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	BlueBeat.com - Artist Page: Rahsaan Roland Kirk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Kirk played the continuum of jazz tradition as an instrument unto itself; he felt little compunction about mixing and matching elements from the music's history, and his concoctions usually seemed natural, if not inevitable.
		Kirk was born with sight, but became blind at the age of two.
		Kirk suffered a paralyzing stroke in 1975, losing movement on one side of his body, but his homemade saxophone technique allowed him to continue to play; beginning in 1976 and lasting until his death a year later, Kirk played one-handed.
	www.mediarightstechnology.com /artists/7633 (596 words)

	Rahsaan Roland Kirk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rahsaan Roland Kirk (August 7th, 1935 - December 5th, 1977) was a blind American jazz saxophonist, perhaps best known for his ability to play more than one saxophone at once.
		Kirk was born Ronald Kirk in Columbus, Ohio, but felt compelled by a dream to transpose two letters in his first name to make Roland.
		His playing was generally rooted in soul jazz or hard bop, but Kirk's encyclopedic knowledge of jazz history allowed him to draw convincingly on any element of the music's history, from ragtime to Swing and free jazz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roland_Kirk (816 words)

	Rahsaan Roland Kirk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Kirk's signature sound, wrought from playing three instruments simultaneously -- tenor sax, manzello, and stritch (the last two's names alone invite ridicule) -- was seen as a gimmick, a perception fueled by his use of such auxiliary devices as nose flute, whistle, siren, and anything else that could be pressed into service.
		But when Kirk launched an assault and disconnected from his rhythm section in quadruple-timing ecstasy, it just sounded like fun (and those rhythm sections, not incidentally, are famously lacking in individual voices -- there was only one star in the Rahsaan show).
		Kirk was also like a sponge, someone who soaked up the tradition -- years before tradition-soaking became the standard mode -- then squeezed out his homages with his customarily furious joy.
	www.bostonphoenix.com /archive/music/98/01/01/RAHSAAN_ROLAND_KIRK.html (534 words)

	Junkmedia: Roland Kirk : Left & Right (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Roland Kirk was a dreamer, haunted and invigorated by things he saw in his sleep.
		For Kirk, these sounds are the basis for a heritage-minded style that borrows freely from his musical antecedents in pastiche form.
		I always considered Kirk to be a progressive, a restless spirit, who could match wits and audacity with any of the christened "avant-gardists." What separated Kirk, though, was his sense of history.
	www.junkmedia.org /?i=281 (708 words)

	African American Registry: Roland Kirk, a jazz purist!
		Kirk's band-mates were Eric Dolphy, Danny Richmond and Jackie Byard, and the exposure helped to introduce the young virtuoso to mainstream jazz audiences.
		Kirk was also a highly innovative flutist, using many unorthodox techniques in his playing, especially simultaneously singing and playing, his most famous example of which is You Did It, You Did It from “We Free Kings,” his first release for Mercury.
		While the techniques that Kirk used were not his in origin (circular breathing is a necessity in playing the Australian aboriginal didjeridu and several performers played three clarinets at once as early as the 1920's), he brought musicality to these novelty tricks.
	aaregistry.com /african_american_history/872/Roland_Kirk_a_jazz_purist (465 words)

	Roland Kirk
		Roland defends these song choices in the liner notes (reprinted from the original Atlantic release) by saying he plays these not from corporate pressure but because those are the tunes he likes, and that this is the essence of the idea of volunteered slavery.
		Apparently much learning went down in that period, as Kirk plays in similar terms of spiritual endearment, though his musical sense of humor is much more up front than his mentor's (I don't think Coltrane ever employed the whoopee whistle in the middle of a lament, or laughed so heartily through his horn).
		Kirk, ts, flt, nose flt, manzello, stritch, gong, whistle, vcl; Ron Burton, p; Vernon Martin, b; Charles Crosby, d; Sonny Brown, d; Jimmy Hopps, d; Joe Habao Texidor, perc; Charles McGhee, tpt; Dick Griffin, tbn; The Roland Kirk Spirit Choir, vcls.
	www.birdhouse.org /words/scot/kirk.html (525 words)

	Amazon.ca: Music: We Free Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		It is certainly true that Roland Kirk (later to become Rahsaan Roland Kirk, of course) was unfairly dismissed for the showmanship that included simultaneously playing multiple horns, producing odd and disconcerting sounds on nose flute, and employing strange instruments (fl mystery pipes, for example).
		It is sometimes forgotten that Roland Kirk was a jazz musician in the first place and not an entertainer who'd amuse the masses with playing, say, three saxophones at the same time.
		Kirk acknowledged his influences with a cover of "Blues for Alice," but then he stunned--and still stuns--with the succinct "You Did It, You Did It," a short piece consisting almost entirely of the flute attack which is not quite like anything heard before, and perhaps since.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000046XT (815 words)

