Robotic spacecraft

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Topic: Robotic spacecraft

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	FLUG REVUE update: Week ending November 9, 1997
		Two robotic spacecraft scheduled for launch in mid-2001 to orbit and land on Mars will carry a descent camera, a multispectral imager, and a robotic rover capable of traversing tens of miles across the red planet's rocky highlands.
		Later the system will be the interface between the crew and the station and will allow the astronauts to operate the European Robotic Arm as well as the Progress, Soyuz and ATV spacecraft that will supply the station.
		The spacecraft's rover was to function for seven days, but it worked more than 80 days and may still be trying to call home.
	www.flug-revue.rotor.com /FRNews/FR971109.htm (2984 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		To analyze soil samples collected by the robotic arm, Phoenix will carry an "oven" and a "portable laboratory." Selected samples will be heated to release volatiles that can be examined for their chemical composition and other characteristics.
		In May 2008, the progeny of two promising U.S. missions to Mars will deploy a lander to the water-ice-rich northern polar region, dig with a robotic arm into arctic terrain for clues on the history of water, and search for environments suitable for microbes.
		The Phoenix mission is the first chosen for NASA's Scout program, an initiative for smaller, lower-cost, competed spacecraft.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/future/phoenix.html (489 words)

	RedNova News - NASA Puts Hands-Free Linkup to a Test
		The grounding of the shuttles after last year's Columbia tragedy has forced the space station to rely for re-supply on small robotic Russian spacecraft and prompted NASA to embark on a crash program to build its own robotic vehicle to service the aging Hubble.
		For its final approach, DART will use 16 gas thrusters, responding to signals from its "mission manager," the on-board software capable of tweaking the spacecraft's movements in response to information from its cameras and sensor arrays.
		DART's laser sensors will not work unless the target has a reflector, an important reason the technology cannot be used on a Hubble mission.
	www.rednova.com /news/display?id=97025 (489 words)

	Bibliographie des DLR (LIDO)
		This test report describes the performance and the results of a dedicated Modal Survey Test on the Flight Model of the European Robotic Arm ERA, which was performed prior to the strength verification of the spacecraft by means of a Boosted Modal Survey Test.
		European Robotic Arm, Modal Survey Test, Strength Verification
		Special emphasis is given to nonlinear behaviour of the spacecraft.
	www.dlr.de /lido/WB-AE/2001/1810462001.html (145 words)

	Phoenix (spacecraft) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In May, 2008, it will land in the planet's water-ice-rich northern polar region, and dig its robotic arm into arctic terrain searching for clues on the history of water, and search for environments suitable for microbes.
		The lander for Phoenix was built and was being tested to fly as part of the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, but that lander was canceled after the Mars Polar Lander was lost upon landing near Mars' south pole in December 1999.
		Phoenix is a partnership of universities, NASA centers, and the aerospace industry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft) (800 words)

	Stardust JPL NASA
		The contractor for the Stardust spacecraft is Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, Colorado.
		Stardust is the first U.S. space mission dedicated solely to the exploration of a comet, and the first robotic mission designed to return extraterrestrial material from outside the orbit of the Moon.
		The Stardust spacecraft was launched on February 7, 1999, from Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida, aboard a Delta II rocket.
	stardust1.jpl.nasa.gov /mission (617 words)

	Spacecraft Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ LaunchBase.org
		Spacecraft include robotic or unmanned space probes as well as manned vehicles.
		For spacecraft near the Sun, solar panels are frequently employed for this purpose.
		Spacecraft must be engineered to withstand the environmental rigors of outer space.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Spacecraft (468 words)

	NASA - Stardust - Closing in on a Comet
		Stardust is the first robotic spacecraft to fly by a comet and return extraterrestrial material to Earth.
		Stardust is the first spacecraft with the ability to retrieve samples obtained in space and return them to Earth for research.
		Spacecraft's shielding is breeched 10 times during flyby through comet's particles.
	www.nasa.gov /missions/solarsystem/stardust_main.html (298 words)

