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Topic: Rockwell scale

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	Rockwell scale: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Rockwell scale
		The Rockwell scale is used to measure relative hardness of different solids.
		The B scale for softer materials (such as aluminum, brass, and softer steels) uses a hardened steel ball as the indenter and a 100kg weight while the C scale for harder materials use a diamond cone as the indenter and a 150kg weight.
		Another scale for expressing hardness is the Mohs scale of mineral hardness but as this is not really convenient and hard to measure, the Rockwell scale is widely used in engineering.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ro/Rockwell-scale.html (261 words)

	Testing and Specifying Mechanical Properties
		Rockwell hardness tests are the most widely used in the U.S. for several reasons, including speed and the relatively low cost of the equipment.
		In a Rockwell test, the material is simply placed on an anvil and subjected to the pressure of either a diamond cone or a ball penetrator, first under the weight of a relatively light, or "minor" load, and then subsequently under the greater weight of a "major" load.
		Two types of Rockwell testers are used for different strip thickness ranges, and each type, using a diamond cone penetrator, provides measurements in three hardness scales, which are differentiated by the mass of the major load.
	www.theis-usa.com /t14.htm (1118 words)

	SAILPLANES UNLIMITED...Articles and Tips: Heat Treating Music Wire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rockwell hardness testing, named after Stanley Rockwell who made his first testing machine in 1921, is a general method for measuring the bulk hardness of metallic and polymer materials.
		A Rockwell hardness number is calculated from the depth of permanent deformation of the sample after application and removal of the test load.
		The Rockwell B and C scales are used for metallic substances.
	www.sailplanes.com /musicwire.htm (971 words)

	Hardness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rockwell hardness is generally chosen for 'harder' plastics such as nylon, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and acetal where the resiliency or creep of the polymer is less likely to affect the results.
		The Rockwell hardness tester to measure the hardness of metal measures resistance to penetration like the Brinell test, but in the Rockwell case, the depth of the impression is measured rather than the diametric area.
		Rockwell test consists of checking the resistance of a sample, to be penetrated by a hard metal ball or by a conical shaped diamond, under the pressure of a load.
	www.calce.umd.edu /general/Facilities/Hardness_ad_.htm (5414 words)

	Rockwell scale -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is one of several definitions of (The property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale) hardness in (Click link for more info and facts about materials science) materials science.
		It is typically used in (The discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems) engineering and (The science and technology of metals) metallurgy and is most common in the (The army of the United States of America; organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare) USA.
		The C-scale, for harder materials, uses a (Very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem) diamond (Cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts) cone, known as a Brale indenter and a 150kg weight to obtain a value expressed as "HRC".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/rockwell_scale.htm (450 words)

	Rockwell Hardness - ASTM D785 of Plastic Materials
		Rockwell hardness is a measure of the indentation resistance of a material.
		Rockwell hardness is a measure of the net increase in depth of the indentor.
		Rockwell hardness is calculated by subtracting the penetration divided by the scale division from 130.
	www.prospectorexpress.com /plasticsweb/property_help/ASTMD785.htm (193 words)

	Rockwell scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The C-scale, for harder materials, uses a diamond cone, known as a Brale indenter and a 150kg weight to obtain a value expressed as "HRC".
		The depth of penetration is converted to a scale in which the harder the material the higher the number.
		ASTM E18 : Standard methods for rockwell hardness and rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rockwell_scale (342 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rockwell hardness test the other piece 3 times, using the C scale(150 kg, green index), and average the readings.
		Rockwell test each quenched part 3 times, using the C scale(150 kg, green index) and average the readings.
		Perform 3 Rockwell hardness tests, using the C scale(150 kg, green index), on the remaining piece and average the readings.
	cot.emich.edu /rufe/heatlab.doc (1787 words)

	faq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Rockwell C hardness scale is a measurement for the hardness of metal.
		The equation: "The higher the Rockwell C value = the better the blade" is not correct since a badly processed blade or a blade made of stainless steel can have a high Rockwell C value but is very brittle.
		Furthermore, some blades have to be very flexible and a high Rockwell C value would be disadvantageous since harder blades tend to be less flexible.
	www.claudiospage.com /faq.htm (655 words)

