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Topic: Rocket motor

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	National Association of Rocketry
		Sport rocket motors approved for sale in the United States are stamped with a three-part code that gives the modeler some basic information about the motor's power and behavior:
		The time delay allows the rocket to coast to its maximum altitude and slow down before the recovery system (such as a parachute) is activated by the ejection charge.
		Motors marked with a time delay of 0 (e.g., "C6-0") are booster engines.
	www.nar.org /NARmotors.html (415 words)

	Hybrid Rocket Motor for X Prize Entry SpaceShipOne Tested
		SpaceShipOne's rocket motor is a hybrid, meaning it has characteristics that feature both solid and liquid rocket motors.
		The hybrid motor uses nitrous oxide (N2O or laughing gas) as an oxidizer and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB or rubber) as the fuel.
		A hybrid motor does not start by accident and, thus, it is a safe and simple alternative to its liquid and solid cousins.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/spaceshipone_update_030912.html (886 words)

	Rocket Launcher
		Rockets exhibit two characteristics unique in the field of propulsion: (1) the propulsive force delivered is independent of atmospheric air, and thus the rocket may be propelled through empty space, and (2) the propulsive force is unaffected by the velocity.
		A rocket motor is a metal tube that serves as a combustion chamber.
		The thrust of a rocket motor is an equal and opposite reaction to the expansion of gases discharged at the nozzle; and since the expansion of these gases is maximum in a vacuum, rockets function most efficiently in such a medium.
	www.pt-boat.com /rocket/rocket.html (5572 words)

	Rockets
		Rockets are propelled by the rearward expulsion of expanding gases from the nozzle of the motor.
		The solid fuel used in a rocket motor, which, upon burning, generates a volume of hot gases that stream from the nozzle and propel the rocket (also known as the propellant or propellant powder grain).
		Presently, all motor tubes are aluminum, threaded internally at the front end for warhead installation, and grooved or threaded internally at the aft end for nozzle and fin assembly installation.
	www.ordnance.org /rockets.htm (2492 words)

	Fly Rockets - How Rockets Work
		Rocket motors are measured in "total impulse" and are designated by letters of the alphabet.
		Once the rocket is ready on the launch pad an electrical igniter (two wires with a head made of a easily ignited type-of propellant mixed with magnesium or titanium) is installed all the way up until the head of the igniter stops at the head of the motor.
		Model rocket motors marked with a time delay of 0 (e.g., "C6-0") are booster engines for two stage rockets and are designed to ignite the next stage engine immediately once their own thrust is finished.
	www.flyrockets.com /work.html (2801 words)

	Rocket Basics
		Motors of 120 inches in diameter and approximately 125 feet long have served as zero stage boosters for the Titan IIIC and 65 inch diameter motors for the Delta launch vehicles to provide thrust augmentation needed to loft heavy payloads as such as communications and surveillance satellites into orbit for scientific and military purposes.
		In the solid propellant motor, the insulating effect of the unburned propellant in the chamber reduces the loss of heat to the chamber walls; consequently, the assumption is justifiable.
		Certain types of rocket vehicles, however, cannot depend entirely upon airfoils for control, usually because they operate in the extreme upper atmosphere or in space, where airfoils are not effective, or because their launching speed is too low for airfoils to be effective.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/missile/docs/RocketBasics.htm (10727 words)

	Q & A (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All the above types of rocket are flown from a launch pad, use electrically ignited rocket motors (which are purchased separately from the rocket kit itself), and are designed to be recovered by various means, eg parachute, to enable them to be flown time and time again.
		The average thrust rating of the motor is used by the rocketeer to determine which motors of the same total impulse should be used in a rocket, depending on whether it has a high lift off weight or low liftoff weight.
		Unfortunately for the rocketeer these letters do not always mean the same for all types of high power rocket motors, so you need to check your motor documentation carefully to determine the exact seconds of delay time.
	www.rockets.co.nz /q&a.htm (2510 words)

	Model Rocket Motor Codes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sport rocket motors approved for sale in the United States are stamped with a three-part code that gives the modeler some basic information about the motor's power and behavior:
		The time delay allows the rocket to coast to its maximum altitude and slow down before the recovery system (such as a parachute) is activated by the ejection charge.
		Motors marked with a time delay of 0 (e.g., "C6-0") are booster engines.
	www.buckwestern.com /rockets/motor.php (413 words)

