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Topic: Robert de Boron

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	Robert de Boron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Robert de Boron (also spelled in the manuscripts "Bouron", "Beron") was a French poet of the late 12th and early 13th centuries, originally from the village of Boron, in the arrondissement of Montbéliard.
		Robert de Boron is the first author to give the Holy Grail myth an explicitly Christian dimension.
		His family is unknown, though the second author of the Prose Tristan claimed to be Robert's nephew, calling himself "Helie de Boron".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_de_Boron (459 words)

	Paper for 11th Canadian Hydrogen Conference (19 June 2001)
		Elemental boron can't get quite as free a ride as that, but as 31 mass percent of boria, it does have the capability of getting to its destination as a 31 percent load in a vessel that must go there anyway to pick up a full load of boria for the next run.
		Boron is a little denser than boria, insoluble, involatile, infusible, apparently physiologically inert, and unable to burn in air.
		Boron combustors won't be entirely free of gaseous emissions because their oxygen supply won't be entirely pure.
	www.eagle.ca /~gcowan/Paper_for_11th_CHC.html (3697 words)

	Robert de Boron — Joseph of Arimathea, from Lundy Isle of Avalon by Mystic Realms
		Robert de Boron — Joseph of Arimathea, from Lundy Isle of Avalon by Mystic Realms
		One of the earliest Grail Romances, the poem called ‘Joseph of Arimathea’, was composed by Robert de Boron between 1180 and 1199.
		De Boron tells how one of Pontius Pilate's soldiers, Joseph of Arimathea was secretly a follower of Jesus.
	www.lundyisleofavalon.co.uk /texts/boronjoseph.htm (506 words)

	Grail Legends - Origin of the Grail
		Robert de Boron actually made some major additional events to Chretien's Grail romance, as well as to the early history of King Arthur, based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's work.
		However, famine hit their small community, and Boron says that it was caused by someone who had committed the sin of lust, which caused suffering and hardship to the whole community.
		Josephus replied that the seat was reserved for the Grail Knight (Galahad), because it symbolised the seat of Jesus (according to Robert de Boron, it was the seat of Judas Iscariot).
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/keeper.html (10881 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Holy Grail
		Of the Early History versions the oldest is the metrical trilogy of Robert de Boron, composed between 1170 and 1212, of which only the first part, the "Joseph d'Arimathie," and a portion of the second, the "Merlin," are extant.
		The first Grail romances was then probably written in Latin and became the basis for the work of Robert de Boron, who was an English knight under King Henry II, and a contemporary of Chrestien and of Map.
		Robert de Boron's poem was edited by Michel, "Le roman du St. Graal" (Bordeaux, 1841), Malory's "Morte D'Arthur" by Sommer (London, 1889-91), and the Perlesvaus rendered into English by Evans, "The High History of the Holy Grail" (London, 1898).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06719a.htm (2206 words)

	EBK: Robert de Boron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert presumably hailed from Boron - a small village about fifteen miles from Montbeliard - where he appears to have been a cleric of some sort.
		So Robert's Arthurian trilogy must have been written in the very late 12th century, probably after the Glastonbury monks' 1191 "discovery" of King Arthur's body, since Robert's 'Vales of Avalon' would seem to be in Somerset.
		Robert was the first to identify Sir Percivale's Grail as the Last Supper vessel used by St.
	www.earlybritishkingdoms.com /arthur/boron.html (252 words)

	Holy Grail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Though Chrétien’s account is the earliest and most influential of all Grail texts, it was in the work of Robert de Boron that the Grail truly became the "Holy Grail" and assumed the form most familiar to modern readers.
		In his verse romance Joseph d’Arimathie, composed between 1191 and 1202, Robert tells the story of Joseph of Arimathea acquiring the chalice of the Last Supper to collect Christ’s blood upon His removal from the cross.
		Other authors had their own ideas; Robert de Boron portrayed it as the vessel of the Last Supper, and Peredur had no Grail per se, presenting the hero instead with a platter containing his kinsman's bloody, severed head.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grail (2676 words)

	Merlin (wizard): Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Somewhat later the poet Robert de Boron (Robert de Boron: robert de boron (also spelled in the manuscripts "bouron", "beron") was a french poet of...
		In Robert's account Merlin is begotten by a devil from hell on a virgin (though she did not miraculously remain virgin) as an intended Antichrist (Antichrist: (Christianity) the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament; the Antichrist will rule the world until overthrown by the Second Coming of Christ).
		Robert de Boron lays great emphasis on Merlin's power to change his shape, on his joking personality and on his connection to the Grail.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/merlin_wizard (2671 words)

