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	Robert Oppenheimer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904 to Julius S. Oppenheimer (a wealthy textile importer who had immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1888) and Ella Friedman, a painter.
		Oppenheimer's clumsiness in the laboratory made it apparent that his forte was theoretical, not experimental, physics, so he left in 1926 for the University of Göttingen to study under Max Born.
		Oppenheimer was noted for his mastery of all scientific aspects of the project and for his efforts to control the inevitable cultural conflicts between scientists and the military.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer (7378 words)

	About J. Robert Oppenheimer
		Robert Oppenheimer (22 Apr. 1904--18 Feb. 1967), theoretical physicist and director of the Los Alamos Laboratory (Manhattan Project), was born Julius Robert Oppenheimer in New York City, the son of Julius Oppenheimer, a wealthy textile importer, and Ella Friedman, a painter.
		Oppenheimer concluded that the vibration and spin of protons could be ignored in theoretical calculations because the mass of the proton was incomparably greater than and essentially unaffected by the electron.
		Oppenheimer admitted that his original story was a "lie" concocted in a moment of "idiocy." Many scientists and public officials attested to Oppenheimer's loyalty and indisputable service to the nation, but Teller provided the final blow.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/a_f/ai/aboutopp.htm (2842 words)

	Learn more about Robert Oppenheimer in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 - February 18, 1967) was a Jewish-American physicist and the director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop nuclear weapons, at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico.
		Oppenheimer was born in New York in 1904.
		When World War II started, Oppenheimer was persuaded to join the war effort to develop an atomic bomb, and he threw himself into the task with full vigor.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /r/ro/robert_oppenheimer.html (650 words)

	Oppenheimer - MSN Encarta
		Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge and Göttingen.
		During a leave of absence (1943-1945), Oppenheimer contributed to the Manhattan Project as director of the effort to build an atomic bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico.
		Oppenheimer devoted his final years to study of the relationship between science and society; he died in Princeton on February 18, 1967.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761575357 (350 words)

	Oppenheimer, J. Robert - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		After the atomic bomb was used against Japan, Oppenheimer became one of the foremost proponents of civilian and international control of atomic energy; he was chairman of the general advisory committee of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission from 1946 to 1952 and consultant to the American delegate to the UN Atomic Energy Committee.
		In 1953, Oppenheimer was suspended by the Atomic Energy Commission as an alleged security risk, in part due to criticism from fellow scientist Edward Teller, who was instrumental in the development of the hydrogen bomb.
		In addition to his contributions as a theoretical physicist and an administrator, Oppenheimer achieved a reputation as one of the outstanding teachers of his generation; he left a lasting influence both at California and at Princeton.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/o/oppenhei.asp (522 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer \| Biography \| atomicarchive.com
		Julius Robert Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904.
		In 1926, Oppenheimer went to the University of Göttingen to study under Max Born, obtaining his Ph.D. at the age of 22.
		Oppenheimer retired from Princeton in 1966 and died of throat cancer on February 18, 1967.
	www.atomicarchive.com /Bios/Oppenheimer.shtml (671 words)

	Julius Robert Oppenheimer
		Julius Robert Oppenheimer was appointed director of the central laboratory for bomb design and development in Los Alamos, New Mexico, in May 1942, by General Leslie R. Groves, head of the Army Engineers.
		Oppenheimer recruited a highly qualified staff of scientists by informing them of the German attempt to create an atomic bomb and of the peacetime uses of atomic energy.
		Oppenheimer's prestige grew and he became the spokesman for those who believed that the atomic age demanded a broader understanding of science and technology.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Oppenheimer.html (572 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer - Wikimedia Commons
		Robert Oppenheimer was a US-American physicist, known as "the father of the atomic bomb".
		Robert Oppenheimer (22 de abril de 1904 — 18 de febrero de 1967) Físico estadounidense.
		Oppenheimer is 4th from the left in the backrow.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer (127 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer
		Robert Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904.
		Oppenheimer said, "We knew the world would not be the same." Within a month, two Japanese cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, were targeted by atomic bombs, and Japan surrendered on August 10, 1945.
		Oppenheimer thus became the worldwide symbol of the scientist who becomes the victim of a witch-hunt while trying to solve the moral problems rising out of scientific discoveries.
	www.thocp.net /biographies/oppenheimer_robert.htm (1275 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer, a man for the ages \| The Newsbulletin \| April 22, 2004
		In 1947, Oppenheimer was appointed chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission, serving from 1947 to 1952.
		To commemorate Oppenheimer's 100th birthday, the J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Committee, a Laboratory sanctioned organization, is sponsoring a photograph exhibit: "J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1904-1967: Photographs From His Life," at the Mesa Public Library gallery, located on the third floor of the library.
		Curated by members of the Oppenheimer committee, the exhibit includes between 50 and 60 photos garnered from the collections of the Robert and Frank Oppenheimer families, the archives of Berkeley's Bancroft Library, Harvard, Princeton, the Institute for Advanced Study and the Laboratory.
	www.lanl.gov /orgs/pa/newsbulletin/2004/04/22/text02.shtml (903 words)

