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	Rohwer
		Rohwer Relocation Center grew 85% of the vegetables consumed at the center.
		When Rohwer Relocation Center was closed, 120,000 acres were deeded to the local school district and the rest was sold to farmers or veterans.
		Rohwer Relocation Center is 11 miles north of McGehee and 110 miles southeast of Little Rock, Arkansas.
	www.nps.gov /manz/ccrohwer.htm (424 words)

	Japanese American internment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japanese American Internment refers to the forcible relocation of approximately 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans, 62 percent of whom were United States citizens, from the West Coast during World War II to hastily constructed housing facilities called "War Relocation Camps" in remote portions of the nation's interior.
		Relocation Centers were camps that housed evacuated residents for the duration of the war, or until they decided to relocate other parts of America outside the exclusion zone.
		Some estimate that by the time the last of the relocation camps closed on December 1, 1945, the Japanese Americans had lost homes and businesses estimated to be worth, in 1999 values, 4 to 5 billion dollars, and that deleterious effects on Japanese American individuals, their families, and their communities, went beyond monetary damages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_American_internment (6116 words)

	War Relocation Authority - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The War Relocation Authority (WRA) was U.S. civilian agency responsible for the relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
		The WRA was created by President Roosevelt on March 18, 1942 with Executive Order 9102 and officially ceased to exist June 30, 1946.
		The WRA was responsible for ten relocation centers, most located on the West Coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_Relocation_Authority (148 words)

	NARA - Educators and Students - Japanese Relocation During World War II
		Relocation centers were situated many miles inland, often in remote and desolate locales.
		As the war drew to a close, the relocation centers were slowly evacuated.
		Newly arrived evacuees from the assembly center at Puyallup, Washington, are registered and assigned barrack apartments at this War Relocation Authority center.
	www.archives.gov /education/lessons/japanese-relocation (1665 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - relocation center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		RELOCATION CENTER [relocation center] in U.S. history, camp in which Japanese and Japanese-Americans were interned during World War II.
		After voluntary evacuation was prohibited, the army forcibly moved approximately 110,000 evacuees, most of whom were American citizens, to 10 relocation centers in Western states operated by the authority.
		The majority of evacuees remained in the relocation centers until after Dec., 1944, when the mass exclusion orders were revoked.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r/relocati.asp (564 words)

	Rohwer Relocation Center
		Located five miles west of the Mississippi River in Arkansas, the Rohwer Relocation Center was near the town of McGehee and 110 miles southeast of Little Rock.
		Both Arkansas relocation centers were located in poverty-stricken areas, and officials had hoped that the centers would boost the local economy.
		Rohwer’s population peaked at 8,475 in March 1943, and later took in many of the residents from nearby Jerome Relocation Center, which was shut down and converted into a German POW camp in November 1944.
	www.javadc.org /rohwer_relocation_center.htm (975 words)

	The Camps
		After the Japanese Americans in Jerome were moved to Rohwer and other camps or relocated to the east in June, 1944, Jerome was used to hold German POWs.
		Of these 120,313: 54,127 returned to the West Coast after their incarceration; 52,798 relocated to the interior; 4724 moved (or were moved) to Japan; 3121 were sent to INS internment camps; 2355 joined the armed forces; 1862 died during imprisonment; 1322 were sent to institutions; and 4 were classified as "unauthorized departures."
		War Relocation Authority Penal Colonies for U.S. citizens.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/8420/camps.html (952 words)

	Jerome Relocation Center
		While most of the other relocation camps were built on barren, windswept lands, Jerome Relocation Center was in the middle of heavily wooded swampland, 18 miles south of McGehee and 120 miles southeast of Little Rock.
		Construction of the Jerome Relocation Center began on July 15, 1942, and it was the last of the ten camps to be opened on October 6, 1942.
		Because the WRA leave process had enabled many internees to resettle outside the camps before the end of the war, the population among all the relocation centers declined dramatically in 1944.
	www.javadc.org /jerome_relocation_center.htm (1205 words)

	Camp relocation rohwer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Rohwer relocation Center was comprised of 600 acres.
		Map of the Ten Relocation Camps The ten relocation centers were populated as follows:.
		The Rohwer Relocation Center near the community of Rohwer in Desha County, Arkansas,...
	2342.aquarium-tuinvijver.be (594 words)

	NARA - Guide to Federal Records - Records of the War Relocation Authority [WRA]
		Functions: Formulated and executed a program for removal, relocation, maintenance, and supervision, in 10 interior relocation centers, of persons (principally of Japanese ancestry) excluded from military areas designated in accordance with EO 9066, February 19, 1942.
		Textual Records: Statistical reports on the population of relocation centers and the refugee shelter, 1942-46.
		Educational transcripts of former evacuee residents of War Relocation centers, 1942-45.
	archives.gov /research/guide-fed-records/groups/210.html?template=print (1140 words)

