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	Robert Parker Parrott
		Robert P. Parrott is known to many Civil War artillery researchers and collectors for his inventions of the projectile and cannon which bear his name.
		Parrott's cannons were distinguished by a single reinforcing band around the breech of the iron tube.
		Robert Parker Parrott was born October 5, 1804, at Lee, N.H.; entered the U.S. Military Academy of West Point July 1, 1820, and was graduated with honors July 1, 1824, receiving at that time the appointments of Brevet Second Lieutenant and Second Lieutenant, being assigned to the Third Regiment of Artillery.
	www.cwartillery.org /parrott.html (1122 words)

	Encyclopedia: Parrott rifle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Parrott's method was to form a band of iron around a mandrel, hammering it until it was welded into one piece, then while hot forcing it onto the breach of the tube being water cooled on the inside.
		Parrott rifles came in many sizes, from the giant 150-pounder on down, but in the field artillery only the 10-pounder and the 20-pounder were used.
		Parrotts consisted of a cast-iron tube with a wrought-iron band shrunk around the breech to protect the area subjected to the greatest pressure by the powder charge.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Parrott-rifle (381 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Parrott, Robert Parker (5 Oct. 1804-24 Dec. 1877), soldier, inventor, and arms manufacturer,was born in Lee, New Hampshire, the son of John Fabyan Parrott, a shipowner, sea captain, and later a U.S. congressman and senator, and Hannah Skilling Parker, the daughter of a revolutionary privateer.
		Parrott was in a historical position to play an early role in the development of rifled ordnance with its potential for greater range and accuracy than the smoothbore ordnance that dominated artillery into the mid-nineteenth century.
		In the final analysis Parrott guns played a major role in introducing rifled artillery, though they were caught in an early stage of technological development and military readiness that limited their place in the transition to modern warfare.
	www.libarts.ucok.edu /history/faculty/roberson/course/1483/suppl/chpXV/Robert%20Parrott.%20Weapons%20Designer.htm (1367 words)

	Robert Parker Parrott
		Parrott's cannons were distinguished by a single reinforcing band around the breech of the cast-iron tube.
		Parrott's patents # 33,099 and 33,100 are his first projectile patents.
		The "Parrott projectile" was tried early in 1861 - was sent to Washington and Fort Pickens in May of that year on the Order of the Ordnance Department - April 30th, and is the only projectile I have ever furnished for the 30 Pdr and larger calibers.
	www.civilwarartillery.com /inventors/Parrott.htm (2807 words)

	Artillery, Iron Balls and Exploding Shells
		The Parrott, a common field rifle used during the Civil War, weighed about 900 pounds, and was capable of firing a ten-pound shell as many as 3,500 yards.
		The family of Parrott rifles is easily recognized by the distinguishing band of iron wrapped around the breech of the gun.
		Robert Parker Parrott, the inventor of this gun, and its rifled design, produced many variations of this gun.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/15678/84468 (566 words)

	The Parrott Guns
		The 30-pound Parrott Gun was used by Union armies to besiege Confederate forts and fortified cities across the south, most famously at Vicksburg, Mississippi; Port Hudson, Louisiana; and Fort Macon, North Carolina.
		Parrott Guns were also known as Parrott Rifles because of their rifled bore, five grooves running the length of the barrel with a right-hand twist.
		Early in the day, the rounds from the Parrotts were carrying over the fort, but by noon they had found their range.
	home.earthlink.net /~ggghostie/parrott.html (833 words)

	PHILIPSTOWN MOSAIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Robert Parker Parrott, a Yankee, born Oct., 1804 in New Hampshire, came to center stage in the West Point Foundry from his promotion to Captain of Ordnance during duty in an 1835 uprising against the Creek Indians in the south.
		Parrott had claimed also to have invented a structural technique to do with strengthening a cannon’s bore where the strain of firing was greatest.
		Regardless of Robert Parrott’s personal perils, it appears substantially clear that the New Englander was graciously endowed with a keenly creative mind in every aspect of the field of endeavor he had chosen upon graduation from West Point.
	www.pcnr.com /news/Column/07-17-02.html (713 words)