	Roland Kirk Quartet - Rip, Rig & Panic. Review by Austen Zuege
		Kirk was such a showman, his own recordings don’t always convey his careening personality enough.
		Kirk airs fresh ideas on the title track and the striking closer “Slippery, Hippery, Flippery” using electronics—both alongside and in place of the other instruments—with confidence.
		Roland Kirk had plenty of time for showmanship since this album was already in the bag!
	www.bluedark.com /reviews/Roland_Kirk_Quartet--Rip_Rig_Panic.htm (380 words)

	Hip Chops- Roland Kirk biography
		Throughout the sixties and early seventies Roland was a ubiquitous presence on the New York jazz scene.
		Kirk knew all too well that the music's brightest moments were sadly often witnessed by just a handful.
		From Kirk's point of view, it made no difference what you did, whether you were a plumber or a caligrapher, it was your commitment to your work, your art and life that mattered most.
	www.furious.com /perfect/rolandkirk.html (3436 words)

	Rahsaan Roland Kirk -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Rahsaan Roland Kirk (1935-1977) was a blind (A genre of popular music that originated in New Orleans around 1900 and developed through increasingly complex styles) jazz (A musician who plays the saxophone) saxophonist, perhaps best known for his ability to play more than one (A single-reed woodwind with a conical bore) saxophone at once.
		Kirk was born Ronald Kirk, but felt compelled by a (A series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep) dream to transpose two letters in his first name to make Roland.
		One technique which he developed was to (Click link for more info and facts about sing) sing or hum into the flute at the same time as playing.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/rahsaan_roland_kirk.htm (208 words)

	Rahsaan Roland Kirk Discography & Biography, Rahsaan Roland Kirk Albums & CDs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Rahsaan Roland Kirk was one of the greatest multi-instrumentalists and post-modernists of jazz.
		Kirk also played horns that were constructed from different instruments, and other instruments of his own design.
		Kirk originally played trumpet in the school band, but was advised to drop the instrument due to strain it causes on the eyes.
	www.prex.com /biography/Rahsaan-Roland-Kirk-discography.htm (901 words)

	Rahsaan Roland Kirk
		In Leonard Feather's Encyclopedia of Jazz in the Sixties (Horizon Press) Roland Kirk was described as unclassifiable "either as an avant-gardist or as a traditionalist; he is a completely original performer, a category in himself.
		The Rahsaan Roland Kirk Spirit Choir is featured on Kirk's lilting, uplifting "Search for the Reason Why" which moves along on an Afro-Latino beat.
		Kirk's vocal sounds are slightly disturbing, like meeting of Stone Age man at the mouth of his cave.
	www.nathanielturner.com /rahsaanrolandkirk2.htm (761 words)

	Roland Kirk \| Kirk In Copenhagen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Live, Kirk barrels through tunes with an almost reckless abandon, making judicious use of the noisemaking possibilities of his various instruments and firing out long, squalling passages made possible by the circular breathing he mastered.
		Kirk was a performer who was very sympathetic to his audience, injecting humor through bawdy lyrics and the occasional nose flute licks and, this being an earlier recording, little of the politicizing that became his passion later on.
		First, the sidemen seem under rehearsed, not having fully absorbed Kirk's method and hanging on by their fingernails whenever he solos, seeming to breathe a sigh of relief when he takes a break.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/article.php?id=14799 (395 words)

	Amazon.ca: Music: Rip Rig And Panic/Now Please [Best of] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Roland Kirk was perhaps foremost a tenor sax player, but one should add to that flute, stritch and manzello, and one should also add that often he would play them all at once!
		Kirk mixes bop, funk, R&B, avant-garde and genres yet to be named into a soup of sound which avoids being the unruly mess one might expect and instead is truly enthralling.
		Kirk's 'gimmick' of playing several reeds at once was no crutch when the slightly off-kilter sound it produced always matched the music perfectly.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/B000004747 (1122 words)

	Directory - Arts: Music: Styles: Jazz: Bands and Artists: K: Kirk, Rahsaan Roland
		Charismatic performer and multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk was born in Columbus, Ohio on Aug. 8, 1936.
		Blinded shortly after he was born, Kirk went on to learn to play more than 40 instruments, including the tenor saxophone, manzello, stritch, flute, nose flute and clarinet.
		Kirk suffered a stroke in 1975 yet continued to perform and tour despite being limited to playing with one hand.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=518007 (178 words)

	Rahsaan Roland Kirk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Rahsaan Roland Kirk (1935 - 1977) was a blind jazz saxophonist perhaps best known for his ability play more than one saxophone at once.
		His playing was generally rooted in soul jazz or hard bop but Kirk's encyclopedic knowledge of jazz allowed him to draw convincingly on any of the music's history from ragtime to Swing and free jazz.
		I have recently discovered Roland Kirk's wonderful music and wanted to know more about his life, musical influences, and achievements.
	www.freeglossary.com /Roland_Kirk (336 words)

	(Hard-Bop, Post-Bop)Roland Kirk - The Inflated Tear - Musician Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Roland Kirk (later to be known as Rahsaan Roland Kirk) is one of the most interesting characters in the jazz world.
		It’s also pretty amazing that after a stroke in 1975 that left half of his body paralyzed, Kirk was able to continue to play the saxophone one-handed, since the technique he had employed all of his career called for it.
		Roland was a unique character, but one with an incredible gift for melody and expression.
	www.musicianforums.com /forums/showthread.php?t=246503 (1785 words)

