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	Robert Nozick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Nozick (November 16, 1938 – January 23, 2002) was an American philosopher and Pellegrino University Professor at Harvard University.
		Nozick appealed to the Kantian idea that people should be treated as rational beings, not merely as a means.
		Nozick was notable for his curious, exploratory style and methodological ecumenism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Nozick (564 words)

	ROBERT NOZICK: AGAINST DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
		Nozick refers to the possibility of losing entitlement to something that was originally yours because of developments since, such as the drying up of other waterholes, as the 'historical shadow' of the Lockean proviso; p.
		Nozick's answer is that such constraints express the inviolability of other persons; a person is not to be used to benefit others - this would not sufficiently respect the fact that he is a separate person, that his is the only life he has.
		Nozick's intuition is that each person is entitled to his talents and abilities, and to whatever he can make, get, or buy with his own efforts, with the help of others, or with plain luck.
	www.humanities.mq.edu.au /Ockham/y64l17.html (3558 words)

	Harvard Gazette: Philosopher Nozick dies at 63
		Nozick, known for his wide-ranging intellect and engaging style as both writer and teacher, had taught a course on the Russian Revolution during the fall semester and was planning to teach again in the spring.
		Nozick's book argued that the rights of the individual are primary and that nothing more than a minimal state - sufficient to protect against violence and theft, and to ensure the enforcement of contracts - is justified.
		Nozick was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress, a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, and a senior fellow of the Society of Fellows at Harvard.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2002/01.17/99-nozick.html (1590 words)

	Robert Nozick [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Robert Nozick was, with John Rawls, one of the two most important and influential political philosophers in the Anglo-American analytic tradition.
		Nozick endorses such arguments, but his main defense of libertarianism is a moral one, his view being that whatever its practical benefits, the strongest reason to advocate a libertarian society is simply that such advocacy follows from a serious respect for individual rights.
		Nozick argues that S can indeed know that he is driving and know that if he is driving then he isn't a brain in a vat, even though he cannot know that he isn't a brain in a vat.
	www.iep.utm.edu /n/nozick.htm (4228 words)

	ROBERT NOZICK'S LIBERTARIAN FRAMEWORK FOR UTOPIA (Part One)
		Nozick begins his explanation of how the ultraminimal state can be converted into the minimal state by observing that each person has a right to be judged according to the procedures which minimize the chance of his property rights being infringed.
		Nozick states that the ultraminimal state is morally obligated to extend protection to those in its realm of dominance who have not chosen to be members of the ultraminimal state.
		Nozick is not convincing in his attempts to explain why it is permissible for a protection agency, in its efforts to achieve procedural fairness for his clients, to use force to keep others from engaging in risky activities so long as it provides compensation to those whose rights have been violated.
	www.quebecoislibre.org /020413-9.htm (1907 words)

	ROBERT NOZICK'S LIBERTARIAN FRAMEWORK FOR UTOPIA (Part Two)
		Nozick goes on to provide a persuasive and comprehensive case against Rawlsian justice by arguing for a theory based on the principle that all human beings have absolute rights to their person and to the fruits of their labor.
		Nozick compares and contrasts two systems of justice: 1) his own entitlement theory which is based on the historical process of acquiring and transferring resources; and 2) end-state or time-slice theory which is based on the current distribution of resources.
		Nozick’s utopia is actually a meta-utopia in which people are free to voluntarily join together to pursue and try to actualize their own view of the good life.
	www.quebecoislibre.org /020427-13.htm (1397 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Obituaries \| Obituary: Robert Nozick
		For Harvard philosophy professor Robert Nozick, who has died of stomach cancer aged 63, the welfare state was a form of theft, and taxation tantamount to forced labour.
		Nozick condemned "distributive justice" as implying that society has resources to distribute, whereas only individuals do, and are entitled to hold or transfer them.
		Nozick took his arguments on self-ownership and liberty to their consistent conclusion - harm-free sexual licence and the decriminalisation of prostitution and drugs.
	www.guardian.co.uk /obituaries/story/0,3604,639619,00.html (846 words)

	Richard A. Epstein on Robert Nozick on National Review Online
		Nozick's great work, Anarchy, State and Utopia, was published in 1974, when he was about 35 years old, to instant critical acclaim.
		Starting with this perspective, Nozick quickly reached the conclusion that all individuals begin life with a system of self-ownership, which is then extended into the world by a principle of justice in acquisition whereby unowned things in the natural world received single owners.
		Nozick himself resisted the use of hypothetical or social contracts, claiming that these were not worth the paper they weren't written on.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-epstein012402.shtml (1683 words)

