists who still held that electrons (and perhaps atoms too) were not necessarily fundamental, discrete particles.
		Early in 1917 Millikan went to Washington to be executive officer of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, charged with war research on the detection of submarines and other essential problems.
	www.aip.org /history/gap/Millikan/Millikan.html (863 words)

	The religion of Robert Andrews Millikan, physicist
		Robert A. Millikan born to a clergyman of Scottish descent.
		Millikan regarded the electron theory of matter as "one of the grandest, because simplest, of all physical generalizations." He was made a member of the National Academy of Science at forty-six.
		Millikan noted that "the Christian Church is the greatest social institution in the country." There was never any mention of his own affiliation or activities, but he probably was a member of the Congregational Church.
	www.adherents.com /people/pm/Robert_Millikan.html (774 words)

	Millikan
		December 19, 1953, San Marino, Calif., U.S.A. Robert A. Millikan was the most famous American scientist of the 1920s, and the second American to receive the Nobel Prize in physics in 1923 for his study of the elementary electronic charge and the photoelectric effect.
		Shining through it all are Millikan's typical characteristics as experimenter and person: his penchant for experimenting in an area involving the hottest question of the day, his energetic persistence (this paper was the culmination of work he had begun in 1905), and his passion for obtaining results of great precision.
		Robert Millikan passed away on the 19th of December 1953 in San Marino, California, at the age of 85.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/millikan.html (3896 words)

	Robert Millikan's GM Detecetor
		Robert Millikan and Victor Neher were among the personnel on this flight.
		Robert A. Millikan (1868-1950) was the most famous America Scientist of the 1920s, and the second American to receive the Nobel Prize in physics.
		The latter was awarded for his measurements of the charge on an electron (via the well known "Millikan oil drop experiment") and for experimentally confirming Einstein's equations for the photoelectric effect.
	www.orau.org /ptp/collection/GMs/GMmillikan.htm (245 words)

	Robert Millikan: Scientist
		Millikan is best known to physicists for measuring the charge of the electron with his oil-drop experiment; in the span of a remarkably productive career he also made significant contributions to the study of the photoelectric effect, hot-spark spectra and, above all, cosmic rays.
		The son of a Congregational minister and the former dean of women of a small college, Millikan was born in 1868 in Illinois and was raised from the 1870's in Maquoketa, Iowa (population 3,000).
		Millikan's work in the wartime National Research Council particularly impressed the astrophysicist George Ellery Hale and the physical chemist Arthur A. Noyes, who were inaugurating a venture in education and research in southern California.
	www.harvardsquarelibrary.org /unitarians/millikan.html (945 words)

	BookRags: Robert Andrews Millikan Biography
		Millikan intuitively sensed that the most fruitful approach to the problem would be to eliminate the sources of error in a method developed by J. Townsend (1897), J. Thomson (1903), and H. Wilson (1903) at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England.
		Millikan, who believed passionately in a decentralized university structure, hoped that the net result of this program would be not only to provide America with highly competent scientists but also to stimulate American universities to develop programs sufficiently competent to attract these very able students.
		Millikan's convictions regarding the nature of the primary cosmic radiation--that which is incident on the earth's atmosphere--produced some of his stormiest days as a physicist.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/robert-andrews-millikan (1671 words)

	Millikan, Robert Andrews: 1868-1953
		Robert Millikan was one of the most noted American physicist and scientists of his day.
		Millikan's deep devotion to cosmic-ray research was the foundation for establishing a research team at the California Institute of Technology which made the most basic of these discoveries.
		Millikan was fascinated and dedicated to the challenges of educating the general reader.
	www.light-science.com /millikan.html (672 words)

	BookRags: Robert Andrews Millikan Biography
		Millikan was born in Morrison, Illinois, on March 22, 1868.
		In his sophomore year, Millikan was asked to teach a course in physics, a somewhat peculiar request since he had little interest and only one twelve-week course in the subject.
		Millikan suggested the name cosmic rays for this radiation although for a number of years it was also referred to as Millikan rays.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/robert-andrews-millikan-wsd (686 words)

	Robert Millikan: The Oil-Drop Experiment - Determining The Charge of the Electron
		The measurement of the electron's charge independently was achieved by Millikan by his famous experiment from 1909 and with Thomson's results also a value for the electron mass was obtained.
		Robert Millikan won the 1923 Nobel Prize in physics.
		Millikan repeated the experiment numerous times, each time varying the strength of the x-rays ionizing the air, so that differing numbers of electrons would jump onto the oil molecules each time.
	www.juliantrubin.com /bigten/millikanoildrop.html (906 words)

	Centennial Focus: Millikan's Measurement of Planck's Constant
		The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons were found by measuring the potential energy of the electric field needed to stop them--here Millikan was able to confidently use the uniquely accurate value for the charge e of the electron he had established with his oil drop experiment in 1913.
		In an earlier paper (January 1916) in the same volume, Millikan writes in the very first sentence that "Einstein's photoelectric equation...cannot in my judgment be looked upon at present as resting upon any sort of a satisfactory theoretical foundation," even though "it actually represents very accurately the behavior" of photoelectricity.
		What we now call the photon was, in Millikan's view, "[the] bold, not to say the reckless, hypothesis"--reckless because it was contrary to such classical concepts as light being a wave propagation phenomenon.
	focus.aps.org /story/v3/st23 (912 words)