	The prose romance of Perceval
		In both manuscripts in which the prose Perceval or Didot Perceval is found, it is preceded by a prose version of the poem Joseph d'Arimathie by Robert de Boron and by a prose Merlin which is an obvious sequel to the Joseph.
		Roach, believing it to be the rehandling of de Boron's poem, would date the de Boron original composition between 1190 and 1212, and the prose romance would in his opinion not be much later than the original poetic version.
		He did not believe in an original de Boron Perceval poem and assumed, probably incorrectly, that the prose romance was later than the immense prose Vulgate Cycle and indebted to it.
	www.ancienttexts.org /library/celtic/ctexts/pdpreface.html (1074 words)

	Chretien de Troyes and Wolfram’s Titurel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert de Boron the English Grail romancer has been portrayed as a sympathizer with the heretics, but his depiction of the Trinity and his views on marriage, a particular dislike of the Cathars, are entirely in concordance with the teachings of the Church."
		There are also indications that Wolfram read Robert de Boron, and although there is much less theology in Wolfram, when Trevrizent teaches Parzival about the love of God, many of the themes are echoes of the scene in which Joseph instructs the emperor Vespasian in Joseph d'Arimathie.
		Wolfram, like Robert, insists on the secrets of the Grail, even though he dramatically re-imagines these, and when Robert was writing in a strictly orthodox Christian context; Wolfram is writing in the light of an interest in or knowledge of the kind of scientific learning that had come from Arabic Spain in the twelfth century.
	sociologyesoscience.com /esoterica/wolframst.html (1664 words)

	ECC > Croeso > King Arthur > Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert Wace was the first of these, writing in 1150.
		Robert de Boron was the first writer to actively "Christianize" the Arthurian tales.
		Robert de Boron's work was closely followed by that of Chrétien de Troyes' "The Story of the Grail" (french)
	www.euro-celts.com /croeso/Arthur/Literature.htm (284 words)

	Prose Merlin: Introduction
		In the Robert de Boron section the narrative is relatively simple, straightforward, and single-stranded; in the Sequel it becomes far more digressive and diffuse, and more importantly, it becomes multi-stranded.
		In the fourth episode of the Robert de Boron section, King Uther becomes enamored with Ygerne, the wife of the Duke of Tintagel, and he soon begins waging a civil war against his Cornish liegeman.
		The final episode in the Robert de Boron section relates the famous story in which Arthur draws the sword from the stone, thus proving that he is Britain's king by divine election.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/teams/pmint.htm (5253 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: The Holy Grail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		To the Early History class belong: "Joseph d'Arimathie" and "Merlin" by Robert de Boron (1170); the "Grand Saint Graal" (13th century); and the French prose romance, "Queste del Saint Graal," which was embodied in Malory's "Morte d'Arthur." In all of these the quest assumes a sacred character.
		The Grail is said to have been the dish used by Christ at the Paschal supper, to have been used by Joseph of Arimathea to gather the Precious Blood of Christ, and to have been brought to England.
		Robert de Boron, an English knight, used this work as a basis.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03983.htm (332 words)

	Robert de Boron: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Robert de Boron (also spelled in the manuscripts "Bouron", "Beron") was a French (French: The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) poet of the 13th century (13th century: (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries)...
		[follow hyperlink for more...]), originally from the village of Boron, in the département (département: more facts about this subject) of Montbéliard (Montbéliard: montbéliard (german: mömpelgard) is a commune in the doubs département, in...
		Although Le Gentil describes him as a "poet endowed with boldness and piety but with mediocre talent", his version of the Grail myth was adopted by almost all of the later writers of the Matter of Britain (Matter of Britain: the matter of britain is a name given collectively to the legends that concern the...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/robert_de_boron (298 words)

	Holy Grail - Crystalinks
		Though Chretien's account is the earliest and most influential of all Grail texts, it was in the work of Robert de Boron that the Grail truly became the Holy Grail and assumed the form most familiar to modern readers.
		The identification of the sacro catino with the Grail is not made until later, however, by Jacobus de Voragine in his chronicle of Genoa, written at the close of the 13th century.
		Lancelot of the Lake (1974) is Robert Bresson's gritty retelling.
	www.crystalinks.com /holygrail.html (4459 words)

	Theosophical Society in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		De Boron gives a definitively Christian tenor to his Grail story, presenting the knights’ quest as a spiritual search rather than the usual courtly adventure undertaken for a lady’s love or the king’s honor.
		Robert de Boron’s account introduces the Grail as the chalice Jesus used at the Last Supper.
		The star of this romance is Galahad—here a descendant of King Solomon—who is devout, chaste, and destined from birth to achieve the Grail.
	www.theosophical.org /theosophy/questmagazine/novdec03/ralls (3268 words)