	TPS: Exploring Mars: The Phoenix (Mars Scout 1) Mission
		In addition, the spacecraft is equipped with a robotic arm that will be able to dig trenches in the soil almost as deep as the spacecraft is tall.
		The spacecraft was originally intended to be the Mars Surveyor 2001 lander, a mission that was canceled after the failure of its twin, Mars Polar Lander.
		For its new mission, the spacecraft will include many of the same instruments that flew onboard Mars Polar Lander, instruments that were to fly on Mars 2001, and include a few new instruments designed specifically for this mission.
	www.planetary.org /mars/phoenix.html (429 words)

	New Scientist SPACE - Breaking News - Mars mission rises from the ashes
		A NASA spacecraft that was shelved in 2000 after the dramatic loss of a related robotic mission is being dusted off for a planned launch to Mars in 2007, the agency announced on Thursday.
		That spacecraft was lost in 1999 after a software glitch apparently caused the rockets designed to slow it down for landing to shut off early, causing it to plummet 40 metres to the Martian surface.
		The spacecraft, which was originally meant to launch in 2001 as part of the Mars Surveyor programme, has been renamed Phoenix.
	www.newscientistspace.com /article/dn7464-mars-mission-rises-from-the-ashes.html (488 words)

	ScienceDaily: What Genesis Solar Particles Can Tell Us
		Genesis Set To Catch A Piece Of The Sun (July 13, 2001)-- NASA'S next robotic space explorer is ready to do a little sunbathing on a mission to catch a wisp of raw material from the luminous celestial body around which the Earth and other planets...
		NASA Genesis Spacecraft On Final Lap Toward Home (May 6, 2004)-- NASA's Genesis spacecraft flew past Earth on Saturday in a loop that puts it on track for home - and a dramatic mid-air recovery Sept. 8.
		Phoenix (spacecraft) -- The Phoenix is a NASA Mars lander scheduled to launch in August 2007 during a 22 day launch...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/09/040923093551.htm (1523 words)

	Stardust Spacecraft Processing/Launch Video from KSC
		Launched on February 7, 1999, Stardust is the first U.S. mission dedicated solely to a comet and the first robotic return of extraterrestrial material from outside the orbit of the Moon.
		Additionally, the Stardust spacecraft will also bring back samples of interstellar dust including the recently discovered dust streaming into the solar system from the direction of Sagittarius.
		STARDUST is the space mission that will fly close to a comet and, for the first time ever, bring cometary material back to Earth for analysis by scientists worldwide.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /payload/missions/stardust (202 words)

	CNN.com - 'Stardust' sweeps up space dust, snaps rare comet pics - Jan. 2, 2004
		ET today, the Stardust spacecraft reached its closest point with the massive chunk of ice and rock known as the Wild 2 Comet, getting within 200 miles at a relative speed of 13,645 mph, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration said.
		The Stardust spacecraft captured rare pictures of the nucleus of a comet.
		If it makes it back, the mission would be the first robotic retrieval of extraterrestrial material since 1976, when the Soviet Luna 24 returned soil and rock from the moon.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/01/02/stardust.comet (805 words)

	NASA - DARTing Into Space
		The system could guide spacecraft carrying cargo or equipment to the ISS, or be used by robotic spacecraft for retrieving or servicing satellites in orbit.
		The computer-guided DART spacecraft will be equipped with an Advanced Video Guidance Sensor and a Global Positioning System (GPS) that can receive signals from other spacecraft to allow DART to move within approximately 330 feet of the target.
		DART is scheduled to launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Ca.
	www.nasa.gov /missions/science/dart_into_space.html (805 words)

