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Topic: Robotic mapping

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	Robotic mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The goal is for an autonomous robot to be able to construct a map and to localize itself in it.
		A good algorithm in robotic mapping may combine the information from the past, the present and the future (Trullier et al.
		The map is then a graph (mathematics), in which the nodes corresponds to places, an arc to the paths.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/robotic_mapping (521 words)

	Mapping
		Mapping class group In geometric topology, the mapping class group is an important algebraic invariant of a topological...
		Normal mapping In grayscale image, the source for the normals in normal mapping is usually a set of more detailed versio...
		Robotic mapping The problem of Robotic mapping is related to cartography.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/mapping.html (339 words)

	Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory: Videos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		There are many robotics application areas that can benefit from the use of multi-robot systems, i.g., environment monitoring, autonomous construction, search and rescue, etc. The main focus of our research is to develop an online, de-centralized, coordinated motion strategy for a group of robots so that they achieve a given task as a team.
		Robotic mapping and localization have been highly active research areas in robotics and AI for at least two decades.
		Robotic mapping addresses the problem of acquiring spatial models of physical environments through mobile robots.
	www-robotics.usc.edu /~embedded/research/videos.html (381 words)

	WEBFAIR technology
		Maps are also necessary for human-robot interaction since they allow users to direct the robot to places in the environment.
		Mathematically, a sequence of robot poses and corresponding maps is calculated by maximizing the marginal likelihood of each pose and map relative to the previous pose and map.
		In the mapping context, the E-step is responsible for calculating the state of the robot at each point in time, while the EM step is responsible for utilizing the calculated states in order to recompute the map.
	www.ics.forth.gr /webfair/technology.html (4108 words)

	Robotic Characterization of Mine Voids
		Robots are emerging as a means for locating and delineating mine voids.
		Robots can generate 3-D models by occupying voids with remote machines and measuring surfaces like pillars and ceilings using sonar and laser sensors to gather data that is processed to create maps.
		Robots and remote range sensors are distinguishing themselves as new tools of the mine void mapping industry.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /mine/ky03ab05.htm (251 words)

	Evolution Robotics Introduces Breakthrough Solution for Robot Navigation - Robotics Online
		Robotics Online is sponsored by Robotic Industries Association, and provides information to help engineers, managers and executives apply and justify robotics and flexible automation.
		With this novel approach to localization and mapping, the robot builds a visual map consisting of a set of unique ‘‘landmarks’‘ created as the robot explores its environment.
		Evolution Robotics mission is to accelerate the personal robot industry and help spur the creation of a variety of highly functional personal robot products that will become indispensable in our daily lives, at home and at work.
	www.roboticsonline.com /public/articles/archivedetails.cfm?id=920 (680 words)

	Robotics Institute: Distributed Robotic Mapping of Extreme Environments
		In the extreme environments posed by war fighting, fire fighting, and nuclear accident response, the cost of direct human exposure is levied in terms of injury and death.
		Hebert, "Distributed Robotic Mapping of Extreme Environments," Proceedings of SPIE: Mobile Robots XV and Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies VII, Vol.
		The Robotics Institute is part of the School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University.
	www.ri.cmu.edu /pubs/pub_3506_text.html (328 words)

	Netsurfer Robotics - NSR.01.11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Robot Wars distinguishes itself from the pack with its own team of aesthetic and deadly house robots, the smallest of which is able to tow a Hummer.
		Researchers in legged robots have decided to take a lesson from Mother Nature and the result is a dynasty of "Sprawls", fast, stable hexapods that have achieved speeds of 5 bodylengths a second running on compressed air.
		Critics argue against the expense of robotic mapping techniques, although the researchers at CMU are pressing ahead with prototypes.
	www.netsurf.com /nsr/nsr.01.11.html (3301 words)