	Rockwell hardness testers and methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Rockwell test method, as defined in ASTM E-18, is the most commonly used hardness test method since it is generally easier to perform and more accurate than other types of hardness testing.
		The Rockwell method measures the permanent depth of indentation produced by a force on an indenter.
		In this case any Rockwell test result is going to be subject to doubt, there is often a history of testing using a particular scale on a particular material that operators are used to and able to functionally interpret.
	www.hardnesstesters.com /rockwell.htm (784 words)

	Chicago ''L''.org: Stations - Rockwell
		Because the station house is thinner than the platform width, there is enough space to walk around the station house and onto the platform (circumventing the ticket agent!); turnstiles would be placed there only a few years later.
		For a long time Rockwell's platform, for some reason, had no symbol signs (the smaller eye-level signs); this was recently remedied with the addition of new-style Current Graphic Standard symbol signage.
		Keith Letsche speaks to the 1st Annual Historic Station Tour group at the 1906 grade-level Rockwell station on the Brown Line.
	www.chicago-l.org /stations/rockwell.html (645 words)

	Measuring material hardness; Rockwell, Shore, Scleroscope, Microhardness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The three primary Rockwell scales are A, B, and C, with the appropriate scale being used depending on how hard the material is. The A scale is for softer materials where the C Scale is for the hardest materials.
		The Rockwell scale provides good general hardness information, however, if the material hardness is not consistent through the thickness of the material, or the material to be tested isn’t small or light enough to fit into a Rockwell test machine other methods need to be used.
		The common scales are A and D, with the A scale being for softer materials such as soft rubber, polyester, PVC, wax and felt.
	www.allmeasure.com /Measuring_Devices/Hardness/Hardness_Testers/hardness_testers.html (767 words)

	About Steel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Rockwell Scale is simply a hardness scale, and there are many different Rockwell scales used for different materials.
		For knife steel, the Rockwell C Scale is the one that is used.
		The Rockwell Scale is a measure of the distance between the starting point of a hydraulic press and the finishing point.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~umschm08/aboutsteel.html (1199 words)

	Hardness Testing - 1-800-Bike-Pro / Buyer's Guide
		The Rockwell hardness tester measures resistance to penetration like the Brinell test, but in the Rockwell case, the depth of the impression is measured rather than the diametric area.
		This machine works the same as the standard Rockwell tester, but is used to test thin strip, or lightly carburized surfaces, small parts or parts that might collapse under the conditions of the regular test.
		An example of a superficial Rockwell hardness is 15T-22, which indicates the superficial hardness as 22, with a load of 15 kilograms using the steel ball.
	www.bikepro.com /products/metals/hardness.html (1424 words)

	Norman Rockwell \| American Illustrator and Painter
		Norman Percevel Rockwell was born on February 3, 1894, the second son of Nancy and Waring Rockwell.
		Christopher Finch, author and art curator, had this to say: "Norman Rockwell created a world that, because of its traditional elements, seems familiar to all of us, yet is recognizably his and his alone.
		Although Norman Rockwell was always at odds with contemporary notions of what an artist should be, he chose to paint life as he wanted to see it.
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/96feb/rockwell.html (899 words)

	RockwellTest
		The Rockwell Hardness number or value is always written with a letter (A, B, C, etc.) which indicates the combination of load and indenter used in the test.
		The "B" scale (100 Kg and a 1/16" ball) is used for non-ferrous or soft metals.
		You will see only two scales identified on the machine, B and C. If your load and indenter combination is other than either of these two scales you will still use these scales but record the proper letter to indicate your scale.
	www.wit.edu /Academics/csm/rourke/materials/RockwellTest.html (1692 words)

	Rockwell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rockwell International - a defense company in the United States
		Rockwell Collins - a communications and aviation electronics company that also descended from Rockwell International
		Rockwell College is a secondary school in South Tipperary, Ireland
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rockwell (145 words)

