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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rogation Days
		Days of prayer, and formerly also of fasting, instituted by the Church to appease God's anger at man's transgressions, to ask protection in calamities, and to obtain a good and bountiful harvest, known in England as "Gang Days" and "Cross Week", and in Germany as Bittage, Bittwoche, Kreuzwoche.
		The Rogation Days are the 25th of April, called Major, and the three days before the feast of the Ascension, called Minor.
		The Minor Rogations were introduced by St. Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, and were afterwards ordered by the Fifth Council of Orleans, which was held in 511, and then approved by Leo III (795-816).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13110b.htm (578 words)

	Rogation Days
		The Rogation Days were highly esteemed in England and King Alfred's laws considered a theft committed on these days equal to one committed on Sunday or a higher Church Holy Day.
		The Major Rogation, which has no connexion with the feast of St. Mark (fixed for this date much later) seems to be of very early date and to have been introduced to counteract the ancient Robigalia, on which the heathens held processions and supplications to their gods.
		If the procession is held, the Rogation Mass is obligatory, and no notice is taken of whatever feast may occur, unless only one Mass is said, for then a commemoration is made of the feast.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/r/rogation_days.html (579 words)

	What are the Rogation Days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Rogation Days are the four days set apart to bless the fields, and invoke God's mercy on all of creation.
		The 4 days are April 25, which is called the Major Rogation (and is only coincidentally the same day as the Feast of St. Mark); and the three days preceding Ascension Thursday, which are called the Minor Rogations.
		Traditionally, on these days, the congregation marches the boundaries of the parish, blessing every tree and stone, while chanting or reciting a Litany of Mercy, usually a Litany of the Saints.
	members.aol.com /cfortunato/Rogation/RogationArticle.htm (276 words)

	Ember Days
		The Rogation Days consist of plaintive litanies to God and the saints chanted while the faithful proceed through town and country and the priest blesses their land and property.
		"Rogation" is from the Latin rogare, to petition earnestly.
		Thus, whereas the Ember Days commemorate nature from the perspective of its seasons, Rogationtide commemorates it vis-a-vis its relation to man and the city, both as a source of bounty and as a source of potential harm.
	www.holytrinitygerman.org /Ember-Days.html (2615 words)

	Chapter and Conventual Mass
		When a Vigil, an Ember day or Rogation Monday falls within an octave (except that of the Blessed Sacrament) the office is of the octave, and the Mass of the feria commemorating the octave.
		Except in Advent and Lent, on Ember days, Rogation days and Vigils, if the office is ferial and the Sunday Mass has already been said that week, the conventual Mass may be one of the Votive Masses in the Missal appointed for each day in the week.
		On ferias of Lent, on Ember days, Rogation days and Vigils when a double or semi-double occurs, or during an octave or when a Votive office is said, the Mass corresponding to the office is said after Terce, that of the feria after None.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/mass,chapter_and_conventual.html (983 words)

	Rogation Days
		"Rogation" comes from the Latin "rogare," which means "to ask," and "Rogation Days" are days during which we seek to ask God's mercy, appease His anger, avert His chastisements manifest through natural disasters, and ask for His blessings, particularly with regard to farming, gardening, and other agricultural pursuits.
		These days are divided between the Major Rogation -- 25 April (by coincidence alone, the Feast of St. Mark) -- and the Minor Rogation, which consists of the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday before Ascension Thursday.
		The liturgy for the Rogation Days, during which the priest is vested in purple, begins with Psalm 43:26 --"Arise, O Lord, help us and redeem us for Thy name's sake" -- which is followed by the Litany of the Saints (you can download this Litany, in Microsoft Word.doc format, in English or in Latin).
	www.fisheaters.com /customseastertide3.html (2179 words)

	May 2nd
		The Gauge Days are the same as the three Rogation Days, and were so called from the ancient custom of perambulating the boundaries of the parish on those days, the name being derived from the Saxon word gangen, to go.
		These days were so called from having been appropriated in the fifth century by Mamercus, Bishop of Vienna, to special prayer and fasting on account of the frequent earthquakes which had destroyed, or greatly injured vegetation.
		The procession returned as it came, and the day, which was one of universal enjoyment to all classes of the population, was brought to a conclusion, according to the hospitable fashion of our country, in a dinner given by the Corporation to their friends.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/may/2.htm (2777 words)

	U of C IVCF: Rogation Days
		The Rogation Days are three (or four) days focused on agriculture and nature, where we pray for a good harvest, fruitful crops, good weather, and protection from flood, tornado, earthquake, and other natural disasters.
		Rogation comes from the Latin rogatio and French rogare, meaning "to ask." Fifth-century France was beset with a number of natural disasters, including floods, failing harvests, and an earthquake on Ascension (which always falls on a Thursday).
		The observance of Rogation Days spread throughout Europe (In England, the days are also known as Gang-Days, Gang-Week, or Cross-Week.) Many churches led a procession around the town or parish boundaries on one of the Rogation Days, chanting a litany to the saints and offering prayers for a good year.
	intervarsity1.uchicago.edu /kal/rogation.html (457 words)