	The Digital Age : Photographic Mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Creating a complete and accurate map of the Universe is one of humanity's oldest quests.
		Astronomers today use several different techniques to map the foamy network of galaxies that extends outward through space and backward through time.
		In the 1940s and '50s, astronomers at the Palomar Observatory used the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope to map the entire sky on photographic plates.
	www.nasm.si.edu /galleries/gal111/universe/etu/html/digital_age/architecture/photographic_mapping.html (141 words)

	Robotic 3D Mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The robot platform used for this project is Pygmalion equipped with two horizontal SICK LMS 200 sensors with a field of view of 360 degrees and a high precision 2D localization system developed by Kai Arras.
		As the robot moves through the environment, the 2D data of the vertical sensor has to be registered with the data output by the 2D localization system in order to produce real three-dimensional data.
		At this early stage of work, it is assumed that a 2D map of the environment is known such that the robot can localize itself in two dimensions without simultaneously building a map (details).
	asl.epfl.ch /research/projects/ThreeDMapping/roboticMapping.php (562 words)

	Case Studies - Robotic Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		A study of various sensors, for strictly robotics needs (terrain modelling, obstacle detection) or scientific needs in Antarctica within the Franco-Italian project "Concordia" in collaboration with Carnegie Mellon University.
		A Riegl laser rangefinder mounted on the stereo camera mast is used by the navigation system to detect obstacles in the robot's path.
		Nomand is a four wheel robot designed to traverse planetary analogous terrain.
	www.3dlasermapping.com /l/case_studies_robotic (216 words)

	How They Make Golf Video Games
		To compare the old way of GPS mapping with today’s version is like comparing the gutta percha golf ball to the Pro V1.
		In an era where information is king, the data that can be generated by this type of mapping should be classified as priceless.
		Small maps can be generated to help orient new employees or troubleshoot a drainage problem on a certain portion of a fairway.
	www.ncga.org /turf/turf14.htm (831 words)

	Exploration via Cooperative Robotic Interaction
		The robots will be able to keep track of their relative location to the starting position, providing an initial reference point.
		The robots can be used in demonstrations to high school students, college students, and people in industry who might be interested in how PSU is addressing the growing field of robotics.
		These robots will be kept in the robotics lab at PSU and be available to students who wish to pursue other avenues of experimentation involving searching, mapping, or collaborative problem solving.
	www.ece.pdx.edu /~ras/ATTGrant.html (964 words)

	ActivMedia Robotics
		ROBOTIC CHARIOT is based on a Pride Mobility Jazzy 1120 power chair integrated with ActivMedia Robotics Control Systems (ARCS) including Laser Mapping and Navigation and ARIA software-compatible with all ActivMedia robots.
		Robotic Chariot's powerful motors and 2 drive-wheels can reach speeds of 7kph and carry a payload of up to 100 kg.
		Robotic Chariots's are made for use indoors or outdoors; they run on carpet, floor, packed earth and paved surfaces.
	www.activrobots.com /ROBOTS/RoboChariot.html (553 words)

	Carnegie Mellon Press Release: August 28, 2002
		The students will work as a team to develop a robot capable of exploring and evaluating the boundaries and conditions similar to those that may have contributed to the recent Quecreek accident.
		The robot also must contain computer interfaces enabling people to view the results of its explorations and use the maps it develops.
		Scientists in the area of probabilistic robotics, which involves the science of how to integrate data, hope to use the data generated by the robot, while an entrepreneurship course in the business school will use the project to generate plans to develop a commercial robot to serve the mining industry.
	www.cmu.edu /PR/releases02/020828_minerobot.html (718 words)

	ICANNGA 2005
		Robotic mapping and navigation in unknown environments using adaptive automata.
		The proposed system allows the robot to explore the entire environment and acquire the information incoming from the sensors while it travels and, due to the adaptability inherent to the mapping method, the system is capable to increase the memory usage according to the already mapped area.
		The map, built using the adaptive technique, is useful to provide navigation information for the robot, allowing it to move on the environment.
	icannga05.dei.uc.pt /conference/overview/adapt_tech.html (594 words)

