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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Roger II of Sicily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Roger II (1093-1154), son and successor of Roger I, began his rule in 1112.
		It is Roger II's distinction to have united all the Norman conquests into one kingdom and to have granted them a scientific, personal and centralized government.
		However the union of Sicily and Apulia was resisted by Honorius II and by the subjects of the duchy itself.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ro/Roger_II_of_Sicily (799 words)

	Roger II - LoveToKnow 1911
		The union of Sicily and Apulia, however, was resisted by Honorius II.
		Roger, freed from the utmost danger, recovered ground, sacked Capua and forced Sergius to acknowledge him as overlord of Naples.
		It is Roger II.'s distinction to have united all the Norman conquests into one kingdom and to have subjected them to a government scientific, personal and centralized.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Roger_II (983 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Roger II of Sicily - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		However, the union of Sicily and Apulia was resisted by Pope Honorius II and by the subjects of the duchy itself.
		Roger II's eldest son Roger was given the title of Duke of Apulia.
		Roger II's first marriage was to Elvira of Castile, a daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Roger_II_of_Sicily (2728 words)

	Roger II of Sicily Summary
		Roger II was the son of the "Great Count" Roger of Sicily and Adelaide of Savona, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, the greatest Norman ruler of Apulia and Sicily.
		Roger, a member of the first generation of the Hauteville family to be born in their southern Italian domains, was raised in the cosmopolitan Arabic, Greek, and Norman culture of Sicily, and his subsequent character reflects that upbringing.
		Roger II (1093 – February 26, 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.
	www.bookrags.com /Roger_II_of_Sicily (3241 words)

	King Roger II - Best of Sicily Magazine
		Roger II, a member of the Norman de Hauteville dynasty which arrived in Italy as knights early in the eleventh century, was the first medieval king of Sicily, and it was during his reign that a true Sicilian nation, inhabited by a "Sicilian people," can be said to have been established.
		Roger II was a son of Roger I, Great Count of Sicily, and Adelaide of Savona.
		Roger I had accepted the duty of Apostolic Legate, effectively "protector" of the Roman Church in Sicily, in 1098, allowing the sovereign a voice in ecclesiastical affairs and preceding by decades similar claims by Henry II of England in his Constitutions of Clarendon (1164).
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art124.htm (1143 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Roger I of Sicily
		Roger was the youngest son of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fredisenda.
		Roger, the "Great Count of Sicily," died on June 22 1101, in his seventieth year and was buried in S. Trinità of Mileto.
		Roger's third and last wife was Adelaide del Vasto, niece of Boniface, Lord of Savona.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily (739 words)

	ROGER II. - LoveToKnow Article on ROGER II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The union of Sicily and Apulia, however, was resisted by Honorius II.
		It is Roger II.'s distinction to have united all the Norman conquests into one kingdom and to have subjected them to a government scientific, personal and centralized.
		Another English prelate of this name was ROGER, bishop of Worcester, a younger son of Robert, earl of Gloucester, and thus a grandson of the English king Henry I. In 1163 his cousin Henry II.
	www.1911ency.org /R/RO/ROGER_II_.htm (1869 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > William II of Sicily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Until the king came of age in 1171 the government was controlled first by the chancellor Stephen of Perche[?], cousin of Marguerite (1166-1168), and then by Walter Ophamil[?], archbishop of Palermo, and Matthew d'Ajello, the vice-chancellor.
		In 1174 and 1175 he made treaties with Genoa and Venice and his marriage in February 1177 with Joan, daughter of Henry II of England, marks his high position in European politics.
		To secure peace with the emperor he sanctioned the marriage of his aunt Constance, daughter of Roger II, with Frederick's son Henry, afterwards the emperor Henry V, causing a general oath to be taken to her as his successor in case of his death without heirs.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/wi/William_II_of_Sicily (515 words)

	Emperor Frederick II - Best of Sicily Magazine
		Imitating oriental habits, Roger II gathered much power in his own hands and ruled Sicily and southern Italy as a benevolent despot in the Byzantine tradition, distinguishing his form of government from that of the Normans in England.
		At his death in 1154, Roger II was succeeded by his son, William I, whose policies often met with opposition from the entrenched Norman vassals.
		In 1189, at thirty six, this sovereign died and was succeeded by his aunt, Constance, a daughter of Roger II and wife of the powerful central European ruler Henry VI of the Swabian von Hohenstaufen dynasty.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art57.htm (1413 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Muhammad al-Idrisi was born in Sabtah, then belonging to the Almoravid Empire (nowadays Ceuta, Spain) and died in Sicily, or maybe in Sabtah.
		He worked on the commentaries and illustrations for eighteen years at the court of King Roger II of Sicily.
		Roger II of Sicily had his world map drawn on a circle of silver weighing about 400 pounds.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=al-Idrisi (445 words)