	(meteorobs) Excerpts from "CCNet DIGEST, 1 July 1999"
		Champollion is led by Brian Muirhead, a highly acclaimed manager from the Mars Pathfinder mission, which was praised throughout the world as an extraordinary blend of science, technology and robotic adventure.
		Champollion would be the first mission to utilize three ion engines and the first spacecraft with an inflatable solar array.
		Scientific instruments aboard the spacecraft to determine the composition, physical properties and morphology of the comet include a near field camera, microscope, IR spectrometer, panoramic camera, gas chromatograph, and mass spectrometer.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg13733.html (805 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS Lockheed Martin Probe Will Pick Up Where Lander Failed
		A robotic arm on Phoenix will dig 3 feet beneath the surface, scooping frozen soil and melting it in a set of tiny ovens to measure the water content and to look for minerals that may have formed during a wetter, warmer past climate.
		The 2001 spacecraft, about the size of a dining room table, was about three-quarters finished when the mission was suspended, said Ben Clark, a planetary scientist at Lockheed Martin Space Systems.
		The Phoenix mission beat out three other proposed Mars missions vying to become the first launch in NASA's new Scout program of relatively low-cost Mars spacecraft.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=12324 (631 words)

	AWST STORY
		An upcoming NASA selection between very different robotic spacecraft for a $700-million mission scheduled to fly by 2010 is emblematic of the strains that are likely to beset the U.S. agency--and its international partners--for years to come as they struggle to map the new pay-as-you-go U.S. exploration program.
		RTG-powered spacecraft would use an Atlas V launch and a gravity assist from Jupiter to reach the region of Pluto as early as July 2015.
		Half a world away from the Huygens control center in Darmstadt, Germany, controllers at California's Jet Propulsion Laboratory should be guiding the Deep Impact spacecraft toward its explosive rendezvous next summer with the comet Tempel-1, provided it makes its current Jan. 8, 2005, launch date.
	www.aviationnow.com /avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news/121234top.xml (3253 words)

	New Scientist SPACE - Breaking News - New robotic probe planned for Jupiter
		The last major spacecraft to orbit Jupiter was Galileo, which made a suicidal plunge into the gaseous planet at the end of its mission in 2003.
		The solar-powered spacecraft, named Juno, would take about five years to reach the gas giant planet.
		Juno’s Alice instrument is designed to look at ultraviolet emissions from Jupiter’s aurora, while the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment instrument would try to examine the electrons and ions that spawn the aurora.
	www.newscientistspace.com /article/dn7457-new-robotic-probe-planned-for-jupiter.html (400 words)

	SPACE.com -- The Juno Mission to Jupiter
		Juno was selected over another mission that had been under consideration in the New Frontiers program, a lunar robotic sample return mission called Moonrise.
		Juno will also have a variety of other instruments, including a magnetometer to study the magnetic field, a microwave spectrometer which will measure the amounts of ammonia and water, and an imager which will take movies of Jupiter’s clouds.
		Juno would be the second mission in NASA’s New Frontiers Program, following the New Horizons mission to Pluto that is currently in development, and is scheduled to fly by the Pluto-Charon system in 2014.
	www.space.com /searchforlife/seti_juno_050609.html (703 words)

	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
		A joint endeavor of NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Italian Space Agency (known as ASI for its acronym in Italian), Cassini is sending a sophisticated robotic spacecraft to orbit the ringed planet and study the Saturnian system in detail over a four-year period.
		Onboard Cassini is a scientific probe called Huygens that will be released from the main spacecraft to parachute through the atmosphere to the surface of Saturn's largest and most interesting moon, Titan, which is shrouded by an opaque atmosphere.
		Cassini will enter Saturn orbit July 1, 2004, and the Huygens probe will descend to the surface of Titan on January 14, 2005.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/current/cassini.html (242 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Future spacecraft to carry 'black boxes'
		The boxes will be used to improve spacecraft design for both human and robotic missions.
		But such technologies are not usually used on spacecraft such as the shuttle, which experiences extreme heating when roaring back into Earth's atmosphere.
		"It wasn't really designed to survive [a disaster upon] re-entry, but it did, and it was very helpful in reconstructing what happened to the orbiter," says William Ailor, director of the Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies at the Aerospace Corporation, a non-profit analytical company in El Segundo, California, US.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7273 (242 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Spacecraft
		Spacecraft include robotic or unmanned space probes as well as manned vehicles.
		The spacecraft is one of the primal elements in science fiction.
		A space suit has at times been called a miniature spacecraft or spaceship, emphasizing its purpose of keeping its wearer alive while traveling in the vacuum of outer space.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Spacecraft (187 words)