	The American Experience \| Race for the Superbomb \| J. Robert Oppenheimer, (1904 - 1967)
		Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22, 1904, into a wealthy, New York, Jewish family.
		Oppenheimer sent a cryptic telegram to scientists back at Berkeley: "Any time after the 15th would be a good time for our fishing trip...As we do not have enough sleeping bags to go around, we ask you please do not bring anyone with you." The test, code-named "Trinity," took place on July 16.
		After the war Oppenheimer achieved nation-wide recognition as the "father of the A-bomb," and he was widely quoted as the moral conscience of those who had worked on the project.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bomb/peopleevents/pandeAMEX65.html (787 words)

	Robert Oppenheimer
		As director of the Manhattan project, American physicist Robert Oppenheimer was responsible for collecting, coordinating, and leading the team that developed and detonated the first atomic bomb.
		Oppenheimer then drew together a group of the most brilliant and able physicists he could collect.
		During hearings Oppenheimer’s earlier leftist/Communist sympathies were trotted out and Los Alamos alum Edward Teller insinuated that Oppenheimer’s opposition to research on the more powerful H-bomb was so "confusing" (given his work on the A bomb) that his loyalties could not be trusted.
	www.nndb.com /people/808/000047667 (1350 words)

	NPR : Oppenheimer: American Prometheus
		And yet, it was the irony of Robert Oppenheimer's odyssey that a life devoted to social justice, rationality and science would become a metaphor for mass death beneath a mushroom cloud.
		Robert's father, Julius Oppenheimer, was born on May 12, 1871, in the German town of Hanau, just east of Frankfurt.
		As an adult, Robert gave his friend and former teacher Herbert Smith a handsome engraving of the scene in Shakespeare's Coriolanus where the hero is unclasping his mother's hand and throwing her to the ground.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4648060 (2493 words)

	Robert Oppenheimer
		Oppenheimer developed left-wing views and was a strong supporter of the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War.
		In 1943 Oppenheimer was appointed director of the Manhattan Project where he worked with Edward Teller, Enrico Fermi, David Bohm, James Franck, Emilio Segre, Felix Bloch, Rudolf Peierls, James Chadwick, Otto Frisch, Eugene Wigner, Leo Szilard and Klaus Fuchs in developing the atom bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
		Oppenheimer was a victim of McCarthyism and in 1953 he was accused of being closely associated with communists in the 1930s.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAoppenheimer.htm (716 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer Centennial - Exhibit
		There is a cacophony of conflicting descriptions of J. Robert Oppenheimer – as friends have remembered him, as historians have analyzed him.
		It is sometimes said that one's greatest strengths can also be one's greatest weaknesses, and in Oppenheimer's life this manifested itself quite literally: the personableness and diverse interests which allowed him to expertly run Los Alamos were part of the same character which led to the revocation of his security clearance.
		Oppenheimer represents many things, but it is the common humanity present in his science, his teaching, his successes, and his failures which makes him a complex and rich historical character.
	ohst.berkeley.edu /oppenheimer/exhibit (423 words)

