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	Cave painting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on cave or rock walls and ceilings, usually dating to prehistoric times.
		Rock paintings are made since the Upper Paleolithic, 40,000 years ago.
		The age of the paintings in many sites remains a contentious issue, since methods like radiocarbon dating can be easily misled by contaminated samples of older or newer material, and caves and rocky overhangs are typically littered with debris from many time periods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cave_painting (656 words)

	South African Museum - Rock Paintings and Engravings: Artistic Keys to the Past (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The paintings, which are to be found in almost every part of the sub-continent where there are suitable rock-shelters or overhangs, were applied to the rock surfaces in many ways using fingers, brushes made from animal hair, sticks, feathers or splinters of bone.
		Dating of paintings or engravings is difficult but occasionally a piece of painted or engraved rock is found in an archaeological deposit and this makes it possible to date the material with a reasonable degree of certainty.
		Rock paintings depicting these groups are to be found in various regions and show clearly the differences between them.
	www.museums.org.za /sam/resource/arch/painting.htm (1227 words)

	South African Museum - Southern African Rock Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rock art is studied by archaeologists, anthropologists and art historians from archaeological and ethnographic and artistic perspectives.
		Most of the painting on display were brought to the South African Museum between 1911 and 1918 through the efforts of the Director, Dr L. Peringuey, and Mr G. Mandy of the Provincial Roads Department.
		Painted stones, sometimes associated with burials, are occasionally found during excavations in archaeological deposits in southern Africa.
	www.museums.org.za /sam/resource/arch/rockart.htm (883 words)

	AllRefer.com - rock carvings and paintings (Prehistoric And Primitive Art) - Encyclopedia
		Petroglyphs (rock carvings) are more widespread than pictographs (rock paintings), which are preserved chiefly in dry regions, inside caves, and under overhanging cliffs.
		Whatever the motive, the prehistoric artist often reached great aesthetic heights, as in the Paleolithic art of Western Europe, the rock figures attributed to the San of S Africa, and the Tassili cliff paintings discovered in the central Sahara that suggest that this was once a fertile area.
		The paintings, made with charcoal and earth pigments mixed with grease, gum, or water, vary from crude outlines to fully developed polychrome compositions.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/rockcarv.html (471 words)

	Cave painting -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new (Provincial capital of the Northern Territory of Australia) Darwinian thinking on ((biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms) evolution was interpreted as meaning that early humans could not have been sufficiently advanced to create art.
		Cave paintings can also give valuable clues as to the (A particular society at a particular time and place) culture and beliefs of that era.
		Significant early cave paintings have also been found in (A nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony) Australia.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cave_painting.htm (426 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: INDIAN ROCK ART
		The rock art is usually found on cave walls, in natural rockshelters along rivers or streams, or on ledges and cliff faces.
		The collection of paintings shows a beginning and development, a slow refining in style, and an eventual dying out-all in a geographically limited area that was seemingly isolated from outside artistic influences.
		The paintings and petroglyphs vary in age; some are estimated to be thousands of years old, while others date only from the 1700s and 1800s and are of Plains origins.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/II/bqi3.html (1602 words)

	rock -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation.
		Rocks are combinations of minerals in varying proportions.
		The rock music movement known as grunge gave voice to the frustrations and disenchantment of the teenagers and young adults often referred to as Generation X. Growing out of the do-it-yourself, uncommercial legacy of punk rock, grunge favored straightforward musicianship and songwriting over superficial imagery and media hype.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9063964 (870 words)

	Dating Rock Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rock art can also be 'micro-stratified' when it is covered by, or covers, mineral or biogenic coatings.
		Rock art can be closely associated with deposits when an art site briefly used becomes sealed by rockfall or a build-up of deposits at the entrance.
		At present the oldest date for Australian rock art is based on this method: at Koonalda Cave on the Nullarbor Plain (South Australia), finger markings and abraded grooves on walls deep underground are probably associated with evidence for flint quarrying around 20,000 years ago (Maynard and Edwards 1971: 75-6).
	www.une.edu.au /Arch/ROCKART/Dating.html (2441 words)

	Kamat'sPotpourri: Prehistoric Rock Paintings of Bhimabetaka
		The paintings were done primarily with a finger, but I believe that they must have used feathers, wooden sticks, and needles of porcupines for different styles and textures.
		The background of the rock paintings is obscure and is hard to photograph the paintings.
		In this aspect, the rock paintings of Bhimabetaka differ from the cave paintings of Spain which are about of the same period.
	www.kamat.com /kalranga/rockpain/betaka.htm (1387 words)

	afrol News - Rock paintings in South Africa older than thought
		Today, experts consider the area to be one of the top areas in the world for rock art, with the largest and most concentrated group of paintings in Africa south of the Sahara.
		The numerous paintings depict animal and human scenes and are said to represent the religious beliefs of the San people, whose occupation of the mountains ended in tragic circumstances in the nineteenth century, following their conflict with European colonists.
		Dr Chris Chippindale, professor with the Rock Art Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, commented that the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg sequence "is one of the great riches in rock art, and rock art is one of the great riches in archaeology.
	www.afrol.com /articles/11239 (798 words)