	Robert Parker Parrott -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Parrott was graduated from the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y., in 1824 but resigned from the army in 1836 to become superintendent of the West Point Foundry.
		Parker was the principal stimulus of the modern jazz idiom known as bebop, and—together with Louis Armstrong and Ornette Coleman—he was one of the three great revolutionary geniuses in jazz.
		Francis Parker was born on Oct. 9, 1837, in Bedford, N.H. At 21 he became the principal of a school in Carrollton, Ill. After serving in the American Civil War, he returned to teaching and developed a program of progressive education.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9058562 (703 words)

	West Point in the Making of America
		Parrott received an artillery commission upon graduation, but spent his first five years after graduation teaching physics at West Point.
		In 1839 Parrott married Kemble’s sister, Mary, and leased the foundry from his brother-in-law.
		In 1861 he patented a rifled cannon, strengthened by a wrought-iron hoop around the rear of the barrel, and an expanding explosive shell.
	americanhistory.si.edu /westpoint/history_2b3.html (142 words)

	Parrott's West Point Reunion Obituary
		Robert Parker Parrott's Birth Record from his Family.
		Parrott died Dec. 24, 1877, at Cold Spring, NY, located on the Hudson River, at age 73.
		Robert Parker Parrott was born Oct. 4, 1804, at Lee, N.H.; entered the U.S. Military Academy of West Point July 1, 1820, and was graduated with honors July 1, 1824, receiving at that time the appointments of Brevet Second Lieutenant and Second Lieutenant, being assigned to the Third Regiment of Artillery.
	www.civilwarartillery.com /inventors/ParrottBio.htm (735 words)

	Civil War Artillery - Weaponry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The M1863 10-pounder Parrott was slightly modified; the bore was increased to 3.0 inches, to make its ammunition consistent with that of the new 3-inch ordnance rifle, and the muzzle swell was eliminated.
		The novelty in his method was not in the reinforce, but in the method of attachment; the wrought iron band was allowed to cool in place while the gun was rotated, which allowed the reinforce to clamp on uniformly around the circumference of the breech.
		The Parrott system became the workhorse rifle of the artillery for the first years of the War, and continued to be produced in quantity even after the introduction of the ordnance rifle, which was preferred by many artillerymen.
	www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/6099 (892 words)

	Technology and the Development of Field Artillery through
		Robert Parker Parrott, Superintendent of the West Point Foundry, received a patent in 1861 for a far superior method of reinforcement - the cast iron breech was wrapped with a wrought iron coil hammered into a welded cylinder.
		The ten-pounder Parrott with three lands (the raised bits between grooves) and grooves was the standard field piece.
		This relationship did not hold for rifles, so there is a mix of terminology, e.g., a 20-pounder Parrott rifle (Figure 5) had the same diameter bore as a six-pounder smoothbore gun, but fired a shell that weighed 20 lbs (Ripley, 1970).
	www.x-cd.com /usma/ehlen1/ehlen1.htm (5914 words)

	Don MacDonald Column (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Robert Parker Parrott of illustrious ordnance fame, and at one time, general superintendent of the foundry, saw fit, in Sept., 1867, to give a portion of his land holdings to the purpose of erecting St. Mary’s II.
		While Parrott, an Episcopalian, would personally fund the project, he did request assistance from fellow administrators and workers at the foundry, as well as from what turned out to be a resounding chorus of affirmation from the village citizenry, in the form of subscriptions.
		Parrott, the ever-wise Yankee from New Hampshire, hand-picked such men meticulously, since this structure was envisioned to become the most splendrous church in this region of the Hudson Valley.
	www.pcnr.com /news/Column/06-20-01_3.html (743 words)

	PARROTT RIFLES
		Robert P. Parrott, at the West Point Foundry, came up with a new method for strengthening a cast iron gun with a band of wrought iron at the breech.
		The 2.9-inch caliber Parrott rifle is, and should be, referred to as a 10-pounder Parrott rifle and the 3-inch caliber should be referred to as only a Model 1863 3-inch caliber Parrott rifle, not a 10-pounder Parrott rifle.
		The system of rifled ordnance designed by Robert Parker Parrott is the best example of the confusion resulting from the attempt to pour new wine into old bottles.
	www.angelfire.com /oh2/philo/Parrott.html (907 words)