	Reviews of Distributed Multi-Robot Exploration and Mapping
		I thought the way that the robots closed loops to correct for their vision of the environment was very interesting and educational.
		Yet seeing these robots perform human measurements to a great deal of accuracy (to the point where we think the robots measurements are better than the judges measurements) is truly amazing.
		The Multi-Robot mapping problem seems a bit more difficult, but I was impressed with the abilities the current robots have at mapping and exploring.
	depts.washington.edu /lablunch/spring04/html/talk15.html (882 words)

	Project Description Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Outdoor mobile robots using D-GPS signals are able to determine their positions within a few meters accuracy.
		Instead, laser scanners offer sufficient sensory information for a robot to distinguish important indoor features, or landmarks (such as corners), that are useful for robot localization.
		Due to the limited resources on-board robots, the computational load of dense scan matching methods forbids their real-time use in mobile robot localization applications.
	avalon.epm.ornl.gov /projects/5205.html (516 words)

	The Digital Age : Robotic Assisted Mapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		It captures light using optical fibers, one for each galaxy, and can automatically rearrange the fibers to record the spectra and brightnesses of thousands of individual galaxies in a fairly short time.
		This technique has been used by astronomers at the Anglo-Australian Observatory in Australia to map some 250,000 galaxies across 5 percent of the sky to a depth far greater than earlier surveys.
		Two robotic devices, nicknamed Fred and Ginger, position Hectospec's 300 optical fibers so each captures the light from a single object.
	www.nasm.si.edu /galleries/gal111/universe/etu/html/digital_age/architecture/robot_assisted.html (164 words)

	invenção
		The 'blueprint' will be saved, added to other similar user created plans and then executed by the drawing robot on the physical site using pitch line marking fluid, thus creating life size plans.
		Issues of territoriality, mapping, memory and the relationships between ritual and artifact are all inherent in the site chosen, the Lebreton Flats in Ottawa, Canada.
		All of these elements are chronicled in the very earth itself, but also in maps, images, government documents and personal memories.
	www.itaucultural.org.br /invencao/papers/010.htm (1306 words)

	Subterranean Robotics - CMU Robotics Institute - A Case Study in Robotic Mapping of Abandoned Mines
		Mining operations depend on current, accurate maps of the active mine and adjacent mine works to limit the risk of encroachment and breeching.
		Remote mapping techniques such as ground penetrating radar and thermal imaging rely on geophysical models and assumptions to statistically infer the existence of underground voids.
		Only robots may enter and directly observe these otherwise inaccessible underground spaces, providing incontrovertible evidence of the mine’s existence and extent.
	www.frc.ri.cmu.edu /projects/minemap/static/visitpath=A1x66x1y1x404x1y1x42bx1y1x42fx1x65.html (260 words)

	Sebastian Thrun's Homepage
		This article provides a comprehensive introduction into the field of robotic mapping, with a focus on indoor mapping.
		It describes and compares various probabilistic techniques, as they are presently being applied to a vast array of mobile robot mapping problems.
		The history of robotic mapping is also described, along with an extensive list of open research problems.
	robots.stanford.edu /papers/thrun.mapping-tr.html (106 words)

	WHAT WOULD WE MISS IF WE CHARACTERIZED THE MOON AND MARS WITH JUST PLANETARY METEORITES, REMOTE MAPPING AND ROBOTIC ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Robotic exploration of the Moon included photography by lunar orbiters, surface soil analyses by the Surveyor and Luna landers, geochemical mapping by the Apollo orbiter -and x-ray experiments, and current mineralogical mapping by Clementine reflectance spectrometers.
		With geochemical mapping and imagination, we might have arrived at the magma ocean model for lunar evolution.
		Future geochemical or mineralogical mapping of Mars' surface should be able to tell us whether the dominant rock types of the ancient southern highlands are basaltic, anorthositic, granitic or something else, but will not be able to tell us the detailed mineralogy, geochemistry, or age.
	www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov /antmet/marsmets/PM_RM_RL.htm (671 words)