	Manzanar Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Manzanar Relocation Center, established as the Owens Valley Reception Center, was first run by the U.S. Army's Wartime Civilian Control Administration (WCCA).
		It later became the first relocation center to be operated by the War Relocation Authority (WRA).
		The center was located at the former farm and orchard community of Manzanar.
	www.manzanar.com /information.php (241 words)

	american internment camps - japenese american internment camps
		The Japanese American Internment refers to the forcible relocation of approximately 112,000 to 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans, 62 percent of whom were United States citizens, from the west coast of the United States during World War II to hastily constructed housing facilities called War Relocation Camps in remote portions of the nation's interior.
		The official apology admitted that the relocation was based on "race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership", and beginning in 1990, the government paid reparations to surviving internees.
		Thus, while they were de facto concentration camps and prison camps, calling them relocation centers or internment camps is no longer considered a dilution of their true nature.
	japanese-japenese.com /Japanese-Ho-to-Ja/american_internment_camps.php (5687 words)

	JAOHP G-L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Compares Pinedale Assembly Center and Tule Lake War Relocation Center with emphasis on camp newspapers; Kibei faction and Nisei leadership at Tule Lake War Relocation Center; and postwar position of the Japanese in Orange County, California.
		An Arizona resident since 1927 and retired employee of the Bureau of Indian Affairs describes the Poston War Relocation Center in Arizona; personal and community reaction to it; layout of camp; construction of barracks; development of irrigation project; farming by internees; Italian and German prisoners of war in area, and closing of the camp.
		Emphasizes life experiences of her family in pre—World War II community of Seal Beach, California as viewed from the perspective of a woman, including her reactions and response to the internment of her husband after Pearl Harbor.
	coph.fullerton.edu /jaohp_g-l.htm (1399 words)

	The War Relocation Camps of World War II: When Fear Was Stronger than Justice
		Many political leaders, army officers, newspaper reporters, and ordinary people came to believe that everyone of Japanese ancestry, including American citizens born in the United States, needed to be removed from the West Coast.
		The temporary, tar paper-covered barracks, the guard towers, and most of the barbed-wire fences are gone now, but the people who spent years of their lives in the centers will never forget them.
		This lesson is based on the Manzanar War Relocation Center and the Rowher Relocation Center Memorial Cemetery, two of the thousands of properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/89manzanar/89manzanar.htm (233 words)

	Relocation Center Sites
		They were then transferred to camps called Relocation Centers, which were controlled by the War Relocation Authority (WRA).
		In addition to the 10 centers there were many other camps in which people of Japanese ancestry lived in during this period of internment.
		Label each dot on your map with the name of the Relocation Center that is next to the coordinates.
	www.hawaii.edu /hga/ASGI02/wwII/Relocation_Center_Site.htm (261 words)

	Trove.net -- Another successfully relocated Issei is Kay Kato, age 38, of the Rohwer Relocation Center. He is shown ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Trove.net -- Another successfully relocated Issei is Kay Kato, age 38, of the Rohwer Relocation Center.
		Another successfully relocated Issei is Kay Kato, age 38, of the Rohwer Relocation Center.
		War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement.
	trove.net /CUBU0013/CUBU0013_002321.html (471 words)

	Finding Aid for the Manzanar War Relocation Center Records, 1942-1946 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Manzanar War Relocation Center was located in the Owens Valley in Central California.
		On June 1, 1942, Manzanar was reconstituted as a War Relocation Authority (WRA) center.
		Its peak population was 10,121, and the majority of its internees came from pre-World War II Japanese American communities in the Los Angeles basin.
	www.oac.cdlib.org:8082 /findaid/ark:/13030/kt2z09p45v (317 words)

	Rohwer Japanese American Relocation Center Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		That cluster of trees in the middle of the field shades the memorials of the Japanese Americans who died while their families were imprisoned at a relocation camp that was built in this field.
		"They got to sit out the war without being shot at." While military service was not required in all cases, some were drafted for intelligence in the South Pacific; and there were two volunteer Japanese-American units, the 100th battalion and the 442nd regimental combat team, who saw action in the Italy campaign.
		On the outskirts of Rohwer, you'll see a sign for the "Rohwer Historical Cemetery." This memorial is about a half-mile down the dirt road.
	users.aristotle.net /~russjohn/history/rohwer.html (1731 words)

	Gallery of the Open Frontier Site Map / Subject Headings Beginning with "J"
		A chef of Japanese ancestry at this War Relocation Authority center.
		Harvesting spinach on the farm at this relocation center.
		Robert Cozzens, field Director of the War Relocation Authority, discusses potato planting with on of the Evacuee farmers.
	gallery.unl.edu /Sitemap_Images_J17.html (3209 words)

	Little Rock
		Los Angeles, CA -- Rose Ochi, a former internee of Rohwer War Relocation Center, will be participating in the University of Arkansas at Little Rock and the Japanese American National Museum’s landmark partnership project, Life Interrupted: The Japanese American Experience in World War II Arkansas, September 23-26, 2004.
		Manzanar, in California, was one of ten and the first of the permanent War Relocation Centers at which Japanese Americans were confined during World War II.
		Director of the Community Relations Service of the Department of Justice from 1997-2001, Ochi was unanimously confirmed to that post by the U.S. Senate and was the first Asian Pacific American woman to serve at the assistant attorney general level.
	www.calstatela.edu /univ/ppa/newsrel/dna-littlerock.htm (341 words)