	Robert Nozick, Philosopher of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nozick sought to defend the minimal state-that is, a state "limited to the functions of protecting all its citizens against violence, theft, and fraud, and to the enforcement of contracts" (p.
		Nozick likewise condemned unrestrained democracy as a form of slavery, since having "10,000 masters instead of just one" is merely "a change of master" (p.
		Nozick thus rejected patterned theories in favor of a "historical" theory, according to which a given distribution of resources, regardless of what pattern it fits, is legitimate so long as it arose through a process involving no violations of anybody's rights.
	www.iconservatives.org.uk /robert_nozick1.htm (1181 words)

	LibertyGuide.com - Robert Nozick
		Robert Nozick almost single-handedly made libertarian political philosophy respectable within mainstream academia with the 1974 publication of his now classic Anarchy, State and Utopia, which garnered a National Book Award the following year.
		Robert Nozick : Property, Justice, and the Minimal State by Jonathan Wolff (Stanford University Press, 1991) lays out Nozick's main argument in Anarchy, State and Utopiaalong with the arguments of his critics, and offers critical analysis of his own.
		Robert Nozick, edited by David Schmidtz (Cambridge University Press, 2001) is a collection of essays by prominent philsophers on themes from Nozick's oeuvre.
	www.theihs.org /libertyguide/people.php/75853.html (533 words)

	Robert Nozick, Libertarianism, And Utopia
		According to Nozick any theory of property must have three principles: a principle of justice in initial acquisition, to explain how an individual can be the first appropriator of a good from nature; a principle of justice in transfer; and a principle of justice in rectification (for example, compensation for the victims of crime) (151).
		Nozick’s strongest counter-argument is the point that if I mix my labour with something unowned we might just as well view this as a way of losing my labour rather than - with Locke - as a way of gaining the other thing.
		For Nozick we draw the distinction at the bounds of the minimal state: we have enforceable duties not to interfere with each other and this is the boundary of our rights and thus enforceable duties.
	world.std.com /~mhuben/wolff_2.html (4566 words)

	David Schmidtz (ed.) - Robert Nozick - Reviewed by Thomas Kelly, Harvard University - Philosophical Reviews - ...
		Nozickâs argumentative strategy against the anarchist is to show that a minimal state would arise from a pre-political state of nature by purely voluntary means.
		In his influential discussion of rights as generating âside constraintsâ on the behavior of others, Nozick argued that there are fundamental normative constraints on behavior which do not owe their status as such to the role that observing such constraints plays in the promotion of any desirable goals or ends.
		Although Nozickâs remarks on this score are somewhat cryptic, their general thrust seems clear: libertarianism is inadequate because it does not allow for the symbolic value which derives from certain joint actions that are undertaken by society as a whole.
	ndpr.nd.edu /review.cfm?id=1133 (1964 words)

	The New York Review of Books: The Right to Be Rich or Poor
		Nozick's minimal state, or "state-like entity" as he sometimes calls it, is a kind of protection agency to which people in the state of nature pay a fee for protection from assault, robbery, and so on.
		Nozick, aware that utilitarianism is a more fundamental rival to his position than other conceptions of justice, tries to get it out of the way in the first part of the book, when discussing the moral background of his theory.
		Nozick's example is bizarre enough to have a bizarre answer, and the bizarreness of the answer that the orthodox form of utilitarianism gives is an insufficient reason for rejecting that theory.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/9252 (5697 words)

	Policy Library ¦ Robert Nozick Resource Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert Nozick's philosophical career spanned many subjects - from an exploration of the good life (play, friendship, love, sex) to the nature of truth and objectivity.
		Robert Nozick died on January 23, 2002 at the age of 63.
		This conception of the transition is criticised heavily in Murray N. Rothbard's Robert Nozick and the Immaculate Conception of the State.
	www.policylibrary.com /nozick (1356 words)

	Reason (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nozick, a Harvard professor from 1969 until his death, wrote on many topics, but he remained best known and most discussed for his first book, the National Book Award-winning Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974).
		Nozick explains that his vision of the minimal state is the closest we can come to utopia.
		Nozick found himself in a firestorm of controversy and condemned by many as a disreputable ideologue.
	reason.com /hod/bd012402.shtml (576 words)

	Robert Nozick Named University Professor
		Nozick, a member of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (FAS) and one of the nation's most influential philosophers, has been appointed the Joseph Pellegrino University Professor.
		Nozick, 59, came to Harvard from an assistant professorship at Princeton University in 1965.
		In that course, Nozick said, every time he opened his mouth, Morgenbesser challenged him, pointing out a flaw in his reasoning, a problem with his original assumptions, or some other reason he was wrong.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/1998/10.01/RobertNozickNam.html (1367 words)

	LibertyGuide.com - Robert Nozick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nozick here challenges John Rawls's arguments in A Theory of Justice that conclude that inequalities must at least make the worst off better off in order to be morally justified.
		Nozick, among the leading figures in contemporary Anglo-American philosophy, made significant contributions to almost every major area of philosophy.
		Robert Nozick, by A.R. Lacey (Princeton University Press, 2001), is the first book to examine Nozick's philosophy as a whole.
	www.libertyguide.com /lol/nozick.html (533 words)