	TPS: Exploring Mars
		Figure 5 shows the PROP-F (the Russian acronym for Mobile Robot for Evaluation of the Surface of Phobos) robotic spacecraft designed to travel over Phobos' surface.
		The spacecraft was to move by hops 10 to 40 meters long.
		The spacecraft mass was 40 kilograms [90 ponds].
	www.planetory.org /mars/tpr_rover-rus.html (187 words)

	Catalog Page for PIA07247
		The spacecraft and its instruments are designed to analyze samples collected from up to a half-meter (20 inches) deep by a robotic arm.
		The Phoenix Mission, slated for launch in August 2007, is the first project in NASA's openly competed program of Mars Scout missions.
		The mission's plan is to land in icy soils near the north polar permanent ice cap of Mars and explore the history of the water in these soils and any associated rocks, while monitoring polar climate.
	photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov /catalog/PIA07247 (121 words)

	NASA, Finally, developing automated rendevous and docking system - Forums powered by UBBThreads™
		However, following the Air Force's sanctions against Boeing for unethical conduct, the mission was moved again, to a Lockheed Martin Atlas V. As prime contractor for Orbital Express, Boeing is developing the servicing spacecraft, known as the Autonomous Space Transport Robotic Operations satellite (ASTRO).
		In DARPA's future vision, "depot" spacecraft would be launched periodically carrying fuel and new satellite components to be used by servicing spacecraft, according to Shoemaker.
		The ATV built by ESA has their on system as do the Russians, this is the NASA version.
	uplink.space.com /showflat.php?Cat=&Board=missions&Number=301&page=4&view=collapsed&sb=7&o=0&fpart= (1344 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Spacecraft [EncycloZine]
		Spacecraft include robotic or unmanned space probes as well as manned vehicles.
		The spacecraft is one of the primal elements in science fiction.
		A spacesuit has at times been called a miniature spacecraft or spaceship, emphasizing its purpose of keeping its wearer alive while traveling in the vacuum of outer space.
	encyclozine.com /Spacecraft (1344 words)

	physics - International Space Station
		European (ESA) Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) ISS resupply spacecraft
		For example the European Space Agency's laboratory module Columbus is ready to go, but can't be delivered into orbit by currently available launchers.
		As of 2003 it is unable to yet accommodate the expected crew of seven, thus severely limiting the amount of science that can be performed on it and angering European partners in the project.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/International_Space_Station (1775 words)

	CURRENT INTERPLANETARY MISSIONS
		Mars Odyssey Mission -- A robotic spacecraft that is currently mapping the geochemistry of the Martian surface.
		Genesis -- A robotic spacecraft designed to gather a sample of particles that make up the solar wind.
		Mars Global Surveyor -- A robotic spacecraft that is currently mapping the surface of Mars.
	www.palomar.edu /astronomy/current_interplanetary_missions.htm (1775 words)

	SPACE UPDATE
		On February 12, 2001, NEAR-Shoemaker, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous spacecraft which has been orbiting the asteroid 433 Eros since February 2000, descended to the surface of the asteroid for the first ever robotic landing on a small body.
		This information will help to determine the optimal flyby distance for dust collection and spacecraft safety when the spacecraft rendevous with the comet in January 2004.
		The spacecraft will also send back images of the comet, counts of comet particles striking the spacecraft and conduct real-time analysis of the compositions of the particles and volatiles.
	www.apollo-society.org /spaceupdate_20010222.html (1775 words)

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In the News (Fri 18 Dec 09)