	Sicilian Peoples: The Swabians - Best of Sicily Magazine - Swabians in Sicilian History
		In 1186, Constance Hauteville, the youngest child of King Roger II of Sicily, was betrothed to Henry VI, second son of Frederick Barbarossa.
		In 1200, Sicily was a multicultural kingdom; by the end of the Swabian era a half-century later it was an essentially "European" one.
		In Sicily, despite numerous "parliaments" and declarations over the years, nothing comparable ever emerged, even though there were numerous laws, such as the remarkable Assizes of Ariano of Roger II.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art174.htm (1540 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Constance of Sicily
		1194, king of Sicily (1190-94), illegitimate son of Roger of Apulia and grandson of Roger II of Sicily.
		On the death of his cousin, William II of Sicily, Tancred was crowned (1190) king.
		The death of Roger II of Sicily: February 26th, 1154.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Constance+of+Sicily (1413 words)

	Normans in Sicily
		This is an overview of the History of Norman Sicily and not meant to substitute for proper research.
		In 1057 Roger of Hauteville becomes the leader of the Normans on the death of his brother Humphrey.
		The whole conquest is pretty much complete by 1090, with Roger I becoming Count of Sicily and his son Roger II becoming King of Sicily and Southern Italy in 1130, which by then also includes Greece and parts of North Africa.
	www.medievalcrusades.com /normansicily.htm (465 words)

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		Roger II was the first to introduce an elaborate court etiquette modeled on that of the imperial court at Byzantium, and to support a flowering of the arts by patronising the royal workshops, the Ergasterion (or Nobiles Officinae in Latin).
		During the reign of Frederick II, the coronation robes were brought north where they became - in a kind of cultural transplant operation - the coronation vestments of the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
		It was probably their obvious foreign-ness that led to the invention of a persistent legend identifying the robes as those of the canonised Emperor Charlemagne; it was believed that once upon a time the first Emperor of the West had won them from the Saracens (the earliest inventory giving this version dates from 1350).
	www.khm.at /staticE/page3048.html (851 words)

	Sicily, Italy (Photo Archive)
		The Norman dynasty in Sicily lasted a century, but in 1194 there was no male heir, and Sicily passed to emperor Henry VI of the Holy Roman Empire, who was married to a daughter of Roger II of Sicily.
		Sicily became a separate kingdom ruled by a branch of the House of Aragon, but the conflict with the Angevins in Naples continued for decades to come, with repeated and reciprocal invasions in Sicily and Southern Italy.
		Sicily was ruled by a viceroy with residence in the Norman Palace of Palermo.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/613_Sicily.html (3754 words)

	Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler between East and West Canadian Journal of History - Find Articles
		Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler between East and West, by Hubert Houben, translated by Graham A. Loud and Diane Milburn.
		The sentiments of the twelfth-century Koran reciter are infectious in this excellent overview of the reign of Roger II (1105-54) and the early history of the Kingdom of Sicily.
		Roger II forged one of the longest lasting European political units out of the conquests of his Norman forbears, Robert Guiscard (d.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200412/ai_n13243894 (755 words)

	William II Of Sicily - LoveToKnow 1911
		Champion of the papacy and in secret league with the Lombard cities he was able to defy the common enemy, Frederick II.
		To secure peace with the emperor he sanctioned the marriage of his aunt Constance, daughter of Roger II., with Frederick's son Henry, afterwards the emperor Henry VI., causing a general oath to be taken to her as his successor in case of his death without heirs.
		This step, fatal to the Norman kingdom, was possibly taken that William might devote himself to foreign conquests.' Unable to revive the African dominion, William directed his attack on Egypt, from which Saladin threatened the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /William_II_Of_Sicily (482 words)

	1. The Norman Kingdom in South Italy and Sicily. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Norman count Roger II of Sicily succeeded the Norman duke William of Apulia (1111–27) and assumed the title of king of Sicily, Apulia, and Capua with the approval of the antipope Anacletus II.
		William I, continuing Roger's policy, defeated (1156) the Byzantine allies of Pope Adrian IV and compelled Adrian to recognize his title in Sicily, Apulia, Naples, Amalfi, and Salerno.
		Roger II's cosmopolitan court and generous patronage of the learned produced a brilliant circle that included the Arab geographer Edrisi, Eugenius, the translator of Ptolemy's Optics, and Henry Aristippus, translator of Plato's Phaedo and Book IV of Aristotle's Meterologica.
	www.bartelby.com /67/471.html (377 words)