	Rock Art - African-American History Through the Arts
		Most of these paintings were made at about the beginning of the 5th millennium BC into the 2nd.These pictures were painted in caves or on rock walls of cliffs, hence the name Rock Art.
		Paintings were made by mixing pigments with binders such as blood or egg albumen and applying this mixture to the wall.
		Some of these paintings or engravings have been preserved by the help of preservation groups who make it their duty to protect rock art for generations to come.
	cghs.dade.k12.fl.us /african-american/tradtional/rock_art.htm (1068 words)

	Paintings of the Spirit @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For the San, rock paintings weren’t just representations of life; they were also repositories of it.
		Though bushmen stopped painting rocks a century ago, some groups in the Kalahari Desert still practice rituals that evoke the San paintings.
		Scholars believe that the trance dance serves as the foundation for rock art, and clear corollaries between cave images and trance ceremonies appear in the Drakensberg cave paintings.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0102/feature7 (585 words)

	Painted Cave Art of the Chumash Indians
		Shamans, or Chumash priests, are thought to have made these paintings to influence supernatural beings and forces to intervene in human affairs.
		At Painted Cave (shown in the photo), the complex designs were painted at different times, often over those done previously.
		Without damaging the delicate paintings, experts have collected tiny pigment samples from the solid fl disk outlined in white, for dating and analysis.
	www.sbnature.org /research/anthro/chumash/pcart.htm (341 words)

	Arnhem Land Rock Paintings
		Paintings by Najombolmi, one of the last major rock-painters of western Arnhem Land, such as these from Nourlangie, Kakadu National Park, are one of many focal points of our Arnhem Land rock-art study.
		In 2000, a new interpretation of the region's oldest rock paintings featuring human figures was published in the Cambridge Archaeological Journal.In 2001, a paper was published on the worldwide incidence of composite creatures, including animal-headed beings, with a focus on those found in old Arnhem Land rock-art.
		These are the latest of a series of focused works that will eventually allow comparison to other art forms in northern Australia and contribute to a new regional prehistory, to be published as a monograph in the near future.
	www.austmus.gov.au /anthropology/research/arnhem.htm (174 words)

	Southern African Rock Art/Ancestral Bushman (San) Rock Art
		The highest concentrations of rock art are found at Tsodilo, Botswana, Brandberg and Twyfelfontein in Namibia, Drakensburg Mountains of Lesotho and South Africa, and the Matobo Hills (Matopos National Park) of Zimbabwe.
		She interprets Qing's statement that "[men] were spoilt at the same time as the elands" as a reference to the second creation when the therianthropes, the half man/half animals who were the spirits of the ancestral Bushmen and lived under water, were transformed into men and animals.
		Likewise, most Nambian rock paintings do not deal with trance experiences, but with the social skills and rituals needed to cope with life in an arid, harsh environment (Lenssen-Erz 1997).
	www.lonker.net /art_african_1.htm (701 words)

	Aboriginal Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some of these paintings are andjamun (sacred and dangerous) and can be seen only by senior men or women; others can be seen by all people.
		Among the reasons for this are the fact that Aboriginal people no longer live in rock shelters and there are fewer people with the necessary knowledge to allow them to paint at certain sites.
		Sorcery paintings could be painted only by the holder of magic knowledge, for instance.
	www.deh.gov.au /parks/kakadu/artculture/art (473 words)

	Rock Art Pages by James Q. Jacobs
		Rock surfaces employed by human artists preserve a graphic record of prehistory in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas.
		In the dry desert environment, with its profusion of rock surfaces and shelters, an incomparable cultural legacy is preserved.
		Many of the Rock Art Pages were originally hosted on the Mesa Community College Anthropology server from 1997 until 2000.
	www.jqjacobs.net /rock_art (634 words)

	Chumash Indian Paintings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It's inside the Painted Cave, a sandstone cave, in the mountains just north of Santa Barbara and is the best preserved of Californian Indian Paintings accessible to the public.
		The images are painted (as opposed to pecked into the stone as in some California caves).
		Similar paintings also exist in caves on the coastal islands and in the central California valleys.
	alumnus.caltech.edu /~randysal/chumash.html (431 words)

	Chippindale & Taçon, Dating Arnhem Land rock-art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Brandl (1973: 171—178), working with the distinctions amongst the paintings made by Aboriginal people in their country, recognized an earlier period of 'Mimi' art (divided into early and late), and a transitional period leading into the X-ray conventions that are seen both on the painted rocks and on bark-paintings, on which he developed a chronology.
		Paintings of the distinctive fans made from the goose wings will be of the freshwater era, and the distinctive spear-thrower of Arnhem Land today (Lewis 1988: 53—55) will indicate that a painting may be 'new'.
		Where paintings extend down towards the modern ground surface, they appear to vanish as they reach the earth; it is likely the soil conditions do not permit the pigments to persist on the rock.
	www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk /Projects/Chip/Chip206.htm (10546 words)