	Encyclopedia: Rahsaan Roland Kirk
		Quincy Jones Quincy Delight Jones II (born March 14, 1933 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American record, television and film producer, musician, arranger and songwriter.
		Soul jazz was a development of hard bop which incorporated strong blues and gospel influences in music for small groups featuring keyboards, especially the Hammond organ.
		(This technique was adopted later by Jeremy Steig and Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull - compare the Kirk tune Serenade to a Cuckoo on their first album.) Circular breathing is a special technique utilized primarily by players of the didgeridoo (and some other wind instruments) in order to continuously blow air out of the mouth.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Rahsaan-Roland-Kirk (3338 words)

	What's News? \| Jazz Biography of Roland Kirk \| Jazz With Bob Parlocha
		Rahsaan Roland Kirk was a blind musician who played all manner of saxophone -- including modified horns such as the stritch (a straightened alto) and manzello (a near-soprano) -- as well as the flute and the clarinet.
		Before his death in 1977, Kirk suffered a stroke and was forced to play the saxophone with one hand.
		It's hard to fathom today, but Roland Kirk was one of America's more overlooked saxophonists and was considered a gimmick for much of his early career.
	www.jazzwithbobparlocha.com /what/jazzbios/jazzbio_roland_kirk.html (303 words)

	CATALOG: ROLAND KIRK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Roland Kirk, the amazing one-man saxophone section and sublime soloist, had yet to add "Rahsaan" to his name when he recorded his first album for Prestige in 1961.
		Gradually, it began to dawn on one and all that the man's almost superhuman energy and dedication were matched by musicianship based as firmly in tradition as in innovation.
		Eventually, it became possible to accept as parts of Kirk's kaleidoscopic expression those odd instruments the manzello and the strich, not to mention the nose flute and kirkbam that he added later.
	www.fantasyjazz.com /catalog/kirk_r_cat.html (180 words)

	Amazon.com: Rahsaan Roland Kirk: The One Man Twins - Live at the Montreux Jazz Festival 1972 (1972) : Video (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Kirk's on-stage behavior will always serve as a source of debate and material for his critics.
		Kirk is often criticized for what is considered gimmicky antics with several horns at once (which he quite masterfully keeps in tune and in sync with his sidemen) but his abilities on say the Tenor sax are enough to warrant him a great reputation as a legend of jazz.
		Kirk, on stage,and lind, may very well be lucid dreaming and fearlessly displays his message to the world.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/630418722X?v=glance (1070 words)

	Amazon.com: Bright Moments: The Life and Legacy of Rahsaan Roland Kirk: Books: John Kruth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		He portrays Kirk as an original steeped in tradition, open to all types of sound but critical of rock'n'roll, a jolly prankster who humiliated his audiences, and a serious jazz player who destroyed chairs as part of his stage act.
		Kirk recognized and resented the disparate treatment between the creators of the music and the popular imitators who benefited from the art form.
		Rahsaan Roland Kirk fans, however, will be grateful to John Kruth for his hard work and dedication in gathering insightful glimpses into the life of this enigmatic genius through the narratives of those who knew him best.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1566491053?v=glance (1859 words)

	RollingStone.com: Volunteered Slavery : Rahsaan Roland Kirk : Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Because Roland Kirk is blind, and because he often plays two or three saxophones at once (tenor, plus two more or less home-made numbers, the stritch and the manzello), and because he plays with such fantastic energy and emotion, there is sometimes a tendency to regard him as some sort of wiggy freak.
		Presently Kirk is singing—the whole band is singing this repeated riff—and Kirk is shouting: "Women, women—" he exclaims "—if you want to be free, you got to spend all day in bed with me!" That's what volunteered slavery means.
		Probably the most remarkable cut is "One Ton," despite Kirk's apology to the 1968 Newport Jazz Festival audience, before whom it was performed live.
	rollingstone.com /reviews/album/_/id/148618/rahsaanrolandkirk?... (372 words)

	Roland Kirk
		Kirk put on a benefit concert, selling out the magnificent art deco Paramount Theater in Oakland, to raise a bundle of cash so his friend Todd Barkan could buy a liquor license for the Keystone.
		Kirk began by buzzing and sputtering into his flute, then moved over to the nose flute growling like a crazed bumblebee.
		Kirk had no fear of making his feelings known and his pranks often took on a malicious tone.
	www.furious.com /perfect/rolandkirk2.html (2907 words)

	Roland Kirk - We Free Kings - Verve Records
		As he plays two-and-three horns at once, without the aid of electronic stunt work, Kirk is skillfully mastering integrated arrangements with genuine musical capabilities.
		Kirk not only plays the blues he sings them as well.
		The blues are delivered slow and easy on “You Did It, You Did It”, where Kirk cries out earnestly while emphasizing his sorrow on his flute.
	www.vervemusicgroup.com /product.aspx?ob=disc&src=art&pid=9895 (238 words)

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