	Robert Nozick, RIP
		In the introduction to his book The Nature of Rationality, Robert Nozick wrote that although "philosopher" means, literally, "lover of wisdom," it is really the process of reasoning that enchants them.
		Nozick surely had himself in mind: he stood out among contemporary philosophers as a man with a deep passion for grappling with ideas.
		Analytical philosophy is infamously dry, but behind Nozick's prose, there always stood the palpable presence of a witty, vibrant human being for whom philosophy was not just an exercise in technical wizardry, but an earnest search for meaning.
	www.juliansanchez.com /memorial.html (622 words)

	Will Wilkinson / The Fly Bottle
		Nozick was one of the most talented philosophers of the past half-century, making significant contributions to every major area of philosophy.
		Nozick, true to his libertarian soul, espoused a "non-coercive" philsophic method that sought to open up new vistas of the intellect rather than craft airtight, drop dead arguments -- arguments that tend to be sophistical in any case.
		Nozick was interested in everything, but you can't accuse him of being a dilettante, because his knowledge of his varied subjects was profound.
	willwilkinson.net /flybottle/2002_01_20_archive.html (1164 words)

	Obituary: Professor Robert Nozick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert Nozick, political philosopher, was born in New York on November 16, 1938.
		Nozick replied with Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974), in which he argued that the rights of the individual are primary and attacked forms of paternalistic government that forbid capitalistic acts between consenting adults.
		Nozick suggested that this variety of views could be ordered and that even those which were not of the first rank might offer valuable truths and insights.
	www.strauss.za.com /phl/rn_tt_20020126.html (1556 words)

	The Ethics of Liberty by Murray N. Rothbard
		Nozick’s “principle of compensation” maintains that a “nonproductive” activity can be prohibited provided that the person is compensated by the benefit he was forced to forego from the imposition of the prohibition.
		Nozick tries to rehabilitate the outlawry of flmail by asserting that “nonproductive” contracts should be illegal, and that a flmail contract is nonproductive because a flmailee is worse off because of the flmailer’s very existence.
		Nozick, in common with all other limited government, laissez-faire theorists, has no theory of taxation: of how much it shall be, of who shall pay it, of what kind it should be, etc. Indeed, taxation is scarcely mentioned in Nozick’s progression of stages toward his minimal state.
	www.mises.org /rothbard/ethics/twentynine.asp (8177 words)

	Robert Nozick - Liberal Thinkers - Liberal International
		Nozick argues that the rights of the individuals including the property rights are primary.
		Nozick also shows that under the framework of a minimal state different communities with their own values can coexist.
		Nozick never wanted to be an ideologue of a political movement.
	www.liberal-international.org /editorial.asp?ia_id=676 (250 words)

	Distributive Justice
		According to Nozick's interpretation, an acquisition is just if and only if the position of others after the acquisition is no worse than their position was when the acquisition was unowned or ‘held in common’.
		For example, one can satisfy Nozick's proviso by ‘acquiring’ a beach and charging $1 admission to those who previously were able to use the beach for free, so long as one compensates them with a benefit they deem equally valuable, such as a clean up or life-guarding service on the beach.
		Robert Nozick Lectures given by R.N. Johnson at Missouri on Nozick's political philosophy; introductory level explanation of libertarianism.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/justice-distributive (8440 words)

	[No title]
		Robert Nozick proposed a theory of distributive justice that condemns redistribution as being unjust and a violation of people's liberty, which I will deal with lower down.
		Nozick claims that if the world was just then the following would hold: (1) A person who acquires property in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitled to that property.
		Nozick claims that the only just transfer of goods is a voluntary transfer from the rightful owner to another person.
	www.tardis.ed.ac.uk /~james/politics/libcrit.txt (7179 words)

	Robert Nozick: A Historical Note
		When Bob Nozick entered grad school at Princeton from Columbia in 1959, he was, politically speaking, a run of the mill social democrat.
		Soon Nozick was radically questioning his social-democratic orientation, picked up pretty much by accident from his New York Jewish environment.
		In the same way, I believe that is true of Nozick, though the people he brought in or opened up to our ideas were for the most part fairly high level intellectuals, often culpably ignorant of the sources of much of his thinking on politics.
	www.lewrockwell.com /raico/raico15.html (868 words)

	Nozick and Rothbard at the WTC
		I only met Robert Nozick on one occasion, and learning of his death today brought a kaleidoscope of images surrounding that encounter.
		Nozick was our first libertarian "pop-star." His award-winning book, Anarchy, State and Utopia, published in 1974, brought semi-radical libertarian concepts to the Establishment.
		Nozick was movie-star handsome and eloquent and – you guessed it – Mr.
	www.lewrockwell.com /blumert/blumert46.html (1095 words)

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