	The Arthurian story: some important steps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Grail was a mysterious dish in Chretien, but became the cup of the last supper in Robert de Boron’s Le Roman du Graal (Joseph d’Arimathie) about 1200.
		Round Table is linked to the table of the Last Supper: it is the third significant “table” in a series beginning with the last supper, passing to one set up by Joseph to celebrate the service of the Grail and ending with Arthur’s table..
		Robert also composed a verse Merlin, of which only a fragment survives, and a prose Perceval, of which nothing survives.
	www.siue.edu /~jzatta/eng509/arthur.htm (2808 words)

	King Arthur: A Man for the Ages--The Authors
		Gildas: sixth-century monk wrote De Excidio Britannia, On the Ruin of Britain, which is basically a tirade against the destructive Saxons who were overrunning his beloved land.
		Robert de Boron: a 13-century French poet who wrote three poems (Joseph d'Arimathe, Merlin, Perceval) telling the early history of the Holy Grail.
		It is also in Robert that we see the introduction of the Sword in the Stone, although Robert places the Sword in an anvil on top of the Stone.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingarthurauthors.html (698 words)

	King Arthur Conquers Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Arthurian cycle written by Robert de Boron includes Joseph of Arimathea and tells how it is through Joseph and his extended family that the Grail comes to rest in Britain.
		Boron continues the story of the Grail in Merlin and finishes it in Perceval.
		This paper considers how far the latter role remains significant in the Arthurian romances of Chretien de Troyes, and especially the Parzifal of Wolfram von Eschenbach, and makes the case for Wolfram’s view of Kay’s acidic tongue as a vital regulatory force for Arthur, for his court, and perhaps for courts in general.
	www.uiowa.edu /~mmla/abstracts2004/kingarthurconquers.htm (451 words)

	Grail Legends (Perceval's Tradition)
		It should be noted that this Continuation was by then influenced by the works of Robert de Boron, since there are references to the Joseph of Arimathea.
		We have Boron to thank for, for connecting the Holy Grail to the cup used by Jesus in the Last Supper and to Joseph of Arimathea.
		Boron had identified the Grail as a chalice, whereas Chretien said it was a dish and Wolfram von Eschenbach thought it was a stone!
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/quest1.html#Marvels (11234 words)

	King Arthur: Literature of the Legends--Robert de Boron
		According to Robert, the Grail is the cup used at the Last Supper and also the cup in which
		But back to Robert: The second part of his cycle is what Arthurian scholars are most interested in.
		It is interesting to note, however, that Robert envisions the Round Table as being created by Uther, not Arthur, and that Joseph is not said to have visited Britain.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/legendliterature2.html (513 words)

	Arthur's Round Table: Early References in Literature
		Robert de Boron, Merlin: third in a series of three poems in the 13th-century French cycle of "Vulgate Grail romances" about the history of the Grail, the cup that Christ used at the Last Supper.
		Robert de Boron's account of Arthur's Round Table is found in the Prose Merlin.
		According to Robert de Boron, the fellowship of Round Table knights had been reduced to 100 as a result of knights being killed in battle, and Arthur commissions Merlin to appoint 50 new knights to fill the seats.
	www.csuohio.edu /english/malRT1.html (998 words)

	French Literature
		Robert here identifies Chretien's grail as the cup of the Last Supper.
		Robert is credited with writing a tale of Merlin's life and how he became Arthur's counsellor.
		Reconstructed from scattered fragments and translations, the Post-Vulgate is a considered acontinuation of the Vulgate Cycle, but unlike the Vulgate, this version was set in threephases.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jjd23/corecoll/french.html (442 words)

	The Chalice of the First Sacrament
		Boron, which may have been his birthplace or his property, is a village near Montbéliard, and he tells us that he wrote under the patronage of a certain lord known to history, Gautier de Montbéliard, who departed for Italy in 1199, took part in the Fourth Crusade, and never returned."
		"Robert introduces an entirely new group of persons, headed by one Brons, who is to be keeper of the Grail after Joseph's death and, springing out of this, in the introduction of a mission of conversion.
		Robert de Boron dispatched Petrus (one of the sons of Bron) to the quot;vales of Avaron" - or Avalon, the low lying marshlands which surround Glastonbury Tor, England.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/gnosis/avalon.html (4338 words)

	Robert de Boron
		Robert’s importance in the development of the legend consists in the fact that his is the first complete biography of Arthur that puts the Grail at the center of the story; moreover, his romances were ultimately the sources for the Vulgate Cycle and the
		Perceval, or The Story of the Grail; Chrétien’s story itself is reinterpreted by Robert, who has now decided that the Grail is the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper, and by Joseph of Arimathea to collect the blood of Christ immediately after the Crucifixion.
		Didot Perceval (after a previous owner of the manuscript), is a prose version of Robert’s conclusion.
	www.moval.edu /faculty/adderleym/Arthur/robert.htm (973 words)

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