	RocketCentral.org
		Typically these motors use a wound paper or plastic cases in smaller motors and are made of plastic, phenolic or even aluminum cased in larger motors.
		Unlike smaller rocket motors which rely on an ‘engine hook’ in the rocket to keep the rocket motor in place, in reloadable rocket motors, the aft closure is usually slightly wider than the diameter of the case.
		When the motor is inserted into the motor mount tube the wider lip keeps the motor from sliding up through the motor mount tube while the rocket is under power.
	www.rocketcentral.org /motortech.htm (696 words)

	SUCCESSFUL TEST FOR UoSAT/SSTL HYBRID ROCKET MOTOR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A hybrid rocket motor, however, combines the best of both worlds as it uses a solid fuel and a liquid oxidiser and promises to offer a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive option for changing the orbits of small satellites.
		Motor start-up involves opening a single valve, allowing the pressurised oxidiser to flow into the fuel/combustion chamber where combustion takes.
		The motor can be easily turned off by stopping the flow of oxidiser and then restarted at a later time.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /CSER/UOSAT/rocket_pr/rocket.html (486 words)

	Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site
		Motor performance data is also summarized for easy input into a trajectory simulation software, such as SOAR.
		This is an MS EXCEL spreadsheet that may be used to estimate the chamber pressure that occurs in a rocket motor due to combustion of a pyrotechnic igniter.
		Intended primarily as a rocket design aid due to its simplicity of use and ease with which variables (such as rocket mass, motor output, drag coefficient, etc.) can be modified, and the effects of such studied.
	members.aol.com /nakkarocketry/softw.html (1585 words)

	Model Rockets - Model Rocket Parts
		A model rocket is propelled by a motor which produces thrust, a delay for coasting and a ejection charge to activate the recovery system.
		The model rockets nose cone is shaped to reduce air drag at the front of the rocket and to seal the front of the body tube and the recovery system inside the rocket body tube.
		The heavier the rocket motor the farther the center of gravity is to the rear.
	www.scalerockets.com /modelrocket.html (383 words)

	The Latest talk from around the shop
		When the rocket motor is to be fired, the high pressure nitrogen gas is released from the storage containers by a foot actuated ball valve and allowed to proceed to the nitrogen regulator where the pressure is reduced to and maintained at 525 psi.
		After firing the motor, the pressure in the fuel tank is released by means of a vent valve actuated by the driver.
		The exhaust from the rocket motor is not visible and since it is composed of steam and oxygen, it is not toxic.
	www.the-rocketman.com /technical.html (1239 words)

	ukrocketman.com - hybrid rocket motor science
		Hybrid motors differ from solid and liquid rockets in that they combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser - hence, they are said to be a "hybrid" of a solid and a liquid rocket.
		In a hybrid rocket motor, liquid oxidiser is fed into the combustion chamber from the oxidiser tank, where it is ignited by an ignition source such as a pyrotechnic igniter.
		Injection into a pre-combustion chamber is more useful for larger motors, or motors where a multi-port geometry is used for the fuel grain, since multiple injectors are more common, and even mixing of the oxidiser stream needs to be achieved before it is passed over the fuel grain.
	www.ukrocketman.com /rocketry/hybridscience.shtml (1084 words)

	Some Rocket Motor Calculations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since there is gas pressure P in the front of the rocket motor wall and little gas pressure at the back 5 of the rocket motor, a reaction thrust F is produced in the rocket motor.
		The propellant exhaust flow velocity is needed to calculate the rocket motor reaction thrust.
		The mass flow rate M in a rocket motor is assumed to be constant along the length of the rocket motor.
	www.spots.ab.ca /~belfroy/thermomanual2/rocketCalculations.html (2199 words)

	Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site
		In this context, rocket may refer to the motor itself, or to a complete vehicle that consists of motor, fuselage (and stabilizing devices such as fins), nosecone, and payload.
		One of the greatest challenges is to develop and build such a motor, one that is safe to produce and operate, reliable, and one that provides predictable and consistent performance.
		A second big challenge is to develop a recovery system, such as parachute deployment, that operates with a high degree of reliability under the demanding conditions of launch followed by high speed or high altitude flight.
	www.nakka-rocketry.net (1207 words)

	Rocket Motor Design Class (AE - 101) From CP Technologies
		If you want to learn how to design solid rocket motors to a specific thrust and pressure and be able to design for progressive, neutral or regressive pressure or thrust curves, then this is the class for you.
		While the motor used in the class is a simple PVC pipe rocket motor, your instructor will show you how to make motors out of other materials.
		The control panel you are using to test your rocket motor was also used to test fire solid rocket motors powering Polaris, Minuteman and MX missiles including tactical missiles such as Sidewinder, Maverick, Harpoon and many others.
	www.space-rockets.com /ae101.html (2176 words)