	Rockwell hardness testers in portable, bench and automatic digital hardness testers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Versitron Rockwell hardness testing system is the workhorse of hardness testing - designed to meet the toughest challenges: clamp large parts, operate in poor environments, and test high volumes - all with less service problems and less operator skill requirements.
		Rockwell hardness testers can be used on all metals except in conditions where the test metal structure or surface conditions would introduce too much variation, where the indentations would be too large for the application or where the sample size or shape prohibits its use.
		Here is a complete list of scales for Rockwell hardness testers showing the loads and indenters.
	www.hardnesstesters.com /rockwell-hardness-tester.htm (462 words)

	Rockwell Hardness Testers - 6 portable, bench, automatic systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Rockwell test method is defined in ASTM E-18 and is the most commonly used hardness tester operation method since it is generally easier to perform and more accurate than other types of hardness testing.
		Rockwell testers can be used on all metals except in conditions where the test metal structure or surface conditions would introduce too much variation, where the indentations would be too large for the application or where the sample size or shape prohibits its use.
		The Rockwell tester method measures the permanent depth of indentation produced by a force on an indenter.
	www.ndtnet.com /m/newage/rockwell-hardness-testers.htm (373 words)

	Hardness Testing — Rockwell Hardness
		The Rockwell test uses a small steel sphere for the indenter of a diamond cone for harder materials.
		Harder materials such as cast irons are measured using the Rockwell C scale, which uses a 120° diamond cone with a 150kg load.
		A similar Rockwell scale exists for testing of thin sheet-type materials or surfaces subject to thin surface treatments, or parts that would not otherwise be able to produce meaningful readings using the standard Rockwell scale.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1404 (408 words)

	The eBearing Glossary of Bearing Industry Terms > R
		A Rockwell hardness measurement is calculated from the depth of the indentation caused by a standardized steel ball or diamond cone applied under constant load.
		There are several Rockwell scales, but A, B and C are the most popular.
		The Rc scale is measured by applying a 120-degree-angle pyramid-shaped diamond cone under a constant 150kg load.
	www.ebearing.com /glossary/r.html (491 words)

	Hardness Tester Accessories: Test Blocks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Rockwell scale there is traceability for Rockwell C scale blocks only (Indenters are still not traceable).
		In the Rockwell scales using ball indenters, the latest ASTM standard permits the use of either steel balls or tungsten carbide balls.
		Usually when testing in a certain scale, using a value that is at the low, medium and high range of a particular scale is advised.
	www.hardnesstesters.com /test-block.htm (632 words)

	Encyclopedia: Rockwell scale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Jump to: navigation, search Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys.
		Dimensionless numbers The Vickers hardness test was developed in the early 1920s and uses a pyramid-shaped indenter made of diamond.
		The Brinell scale characterises the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Rockwell-scale (685 words)

	Rockwell Hardness - Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc.
		Rockwell hardness testing is a general method for measuring the bulk hardness of metallic and polymer materials.
		Common regular Rockwell hardness scales include B and C for metals and M and R for polymers.
		Superficial Rockwell hardness scales are N and T for metals and W, X, and Y for nonmetallic materials and coatings.
	www.mee-inc.com /rockhar.html (438 words)

	PTC® Instruments Steel Hardness Conversion Calculator, Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Knoop, Tensile Strength, ...
		Model 655B Conversion Calculator based on the Rockwell B Scale and includes the following scales: Rockwell A, B, F, an K; Brinell (10 mm) 3000 kgf and 500 kgf; Tensile Strength; Rockwell 15T, 30T, and 45T; Knoop; and Vickers.
		When the radial cursor is set on a designated value for one scale, it indicates the equivalent value on all the others.
		This Conversion Calculator is based on the Rockwell C Scale and includes the following scales: Rockwell A, C, and D; Tensile Strength, Brinell Standard Ball and Carbide Ball; Knoop; Vickers; Rockwell 15N, 30N, and 45N; and Scleroscope.
	www.ptc1.com /steel655.html (299 words)

	RollBrass
		When crystalline solids are subjected to loads there is a tendency (on the atomic scale) to pull the material apart.
		Use a Rockwell hardness tester to determine if the hardness of a metal specimen changes as it is cold worked by rolling.
		Plot a graph with the Rockwell A hardness values on the Y axis, and the % reduction on the X axis.
	www.wit.edu /academics/em/courses/greene/TSGManf255/RollBrass.htm (332 words)

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