	Vicksburg Cannon: More Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The sound of a Parrott Gun on being fired is similar to the crack of a rifle.
		A shell from a 10lb Parrott gun, in passing through the air, sounds like the planeing of a board.
		The sound of a 20lb Parrott shell is deep between a buzz and a groan.
	www.vicksburgcannon.com /more_info.html (188 words)

	PARKER - PARROTT
		PARKER, Calvert Co. [CA], Gent., for £150, "Clarks Inheritance" on the west side of South River adj.
		PARKER, CA, Gent., 200 acres of "Roper Gray" on hill by Spring Branch, bounded by land sold to Thos.
		PARKER, land bought of Philip LYNES in St. Mary's Co. To granddau.
	genforum.genealogy.com /md/messages/11271.html (586 words)

	Artillery Pieces of the Civil War
		Robert Parker Parrott was the first to successfully turn out quantities of rifled cast iron cannon thru a new method of attaching a reinforcing wrought iron band to the breech end of the gun.
		The Parrott gun became the workhorse of the artillery for the first years of the war, and continued to be produced in quantity even after the introduction of the 3-inch ordinance rifle.
		The Whitworth Breech Loading cannon was an English model gun imported by the Confederacy during the early months of the war before the blockade was tightened enough to be effective.
	members.tripod.com /~ProlificPains/arty.htm (3571 words)

	Big Guns at Gettysburg
		Designed before the war by Captain Robert Parker Parrott, this gun was longer than a Napoleon, sleeker in design, and distinguishable by a thick band of iron wrapped around the breech.
		The Parrott design went through several improvements during the war and was changed in 1863 to a larger 3-inch bore and matching Parrott shell.
		Parrott Rifles in 10 and 20-pounder sizes were sprinkled throughout some southern batteries.
	www.nps.gov /gett/soldierlife/artillery.htm (2272 words)

	West Point Foundry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The foundry was run by Governeur Kemble who hired Robert Parker Parrott as superintendent in 1836.
		Parrott, a graduate of West Point, resigned from the army to serve as Superintendent of the foundry for more than 30 years.
		He was responsible fro the creation a large variety of Parrott rifles which were used extensively by Union soldiers throughout the Civil War.
	www.angelfire.com /ny3/sunshyn178/abandoned/foundry.html (489 words)

	Putnam County Historical Society & Foundry School Museum
		Parrott improved upon the ordnance hardware known as the Rodman Gun.
		Parrott’s papers reveal the extent of his skills and confidence as a business man and innovator of modern ordnance.
		Parrott, Robert P. Cornell Era: This is primarily a blueprint collection.
	www.pchs-fsm.org /pchs-wpf-archives.html (2027 words)

	The Cannon Problem
		Robert Parker Parrott (1804-1877) was commissioned upon graduation as a Second Lieutenant of the Artillery.
		Parrott rifles saw extensive use in field and siege as well as aboard ship throughout the Civil War.
		The experimental Parrott will be test fired with zero degrees elevation on a range which has a safety wall constructed five feet behind the end of the carriage trails as shown in Figure 2.
	www.dean.usma.edu /math/pubs/mmm99/C6.HTM (2689 words)

	Re: Robert P. Parrott and Family, NY - inven
		I did some research at the Putnam Museum in Cold Spring, NY about three years ago to see if there was a connection between "my" Parritt line and Robert Parker.
		Peter Pearse Parrott info was included in the file for Col. Robert Parker Parrott.
		Also it is commonly known that Col. Parrott's family gave the land (where the house sat) to St. Mary's Episcopal church.
	www.genealogyboard.com /parrott/messages/840.html (162 words)