	Kamat's Potpourri: The Paintings of India
		The pre-historic rock paintings of Madhya Pradesh are 5000 to 20000 years old.
		Paintings on the walls of a summer place of Tippu Sultan are both beautiful and historic.
		Paintings of Lepakshi are a wonderful resource to study period social attire and life of Vijayanagara times.
	www.kamat.com /kalranga/art/paintings.htm (512 words)

	Rock Art of the Southwest: Photography of Anasazi Pictographs and Petroglyphs
		This website presents photographs of the rock art of the Anasazi of the Four Corners Region of the United States: Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado.
		They 'disappeared' or migrated to the larger southwestern Hopi, Zuni and other pueblos in about 1300 AD and left behind thousands of rock art paintings [pictographs] and carvings [petroglyphs] along with the stone dwellings and graineries [storage bins].
		As such, the website is neither fully representative of the variety of rock art one finds in the Southwest, nor is it comprehensive.
	raysweb.net /rockart (523 words)

	Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Engravings are found mostly on the dry inland plateau of South Africa, while paintings occur mostly in the mountainous areas, such as the Drakensberg and the Cederberg.
		Similarly, the magical expanses of smooth, glaciated rock surface at Driekopseiland and Nooitgedacht may have been marked with rock art because they were in some way special places in local religious belief.
		The Rock Art Research Institute at the University of the Witwatersrand was the lead agent, with Tara Turkington as project manager in 2001.
	www.museumsnc.co.za /wildebeestkuil.htm (1220 words)

	Pet A Rock - Painted Rocks, Stones, Pet Memorials & "How To" Instructions
		See "Your Pet" for more than 134 custom pets on rocks that I have painted so far.
		A painted rock makes a great tribute to a living pet or a nice memorial or grave marker for a dearly missed pet.
		My Beagle rock, in the photo above, was in the May 2004 issue of the Family Circle magazine, in an article about pet artists.
	petarock.homestead.com (127 words)

	Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
		Showing human figures and many animal species and illustrating the relationship between humans and their environment, the paintings reveal a highly sophisticated culture.
		Their composition and size, as well as the precision of the outlines and the variety of colours, but especially the number of sites, make this an impressive testimony to a unique artistic tradition.
		Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco (INAH)
	whc.unesco.org /pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=714 (191 words)

	Painted Rock Formations
		It is painted on all sides, displays on it's own, is a full figure...rare to find in the natural formation of a rock...Along with other pictures on the second page, is the suprise fantasy creature painted on the back side...$5000.
		She is painted mostly on the front, top and sides and displays with her stand.
		Painted on the front, top and sides and displays with her stand.
	www.cstone.net /~prf (3537 words)

	Bushman and San Paintings in the Drakensberg - South Africa
		The bushman or San paintings are one of the Drakensberg's and South Africa's greatest cultural treasures.
		The Kamberg San Rock Art Trail and Interpretive Centre together offer visitors information about the world of the San, and the opportunity to walk to Game Pass Shelter to view outstanding examples of their art in the company of a trained community guide.
		All we left behind was our story painted in the rock, in the shelters, the story of sacred animals and our journeys to the spirit world.
	www.drakensberg-tourism.com /bushman-rock-art.html (1282 words)

	Aboriginal Rock Paintings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Aboriginal Rock Paintings of the Churchill River
		Writings on the rocks describes how these reproductions were created.
		Comments: There are seven separate rock faces with paintings, the first five along the water and the last two on cliffs some distance above the water.
	canoesaskatchewan.rkc.ca /arch/rockart.htm (540 words)

	Aït Herbil, Morocco: Rock paintings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aït Herbil's rock paints are so little visited that it is delightfully difficult to find anyone in the village across the stream that even knowns where they are.
		Beholding the paintings is made difficult from the same.
		This article, with its images, its photos, its music, may not be reproduced or stored in any form, without the consent of the publishers.
	i-cias.com /morocco/ait_herbil.htm (149 words)

	World famous rock paintings three-times older than previously thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some of the world's finest rock paintings are more than three times older than previously believed, according to researchers from British and Australian universities who used the latest radio-carbon dating technology.
		However, the research team analysed salt samples taken from rocks adorned with the paintings using a new highly-refined radiocarbon dating technique known as accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
		The results showed some of the paintings are up to 3,000 years old.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/feb_04/EDU_news_020904_c.php (918 words)

	Adventures of Algeria: Tassili N'Ajjer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		What Tassili N'Ajjer is most famous for, are the rock paintings, that are up to 8,000 years old.
		A large part of these are found in the centre of Tassili N'Ajjer, a depicts a life in the region very much different from today's Sahara.
		The rock paints are of such a quality that they are now protected by the regulations of the Tassili National Park.
	lexicorient.com /algeria/tassilin.htm (267 words)

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