	J(ulius) Robert OPPENHEIMER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		OPPENHEIMER was the son of a German immigrant who had made his fortune by importing textiles in New York City.
		OPPENHEIMER then began to seek a process for the separation of uranium-235 from natural uranium and to determine the critical mass of uranium required to make such a bomb.
		OPPENHEIMER was made the worldwide symbol of the scientist, who, while trying to resolve the moral problems that arise from scientific discovery, becomes the victim of a witch-hunt.
	www.loebtree.com /julius.html (1124 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		Oppenheimer became deeply concerned by the rise of fascism in the 1930s and took a strong stand against it.
		On December 21, 1953, Oppenheimer was accused of treason for delaying the naming of Soviet agents, and also for opposing the building of the hydrogen bomb.
		Oppenheimer later held the academic post of director of the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton University.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/oppenheimer.html (482 words)

	oppenheimer.htm
		Oppenheimer's remark points up the vitality that words and symbols have on their own, separate yet still connected via the realm of physical experience.
		Symbols may stand in for physical reality but they are experienced on their own and carry as much weight and importance as material things; especially when we accept and enact the involved associations.
		Besides the science, the math imagery, and satisfaction that the 1945 device had really worked as his team of scientists and military liaisons had struggled so long for, Oppenheimer also recalled the words of the Hindu god Vishnu as that god was trying to compel an earthly leader to follow his dictates.
	www.ceptualinstitute.com /genre/oppenheimer.htm (683 words)

	Robert Oppenheimer - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist of German-Jewish origin, best known for his role as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons, at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico.
		Oppenheimer would be asked for interviews related to the "Chevalier incident", and he often gave contradictory and equivocating statements, telling Groves that only one person had been actually been approached, and that that person was his brother Frank.
		Image:Oppenheimer beach.jpg After the 1954 Security hearings, Oppenheimer is reported to have been "like a wounded animal", and he started to retreat to a simpler life.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/J._Oppenheimer (6729 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Atomic Bombings of Japan
		Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22, 1904.
		Oppenheimer was an effective organizer at Los Alamos due to his ability to quickly understand scientific ideas and for his personal charisma.
		Oppenheimer was also an advisor to the Target Committee, which recommended Japanese targets for the atomic bombs.
	www.doug-long.com /oppie.htm (522 words)

	Amazon.com: J. Robert Oppenheimer: Shatterer of Worlds: Books: Peter Goodchild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Robert Oppenheimer: Shatter of Worlds is a revolutionary biography that details the most important aspects of Robert Oppenheimer's life and accomplishments as a physicist and creator of a key bridge between government and science.
		He is exquisite in providing Oppenheimer with a simple but thorough recount of his life that showcases his accomplishments and influences when other biographies focused on his political associations and the charges of treason that arose during the Cold War.
		Robert Oppenheimer lead the project at Los Alamos to develop the first atomic bomb, struggled through accusations of being a communist sympathizer, and dealt with the guilt of having created such a terrible device.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0880640219?v=glance (1343 words)

	Robert Oppenheimer - Wikiquote
		Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American physicist and the scientific director of the Manhattan Project.
		Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and to impress him takes on his multi-armed form and says, 'Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.' I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.
		Interview about the Trinity explosion, first broadcast as part of the television documentary The Decision to Drop the Bomb, produced by Fred Freed, NBC White Paper, 1965; Oppenheimer is quoting a line from the Bhagavad Gita spoken by Krishna, who is revered in Hindu traditions as one of the major incarnations of Vishnu.
	en.wikiquote.org /wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer (904 words)

	J. Robert Oppenheimer
		In 1953, Oppenheimer was suspended by the Atomic Energy Commission as an alleged security risk, in part due to criticism from fellow scientist Edward
		Robert Oppenheimer - Scientist, born 22 April 1904, The physicist who directed the Manhattan Project
		Life in a force field.("The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Birth of the Modern Arms Race")("American Prometheus: The Triumph......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0836740.html (461 words)

	Brotherhood of the Bomb
		Chevalier to Oppenheimer, July 23, 1964, Robert Oppenheimer papers, Library of Congress Preparing his memoirs for publication, Haakon Chevalier notifies Oppenheimer that he plans to reveal that both were members of the same secret underground unit of the Communist Party's professional section from 1938 to 1942.
		Oppenheimer to Chevalier, Aug. 7, 1964, Robert Oppenheimer papers, Library of Congress In reply, Oppenheimer denies ever having been a member of a Communist Party unit.
		Transcript of 3/18/65 telephone call between Lloyd Garrison and Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer papers, Library of Congress Oppenheimer discusses with Garrison, his attorney, the possibility of enjoining publication of Chevalier's book.
	www.brotherhoodofthebomb.com /bhbsource/documents.html (612 words)

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