	Robert Parker Parrott
		PARROTT, Robert Parker, inventor, born in Lee, New Hampshire, 5 October, 1804; died in Cold Spring, New York, 24 December, 1877.
		Parrott's guns are of cast-iron, and in the larger calibres are hollow-cast on the plan invented by Gem Thomas J. Rodman, and cooled from the inside, as in his method, by a stream of cold water running through the bore.
		During the war Captain Parrott refused to enrich himself by charging the government an extravagant price for his guns, and at its close he voluntarily cancelled a large contract that had recently been awarded him.
	www.famousamericans.net /robertparkerparrott (494 words)

	William Britain Civil War Series 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The family of Parrott rifles is distinguishable by the reinforcing band of wrought iron around the breech, in the case of the 10-pounder about 13 inches wide.
		The usual powder charge was one pound and the range at 5 degrees elevations was between 2400 and 3000 yards.
		A solid iron bolt was designed to be fired by the Parrott field guns; however, the most common ammunition used was shell and case with various time fuses.
	www.ertltoys.com /brand/britain/2002/cw_parrott_cannon.shtml (400 words)

	Civil War Artillery - Weaponry
		Robert Parker Parrott is the best example of the confusion resulting from the attempt to pour new wine into old bottles.
		The system of ordnance adopted by the U.S. Army in the 1840's was the picture of simplicity: six- and 12-pounder field guns, 12-, 24-, and 32-pounder field howitzers, 18- and 24-pounder siege and garrison guns, and 32- and 42-pounder sea-coast guns.
		The family of Parrott rifles is easily recognizable by the reinforcing band of wrought iron, in the case of the 10-pounder about 13 inches wide, covering the breech and reinforce.
	www.cwartillery.org /aguns.html (2195 words)

	PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON - MILITARY APPOINTMENT SIGNED 07/01/1836 CO-SIGNED BY: LEWIS CASS
		Parrott was then assigned to the Third Regiment of Artillery with the rank of Second Lieutenant.
		Captain Robert P. Parrott was assigned as Assistant to the Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and reported to Washington, D.C. He resigned this commission just four months later and became Superintendent at the West Point Iron and Cannon Foundry, Cold Spring, New York, just across the Hudson River from the Academy.
		The PARROTT RIFLE and cannon were used extensively by the U.S. government during the Civil War, first being put to the test at Bull Run.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/9_2002/presidents/PRESIDENT_ANDREW_JACKSON1.htm (527 words)

	ROBERT PARKER PARROTT - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 11/16/1868
		Parrott spent more than ten years researching and experimenting with various kinds of weaponry with the goal of producing a more efficient and cheaper rifled cannon.
		In 1861, he received a patent for strengthening a cast iron cannon with a wrought iron hoop shrunken around the breech at the part surrounding the explosive charge.
		When the war ended, Parrott ceased his gun manufacturing but continued to run the iron furnace that supplied the foundry until his death in 1877.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/1_2002/business/ROBERT_PARKER_PARROTT.htm (318 words)

	Parrott rifle - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Parrott rifle - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 05:54, 4 Apr 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Parrott rifle contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Parrott_rifle (165 words)

	GATEWAY TO THE WEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There were three special guns of the Parrott type (The Japanese made a gun patterned after the Confederate Parrott gun but smaller and using two metal bands to adjust to rifles.) made in England and shipped to the United States, landing at Charleston, SC, before the outbreak of the Civil War.
		The Parrott gun was invented by Robert Parker Parrott, an American inventor.
		The original Parrott gun was a cast-iron muzzle loader with rifled barrel, throwing heavy shot or loaded shells.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~duncanrw/gatewayseries/gatewaywestpt4.htm (6778 words)

	The Missing Cannon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cooper's Battery was the only Federal battery equipped with Parrott rifles on that part of the field.
		Akers sold the farm in 1965 and shortly after the family vacated the property, the Parrott rifle disappeared under somewhat mysterious circumstances.
		The tube is a U.S. Model 1861 10-pounder Parrott rifle with a 2.9-inch bore and what appears to be more than a foot missing from the muzzle.
	www.nps-vip.net /history/museum/cannon/cannon.htm (444 words)

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