	Rogation Service in Aldbury, England
		A traditional Rogation Service is held on one of the fields surrounding the village; I suppose the allotments are a reasonable substitute.
		Prayers are said for the land, for sun and rain and wind, and for the farmers and for a bountiful harvest.
		In the old days this was how generation after generation learned where these boundaries lay, and it helped to maintain the village identity (as well as marking the actual boundary by a trail).
	www.aeimages.com /travel/Aldbury-Rogation.html (1601 words)

	Postgraduate Conference Ancient Classics, Proceedings 1999: Bardsley
		The so-called 'Major Rogation day' was celebrated on 25 April, while the 'Minor Rogation Days' were usually held on the three days which preceded Ascension Thursday.
		The esteem with which the Minor Rogation Days were held is seen by the fact that one of King Alfred's (AD 849-99) laws considered that a crime committed on one of these days was equivalent to one committed on a Sunday or on a higher Church feast-day.
		During the late Anglo-Saxon period the Minor Rogation Days were referred to as 'Gang-days', derived from the Anglo-Saxon verb 'to go' or 'to walk'.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/classics/pg_conferences/1999/bardsley_pap.html (2685 words)

	Rogation Days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		"Rogation" comes from the Latin "rogare," which means "to ask," and these are days on which we seek to appease God's anger, ask His mercy, avert His chastisements, and ask for His blessings, particularly with regard to farming, gardening, and other agricultural pursuits.
		Rogation Days are divided between the Major Rogation -- 25 April (by coincidence alone, the Feast of St. Mark) -- and the Minor Rogation, the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday before Ascension Thursday.
		The Major Rogation is of Roman origin, but the Minor Rogations came about in the 5th c., when St. Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, Dauphiné, France instituted them after a series of calamities, including earthquakes.
	www.fisheaters.com /rogationdays.html (279 words)

	Rogation Day Liturgy
		Rogation Day Processions trace their roots to the church of Fifth-Century France when special prayers were offered just before the Feast of the Ascension because of earthquake and poor harvests.
		The early Roman church celebrated Rogation Days with a Christian procession around the fields on the Feast of St. Mark (April 25) to suppress the ancient pagan roman celebrations honoring the god "Mildew" and the goddess "Rust".
		This Rogation Liturgy was assembled by the Rev Patricia Gillespie, Rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Virginia, MN), St. John's Episcopal Church (Eveleth, MN) and St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Tower, MN and Ely, MN).
	www.env-steward.com /worship/rogation2.htm (1024 words)

	USCCB - (Liturgy) - In the December 2003 BCL Newsletter...
		The Major Rogation Day of April 25 (coinciding with the feast of St. Mark) was to plead for protection of the crops against blight that was caused by rust.
		This day was marked by a procession to St. Peter's Basilica, as the litany of the saints was sung.
		These Rogation Days had their origin in Gaul in 469 when Bishop Mamertus of Vienna ordered that a fast be kept and special intercessions made because of the earthquake and poor harvests afflicting his city.
	www.usccb.org /liturgy/innews/1203.shtml (1814 words)

	Catholic-Pages.com \| Discussion Forum - Ember Days
		Ember days are three days set apart for fasting, abstinence, and prayer during each of the four seasons of the year.
		Since the revision of the Roman calendar in 1969, Ember Days are to be observed at the discretion of the National Conference of Bishops.
		In regard to capital punishment, I have come to believe that no man, regardless of the threat he poses to society at large, should be deprived of his life because of either cowardice of lack of resolve on the part of the state to ensure that he remain imprisioned.
	www.catholic-pages.com /forum/topic.asp?topic_id=9303 (614 words)

	Religion Glossaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This was the day when, traditionally, the whole congregation assembled for general penance.
		It was customary to consecrate bread made from the first ripe corn of the harvest at mass on this day; the name derives from 'loaf' and 'mass'.
		One meal a day, which might include fish but not meat, and a light collation at night were allowed.
	tudorhistory.org /glossaries/religion/days.html (300 words)

	A St. Bartholomew’s Sermon
		Rogation comes from the Latin “rogare” which means “to ask.” Rogation Days began in the early centuries of the church, borrowed from pagan customs of praying to the god who protected crops.
		The tradition was picked up by the Church of England so that Rogation Days were observed with a procession around the perimeter of a parish, not the parish as the church grounds, but the parish as the whole neighborhood to be served by the church.
		Rogation Days remind us that only a small part of what we are called to do as people of faith takes place in a church building.
	www.stbarts.org /sermons/ser050999.htm (2117 words)

	Rogation Days - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Rogation Days in the calendar of the Western Church, four days traditionally set apart for solemn processions to invoke God's mercy.
		They are Apr. 25, the Major Rogation, coinciding with St. Mark's Day; and the three days preceding Ascension Day, the Minor Rogations.
		Such liturgical usages are no longer prescribed in the universal Roman Catholic liturgical calendar; observance is left to the discretion of the national councils of bishops.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-rogation.html (234 words)