	SPACE.com -- Robotic Fish From China
		A robotic fish designed for underwater archaeology, mapping, water cultivation and even fishing has been co-developed by the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the Automation Research Institute (of the Chinese Academy of Sciences).
		The fl-bodied robot fish is about four feet long, and resembles a real fish in both shape and movement.
		The robot is controlled remotely with a palm-sized control pad.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/technovel_robofish_041210.html (356 words)

	Security Robots, Sensing, Wireless Monitoring
		ActivMedia Robotics SmartSeat is based on sophisticated autonomous robotic mapping and navigation capabilities uniquely available commercially in ActivMedia Robots.
		Robots create maps by recording and comparing the movements and distances sensed by motor shaft encoders, radial gyroscope and laser rangefinder Using complex stochastic techniques, the robot calculates its current position in relationship to the surrounding structure.
		The robot then calculates the best route to its next destination, considering any obstacles in its path.
	www.mobilerobots.com /SmartSeat.html (213 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Most of these meins are inaccessible to people, which motivates the development of robotic technology for mine exploration and mapping.
		From a mathematical perspective, the problem of robotic mapping of subterranean spaces is an instance of the simultaneous localization and mapping problem, or SLAM.
		In this talk, I will discuss a SLAM algorithm that represents a robot's map in log-likelihood form.
	www.cs.uml.edu /robots/reading-group/sebastian-thrun.txt (354 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Popularity of probabilistic approach based on fact that sensory data is itself characterised by uncertainty due to noise.
		Mapping is probably the hardest perceptual inference problem in robotics.¡8IZ2 ÷ó/¨ Thrun (2002)ª¨sSection 11: Discussion and Conclusion Four paradigms reviewed: Kalman filter techniques.
		Research issue: maps currently very basic, failing to exploit additional sensory information.¡f&ZZq’nZÄZ&qÄ ª,?§ó4¨ Thrun (2002)ª¨«Research issue: multi-agent systems (MAS) for mapping.
	www.csis.ul.ie /Modules/cs4878/lectures/lect-F-Thrun.ppt (160 words)

	Graduate Course to Develop Mobile Robot to Map Hazardous Abandoned Mines
		Graduate students taking "Mobile Robot Development" this fall will draw on unique mapping, planning and mobility technologies to prototype a robot capable of exploring and mapping abandoned mines.
		Whittaker himself developed three robots that assisted in the exploration and cleanup of the nuclear disaster at Three Mile Island.
		For additional information on the Mobile Robot Development course, see www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/academic/class/16861-f02/www/ Information on SLAM can be viewed at: www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~thrun/3D/, www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~thrun/3D/lit11.html and www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~3dvision/MineMapping/index.html.
	www.cmu.edu /cmnews/020906/020906_minemap.html (801 words)

	FSRL: Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Cole, J., Dubowsky, S., Rutman, N., and Sunada, C. The Application of Advanced Robotics and Sensor Technologies to the Preservation of the USS Constitution." Proceedings of the Conference on the Technical Aspects of Maintaining, Repairing, and Preserving Historically Significant Ships, Boston, MA, (invited), September 1994.
		Madhani, A. and Dubowsky, S. Planning Motions of Robotic Systems Subject to Force and Friction Constraints with an Application to a Robotic Climber." Proceedings of the 9th CISM-IFToMM Symposium on Theory and Practice of Robots and Manipulators (RoManSy 92), Udine, Italy, September 1992.
		Miguel A. Torres, "The Disturbance Map and Minimization of Fuel Consumption During Space Manipulator Maneuvers," MS Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 1989.
	robots.mit.edu /publications (8993 words)

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