	The War Relocation Camps of World War II--About This Lesson
		The lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places files "Manzanar War Relocation Center" and "Rohwer Relocation Center Memorial Cemetery"; Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites written by Jeffery F. Burton, Mary M. Farrell, Florence B. Lord, and Richard W. Lord; and other related materials.
		There has been a great deal of impassioned debate about what to call the people who were relocated and the places they were relocated to.
		The Rohwer Relocation Center Memorial Cemetery is located one half mile north of the town of Rohwer, in southeastern Arkansas.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/89manzanar/89about.htm (466 words)

	Eric L. Muller, A Penny For Their Thoughts: Draft Resistance At The Poston Relocation Center, 68 Law & Contemp. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		One was Dillon Myer, the head of the War Relocation Authority ("WRA"), who was eager to secure approval of a broad plan to allow the residents of the ten Japanese internment camps to relocate to points in the interior and believed that a showing of bravery by Japanese American troops would aid in that effort.
		And on February 17, 1944, the War Relocation Authority itself ceased being a freestanding federal agency and was taken over by the Department of the Interior.
		The Nisei response to the draft at the Poston Relocation Center simply did not fit into neat dyadic pairings of "loyal" and "disloyal," "honorable" and "dishonorable," "courageous" and "cowardly." They were more richly human than that.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/lcp/articles/lcp68dspring2005p119.htm (13566 words)

	The Ultimate Japanese American internment - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Another defender of the policy is Filipino-American opinion columnist Michelle Malkin, who authored a 2004 book entitled In Defense of Internment : The Case for Racial Profiling in World War II and the War on Terror, although critics have characterized her book as being one-sided, poorly researched, and logically unsound.
		Tule Lake was reserved for those of Japanese descent who were specifically suspected of espionage, treason, or other such disloyalty, and their families, as well as individuals who were community leaders, such as teachers, priests, etc. Other families were held at Tule Lake because they requested to be "repatriated" to Japan.
		Also, many other things besides both internment and relocation are involved, among them: individual and group exclusion from "military" zones, deportation, illegal detainment, de-naturalization, alien enemy registration requirements, curfews, travel restrictions, and property confiscation (including seizures, freezing, bond seizure, and restrictions) for those of foreign birth and/or of "enemy" ancestry.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Japanese_American_Internment (4020 words)

	Japanese American National Museum: Hirasaki National Resource Center
		The West Coast is declared a theater of war.
		It would later be reported, however, that upon their arrival to the camp, the men had been too ill to walk from the train station to the camp gate.
		August 4, 1942 A routine search for contraband at the Santa Anita "Assembly Center" turns into a "riot." Eager military personnel had become overzealous and abusive which, along with the failure of several attempts to reach the camp's internal security chief, triggers mass unrest, crowd formation, and the harassing of the searchers.
	www.janm.org /nrc/internch.php (3113 words)

	Trove.net -- Katsuji Edward Taniguchi, Issei from the Gila River Relocation Center, is harvesting tomatoes on the farm ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Taniguchi was a vegetable grower, packer, and shopper on a cash-rent basis at Brentwood, Calif., before evacuation in May, 1942.
		Shimakawa, are at Rohwer, and her brother Jiro is stationed at Camp Maxin, Texas.
		Katsuji Edward Taniguchi, Issei from the Gila River Relocation Center, is harvesting tomatoes on the farm of Herman S. Heston, Newtown, Bucks County, Pa. He is one of the five Issei who were obliged by neighbors' protests to leave another farm at Great Meadows, N.J., shortly after arriving there in April, 1944, from Gila River.
	trove.net /CUBU0013/CUBU0013_002046.html (450 words)

	Japanese American Internment - Removal of Japanese and Japanese Americans During WWII
		Critics of the exclusion often claim that there was no military justification for it as there are no cases of military espionage was ever that has was ever attributable to Japanese-Americans.
		Commander Kenneth Ringle estimated that 25% of all Americans of Japanese ancestry were of doubtful loyalty and that about 3,500 could be expected to become espionage agents and sabotageurs.
		And on January 2, 1945, the exclusion order was rescinded entirely, although the relocation camps remained open for residents who weren't ready to make the move back.
	www.japan-101.com /history/japanese_american_internment.htm (3361 words)

	University of Arkansas, Fayetteville: Jerome Relocation Center Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Jerome relocation center was one of two Japanese internment camps built in southeast Arkansas.
		The War Relocation Authority (WRA) in Washington was in charge of the relocation program and appointed regional and local attorneys to help supervise the internment procedures.
		The Jerome Relocation Center Collection was purchased by Special Collections from South by Southwest in April, 1984.
	libinfo.uark.edu /specialcollections/findingaids/jerome.html (242 words)

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