	Castles in Sicily
		The Tower of Frederick II of Swabia, formerly thought to be built by Frederick II of Aragon, is set atop a low hill overlooking all the surrounding area.
		Following Peter II’s death (successor of Frederick), and a long succession dispute, the castle passed to Matteo Palizzi, Count of Novara, and eventually to the Bonanno family that was also granted the Dukedom of Montalbano.
		It was built at Frederick II’s behest, in the first half of the 1200s and served as the residence of the Aragonese Royal family in the 14th century.
	www.sicilyhotels.com /castles_in_sicily.htm (4224 words)

	Roger II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Naples and Capua recognized Roger’s sovereignty; Innocent was obliged to invest him with the lands that, for the next seven centuries, were to constitute the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily.
		Prosperity returned to Sicily, and Roger’s brilliant court at Palermo was a center of the arts, letters, and sciences.
		Roger was succeeded by his son, William I. See E. Curtis, Roger of Sicily (1912, repr.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ro/Roger2.html (204 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Roger claimed the vacant Duchies of Calabria and Apulia which had belonged to his deceased cousin, William.
		He then returned to Sicily and, in 1130 at Palermo, assuming the title of King of Sicily and Italy, was crowned by a representative of Anti-pope Anacletus.
		King Roger II then conquered Tripoli in North-Africa while his admiral, George of Antioch, conquered Corfu, Thebes and Corinthe and attacked Constantinople.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/roger2ofsicilybio.html (269 words)

	Home\|Collections\|Treasury\|The Holy Roman Empire\|The Coronation Mantle
		The precious mantle embroidered with gold, pearls and cloisonné-enamelled plaques was part of the coronation set of robes used at the coronations of the kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.
		These precious robes were made by Arab artisans for the Norman kings on Sicily in the 12th and 13th centuries and passed to the German house of Hohenstaufen.
		Thus this robe was made for Roger II of Sicily (1095-1154).
	www.khm.at /staticE/page480.html (265 words)

	Roger II of Sicily
		Roger II of Sicily is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Constance of Sicily (1154 – November 27, 1198) was in her own right Queen of Sicily, became German Empress as the wife of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, and was the mother of the Emperor and King of Sicily Frederick II.
		She was the posthumous daughter of Roger II of Sicily by his third wife Beatrice of Rethel.
	www.experiencefestival.com /roger_ii_of_sicily (994 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Monarchia Sicula
		The oldest document advanced in support of their claim is a Bull of 5 July, 1098, addressed by Urban II to Count Roger I of Sicily (Jaffé, "Regista Rom.
		Paschal II in a Bull of 1 October, 1117, addressed to Count Roger II of Sicily (Jaffé, loc.
		Noto in Sicily, undertook to collect the official documents by which the rights of the kings of Sicily, both in ecclesiastical and in secular matters, were clearly determined.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10451a.htm (1030 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: King of Naples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Constance of Sicily 1194-1198, married to Henry VI
		Ferdinand IV (III of Sicily) 1759-1806 (continued to reign in Sicily until 1815, when he was restored in Naples as well)
		Ferdinand I (formerly Ferdinand IV of Naples and III of Sicily) 1815-1825
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/King-of-Naples (159 words)

	Holidays in Sicily - Holidays in Sicily, Beach Rentals in Sicily
		Sicily was taken by the Vandals and then the Goths in the 5th century.
		The Norman Roger II was recognized (1139) by Pope Innocent II as king of Sicily and of the Norman territories in southern Italy.
		Sicily passed briefly to the house of Savoy (1713) and then to the Austrian Habsburgs (1720), but in 1734, during the War of the Polish Succession, both Sicily and Naples were conquered by the Spanish Bourbon prince Charles.
	www.sicilia-vacanza.com /english/News.asp?idnews=101 (603 words)

	Ischia
		The area was devastated by the Saracens in 813 and 847; in 1004 it was occupied by Henry II of Germany; the Norman Roger II of Sicily took it in 1130; the island was raided by the Pisans in 1135 and 1137 and subsequently fell under the Suebi and then Angevin rule.
		It was conquered in 1284 by the forces of Aragon and Charles II d'Anjou was unable to successfully retake it until 1299.
		In 1422 Joan II gave the island to her adoptive son Alfonso V of Aragon, though, when he fell into disgrace, she retook it with the help of Genoa in 1424.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Cities/Ischia.html (1215 words)

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