	Directorium Anglicanum: pages 76 to 85
		The collect for a saint’s day, and that alone, save in certain exceptional cases, (for which see infra,) is to be said on its eve at first Evensong, or on its vigil except the feast fall on a Monday, in which case Saturday is the vigil and Sunday the eve.
		Lent, vigils, and Rogation days are of the former, Fridays of the latter class.
		Rogation Days* are to be observed by the use of the collect “O GOD, Whose Nature,” andc., and by the reading of a several part of the sermon for Rogation week, to be found in the second book of Homilies.
	anglicanhistory.org /liturgy/directorium/p076.html (3117 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| Book of Days \| May 16 \| Rogation days Drinking on Wrekin Hill St Brendan ...
		Rogation is the Latin equivalent of the Greek
		The Rogation days are a prime source of dragon legends in England.
		The Office for his feast day (May 16) describes him as having power over the evil spirits, and the faithful are instructed to have recourse to him "contra omnes diabolicas nequitias".
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /book/may16.html (4783 words)

	Rogations-Learn More-Alice's Medieval Feasts & Fasts
		They were days of petition for the success of the crops and against such disasters as floods or drought.
		Rogation days were marked by a High mass with invocations to God to protect the crops.
		There would be processions around the churchyard, the fields and the village, with some peasants continuing with a circling of their homes, repeating the prayers.
	mw.mcmaster.ca /scriptorium/alice_site/rogations_more_end.html (126 words)

	The Rogation Days - Chapel Homily
		Ancient Rogation days are observed on the three days before Ascension Day.
		The Rogation days began in 470 under Bishop Mamertus of Vienne in response to a series of natural calamities.
		Nowadays prayers may be for other occupations with a recommitment to their labors Rogation days may be used anytime where there is a specific need for earnest prayer -- as that was its original use in 470.
	orderofcenturions.org /documents/rogation.html (1100 words)

	[Cet] Rogation Days
		Traditionally processions were held on these days and the Litany of the Saints was sung to ask God's blessings upon the planting and growing seasons and the crops.
		On four days of the year a procession should be made while the Litanies of the Saints are sung, to beg the blessing of God on the fruits of the earth.
		The purpose of the Rogation Days' service is to implore the mercy of God that He may keep us from all evils of soul and body, and give to the plants of the field an increase.
	www.symonds.net /pipermail/cet/2005-April/000158.html (725 words)

	The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod - Christian Cyclopedia
		Rogation days are now observed by RCs and many Prots.
		The Sunday before Ascension Day is called Rogate (after the Rogation days in that week) or Vocem iucunditatis (after the 1st words of the Introit in Lat.
		); but Rogate is a festival in its own right, not a penitential day; the fact that its propers lend themselves to the rogation theme is coincidental; the character of the rogation days is in traditional practice not made retroactive to Rogate.
	www.lcms.org /ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=r&word=ROGATIONDAYS (218 words)

	CATHOLIC PewPOINT editorial May 21 (may21ed.htm)
		Rogation Days originated in the fifth century after earthquakes and other natural calamities tormented the Diocese of Vienne in Dauphine, France.
		Rogation is derived from the Latin rogare, meaning "to ask." The objective being to gather as one to ask Heaven to appease the anger of God and avert the scourges of His Justice, as well as praying for a bountiful harvest.
		During these days which used to be Rogation Days, there is nothing wrong with praying in supplication to appease the anger of the Almighty, to avert His Justice as the Cup overflows, to pray His ordaining Will be followed by those consecrated men in red who are gathering today in Rome.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/2001May/may21ed.htm (2122 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: rogation days (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		25 April, and the three days before the Ascension, observed to appease God's wrath, ask protection, and invoke a blessing on the harvest.
		The Litany of the Saints is chanted in the procession, and the Rogation Mass follows.
		Rogation days were dropped from the Church's calendar in the reform of 1970, but since 1988 have been revived.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saintS/ncd07139.htm (126 words)

	A Seed From the Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Like many other things in the Church, this Rogation Day had it's origins among the many missionaries who were sent out into the pagan parts of what we now know as Europe.
		If for any reason the seed did not appear on the third day, he told them he would give himself over to them to be their sacrifice, and while he would lose his life, they would only have lost 3-days worth of planting.
		On the third day, when the people awoke and went to look at the fields they not only found plants everywhere the seeds had been planted, but they also found that the plants had grown to nearly an arms length virtually overnight.
	www.episcopalian.org /HSpirBLA/oldseeds/seed11.html (1317 words)

	Office for Ministry Development
		Rogation represented the dependence upon God from the very beginning of the production cycles-on the farm, on the boat.
		On Rogation Sunday, the celebrant's concluding collect to the Prayers of the People could be those appropriate for people in an industrial society: e.g., BCP, p.
		We can use those Rogation days to affirm and confirm the work of Christians today as indeed the call of God to special ministry in his name in his world, dependent upon his grace and love.
	www.episcopalchurch.org /1521_8916_ENG_Print.html (1114 words)

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