	Ionization Chamber Used at Robert Millikan's Laboratory for Cosmic Ray Studies
		This ion chamber came from Robert Millikan’s laboratory at the California Institute of Technology.
		Eugene “Bud” Cowan, who arranged the transfer to the ORAU collection, wrote that Victor Neher identified it as having been used by Millikan in the late 1920s - a note to that effect is written on the bottom of the wooden base.
		The major difference was that they employed a fine gold-plated quartz fiber that contacted the base of the anode instead of a crude metal strip that contacted a disk at the bottom of an extension of the anode.
	www.orau.org /ptp/collection/ionchamber/millikanslab.htm (688 words)

	Patent-Invent: Robert Millikan
		Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 - December 19, 1953) was a U.S. experimental physicist who won the 1923 Nobel Prize for his measurement of the charge of the electron and for his work on the photoelectric effect.
		Millikan received a Bachelor's degree in the classics from Oberlin College in 1891 and his doctorate in physics from Columbia University in 1895.
		George Ellery Hale convinced Millikan to begin spending several months each year the the Throop College of Technology, a small academic institution in Pasadena, California that Hale wished to transform into a major center for scientific research and education.
	www.electro.patent-invent.com /electricity/inventors/robert_millikan.html (1033 words)

	No. 2019: Robert Millikan
		The year 1906 found Millikan pushing forty and falling into a kind of academic dead end.
		He was still an assistant professor; he'd done little beyond some textbook writing; he was struggling to support his family, and he was up to his nose in administrative chores.
		Millikan slid one of the last bricks of early quantum mechanics into place, and he set the stage for modern quantum theory.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi2019.htm (551 words)

	Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment... Measuring the Charge On an Electron ......... ......... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		What Millikan did was to put a charge on a tiny drop of oil, and measure how strong an applied electric field had to be in order to stop the oil drop from falling.
		Since he was able to work out the mass of the oil drop, and he could calculate the force of gravity on one drop, he could then determine the electric charge that the drop must have.
		This number was the one Millikan was looking for, and it also showed that the value was quantized; the smallest unit of charge was this amount, and it was the charge on a single electron.
	www68.pair.com /willisb/millikan/experiment.html (613 words)

	Robert A. Millikan - Biography
		On the instigation of his professors, Millikan spent a year (1895-1896) in Germany, at the Universities of Berlin and Göttingen.
		Millikan was an enthusiastic tennis player, and golf was also one of his recreations.
		Professor Millikan married Greta Erwin Blanchard in 1902; they had three sons: Clark Blanchard, Glenn Allen, and Max Franklin.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html (829 words)

	Robert Andrews Millikan
		obert Andrews Millikan was born on 22nd March 1868 at Morrison in the United States.
		After return to his native country he became an assistant to Albert Michelson (at the Chicago University) - a great physicist who proved that the speed of light does not depend on the direction of observation.
		In 1922 he was appointed a United States representative at the Committee for Intellectual Collaboration of the League of Nations.
	library.thinkquest.org /19662/low/eng/biog-millikan.html (199 words)

	Millikan Robert Andrews - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Millikan Robert Andrews - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Millikan, Robert Andrews (1868-1953), American physicist and Nobel laureate, best known for his work in atomic physics.
		Avogadro’s law, which was easily proved by kinetic theory, indicated that a specified volume of a gas at a given temperature and pressure always...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Millikan_Robert_Andrews.html (114 words)

	Robert A. Millikan Award
		The Robert A Millikan Award recognizes teachers who have made notable and creative contributions to the teaching of physics.
		The Millikan Medal recipient is asked to make a presentation at the Ceremonial Session of an AAPT Summer Meeting.
		A $7,500 monetary award, The Millikan Medal, an Award Certificate, and travel expenses to the meeting are presented to the recipient.
	www.aapt.org /Grants/millikan.cfm (337 words)

	Robert A. Millikan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Robert A. Millikan (1868-1953) received the 1923 Nobel Prize for his work in determining the charge of the electron and for work confirming Einstein's photoelectric equation.
		In 1909 he performed the famous "Millikan oil drop experiment" in which was able to suspend tiny droplets of oil in an electric field and therefore measure their charge accurately.
		The charges were found to be multiples of a number he determined to be 1.64 x 10
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/Nuclear/millikan.html (88 words)

	Robert Millikan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Between 1908 and 1917, Robert Millikan measured the charge on an electron with the apparatus shown below.
		Droplets that captured one or more electrons were attracted to the positive plate at the top of the viewing chamber and either fell more slowly or rose toward the top.
		By carefully studying individual droplets, Millikan was able to show that the charge on a drop was always an integral multiple of a small, but finite value.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/history/millikan.html (221 words)

	Rare Books and First Editions: Robert Millikan, Oil Drop Experiment
		Millikan, in his famous oil drop experiment, provided the first definitive proof that electric charge is made up of elementary indivisible quantities, and that the charge is not a statistically averaged quantity.
		From his experiment, the value of e, the electron charge, could be readily determined.
		For his study of the electronic charge and the photoelectric effect, Millikan won the 1923 Nobel Prize for Physics.
	www.theworldsgreatbooks.com /millikan.htm (201 words)

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