	World Wide Words: Engine and Motor
		However, the propulsion device of a rocket can be called either a rocket motor or a rocket engine, and usage here seems not to have settled on one or the other.
		It was first employed in English in the sense of ‘instigator’, or something that causes motion, often in a figurative sense, as of God as being the cause of the motion of the heavens.
		The latter had an obvious source of energy in its fuel; the source of energy of the former was less clear, being supplied mysteriously from a battery or generator by means of wires.
	www.worldwidewords.org /articles/engine.htm (1275 words)

	ATI's Solid Rocket Motor Design and Applications course
		This three-day course provides a detailed look at the design of solid rocket motors (SRMs), a general understanding of solid propellant motor and component technologies, design drivers, critical manufacturing process parameters, sensitivity of system performance requirements on SRM design, reliability, and cost; and transportation and handling, and integration into launch vehicles and missiles.
		Motor design drivers and sensitivity on the design, reliability, and cost.
		General understanding of requirements and solutions for transporting, handling, and processing different motor sizes and DOT propellant explosive classifications and licensing and regulations.
	www.aticourses.com /solid_rocket_motor_design.htm (533 words)

	Some Rocket Motor Calculations
		Since there is gas pressure P in the front of the rocket motor wall and little gas pressure at the back 5 of the rocket motor, a reaction thrust F is produced in the rocket motor.
		The propellant exhaust flow velocity is needed to calculate the rocket motor reaction thrust.
		The mass flow rate M in a rocket motor is assumed to be constant along the length of the rocket motor.
	science.radioelectronics.biz /thermomanual2/rocketCalculations.html (2199 words)

	Lightweight solid rocket motors
		Inside the rocket motor the oxidizer and the reductor are mixed and ignited.
		A problem with liquid propellants rocket motors is the propellants must be mixed and lit very quickly inside the motor and yield a stable flame.
		The rocket motor can transport a lightweight reservoir of hydrogen and spray that hydrogen during the end of the motor flight to gain some specific impulse.
	www.4p8.com /eric.brasseur/solid_rocket_motor.html (1153 words)

	Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site
		It was based on a similar, but shorter motor, that appeared to develop useful thrust, judging by the short burn time (about a second) and by the frightfully loud sound (at least compared to the model rocket motors that I had been familiar with!).
		The rocket motor was mounted horizontally on a sled which was allowed to move forward a short distance (under motor thrust) along a set of rails.
		The motor would be held (vertically, nozzle upward) such that the thrust force would push downward on the the middle of the plank, causing it to deflect.
	members.aol.com /ricnakk/static.html (2128 words)

	NERO - Rocket Motors
		the motor is tested on a test bench, where a thrust curve (thrust against time) is obtained.
		Hybrid rocket motors run on a propellant off which one is a solid (usually the fuel), and the other one is a gas or liquid (the oxidizer).
		In corporation with MEROC the HY-4000 hybrid rocket motor is developed, with nitrous oxide as oxidizer (laughing gas), and polyurethane as a fuel.
	www.nerorockets.org /nero/neh-motors.htm (381 words)

	CNN - Hybrid rocket motor undergoes first significant firing - August 19, 1999
		Less noxious and combustible on its own than most solid rocket motors and less expensive than most liquid engine motors, the hybrid motor was fired for 15 seconds on Friday while laid on a horizontal test-stand.
		It emits far less noxious fumes than most solid rocket motors in existence today but more than liquid rocket engines, which are fairly benign compared to the solid type.
		The hybrid motor is years away from being useful for something like the space shuttle, which relies on three liquid engines and two solid rocket boosters to provide 1.5 million pounds of thrust.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9908/19/rocket.test/index.html (464 words)

	NAVRO - Propellant and rocket motor research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The aim of this activity is to develop composite rocket motors for non-professional use.
		The reason to develop our own rocket motors was the launch of our first rocket.
		The motors had to be safe, reliable, easily made and they had to be officially tested and certified by the authorities.
	www.navro.nl /en/motor_research (372 words)

	Static Test of Hydrogen Peroxide Kerosene Motor
		After the rocket is pressurized, the liquids would normally be forced into the combustion chamber.However in this design, a splash plate in the combustion chamber containing a solid propellant (cast micrograin known as Densite) seals the liquids in their tanks.
		The motor after the burn and the resulting hole in the playa are shown here.
		With any small rocket design there is always the question as to whether it can be successfully scaled upward in size.
	www.ad6uy.com /sac-l5/motor-test.html (539 words)

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