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Topic: Rolling friction

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	rolling friction
		Friction is the resistance to the sliding, rolling, or flowing motion of an object due to its contact with another object.
		Rolling friction is caused primarily by the interference of small indentations formed as one surface rolls over another.
		This resultant frictional force is still rearward acting (tending to contribute to the angular velocity), but the new distribution of the normal forces creates a net torque negating the rotational contribution of the friction and causing an overall deceleration of the wheel’s forward velocity.
	webphysics.davidson.edu /faculty/dmb/PY430/Friction/rolling.html (644 words)

	Friction - MSN Encarta
		Friction, force that opposes the motion of an object when the object is in contact with another object or surface.
		Friction depends on this force because increasing the amount of force increases the amount of contact that the object has with the surface at the microscopic level.
		In this equation, F is the force of friction, µ is the coefficient of friction between the object and the surface, and N is the normal force.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569794/Friction.html (1561 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Friction
		Fluid friction is the friction between a solid object as it moves through a liquid or a gas.
		In this equation, F is the force of friction, µ is the coefficient of friction between the object and the surface, and N is the normal force.
		Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/friction (2864 words)

	Rolling Friction
		The forward edge of the rolling sphere depressing a "wave" of honey in front of it as it rolls and the trailing edge of the rolling sphere having to break the adhesive bonding that occurs from the contact of the sphere and the tacky bed material.
		It is also not static friction since the wheel is moving, though the point of contact is not; if there were no rolling friction, the wheel would continue forever on a perfectly level surface.
		Rolling friction is due mainly to the deformation of the wheel.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy00/phy00698.htm (996 words)

	Friction - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Rolling friction hinders the motion of an object rolling along a surface.
		Rolling friction slows down a ball rolling on a basketball court or softball field, and it slows down the motion of a tire rolling along the ground.
		It results from the friction that occurs between the fluid’s molecules, and it differs depending on the type of fluid.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761569794___4/Friction.html (581 words)

	Friction
		The major cause of friction between metals appears to be the forces of attraction, known as adhesion, between the contact regions of the surfaces, which are always microscopically irregular.
		The value of the coefficient of friction for a case of one or more bricks sliding on a clean wooden table is about 0.5, which implies that a force equal to half the weight of the bricks is required just to overcome friction in keeping the bricks moving along at a constant speed.
		The main source of friction in rolling appears to be dissipation of energy involved in deformation of the objects.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/friction.html (551 words)

	friction. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Friction does not depend on the amount of surface area in contact between the moving bodies or (within certain limits) on the relative speed of the bodies.
		The coefficient of friction is the quotient obtained by dividing the value of the force necessary to move one body over another at a constant speed by the weight of the body.
		Thus the coefficient of static friction (describing the former case) for a pair of substances is greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction (describing the latter case) for the substances.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/friction.html (561 words)

	Friction - Engineering - a Wikia wiki
		Friction is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact.
		The classical approximation of the force of friction known as Coulomb friction (named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb) [[1]] is expressed as Ff = μN, where μ is the coefficient of friction, N is the force normal to the contact surface, and Ff is the force exerted by friction.
		Fluid friction is the friction between a solid object as it moves through a liquid or a gas.
	engineering.wikia.com /wiki/Friction (1471 words)

	Everlube Products - Coating Basics - Friction
		The amount of friction depends on the nature of the contact surfaces and on the magnitude of the force pressing the two bodies together, but not on the surface area of the contact surface.
		Sliding friction, flat objects moving against each other, is greater than rolling friction, a rolling object moving against a surface.
		The coefficient of friction is the value of the force necessary to move one body over another horizontal body at a constant speed, divided by the weight of the body.
	www.everlubeproducts.com /engineering/2.0.3.htm (529 words)

	Friction
		This perpendicular force is known as the normal force and the ratio of the frictional force to the normal force is known as the coefficient of friction.
		Friction is used to slow and stop many amusement rides including rollercoasters and the free fall.
		Static friction prevents the motion of one object to the other until the applied force is greater than the static friction between them.
	library.thinkquest.org /2745/data/friction.htm (369 words)

	Friction Summary
		Frictional forces are believed to arise from the adhesive forces between the molecules in two surfaces that are pushed together by pressure.
		The reduction of friction that arises with motion is the result of fewer areas of contact once a body is in motion; the molecules are not in contact long enough to form firm bonds.
		Rolling friction for an object mounted on wheels or rollers is far less than kinetic friction.
	www.bookrags.com /Friction (2228 words)

	Class Definition for Class 476 - FRICTION GEAR TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS OR COMPONENTS
		This is the class for friction gear power transmission and elements thereof, such transmission being defined as an assembly of parts wherein rotary motion is transmitted from an input body to an output body by surface friction of rolling contact between parts associated with said input and output bodies.
		Subject matter wherein said rolling frictional contact is between a first part having a first rotational axis and a second part having a second rotational axis; said second axis being at an angle of ninety degrees relative to said first axis.
		Subject matter wherein one of said parts in frictional rolling contact is mounted on a prime mover shaft; and wherein said prime mover is adjustably mounted on a support therefor to change the position of said one of said parts.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc476/defs476.htm (2864 words)

	Road Resistance
		In the case of moving an object of the floor, you can express the frictional force as μmg where μ is the friction coefficient, m is the mass of the object and g is gravity.
		According to the experiments conducted by the physicists, limiting friction is directly proportional to the weight of the object (actually the force acting perpendicular to the contacting surfaces, when we are on the ground, this is the same as the object weight).
		Kinetic Friction is the amount of force acting against a moving object that is sliding (as oppose to rolling) against a surface.
	www.welltall.com /ymc/discovery/car/road_resist.html (1313 words)

	Three wheels are better \| Pinewood Freak … Winning tips, tricks, and tools for Pinewood Derby
		Rolling friction is generally negligable in any system (think ball bearings), so it’s probably not much of a factor.
		Friction is independent of surface area, so stock wheels will have no more rolling friction than razor-thin outlaw wheels.
		In addition I think there is a difference in the determination of “sliding” friction as opposed to “rolling” friction in reguards to surface area (although I have not researched this subject).
	pinewoodfreak.com /2006/01/22/three-wheels-are-better (1874 words)

	Coefficients Of Friction
		The coefficient of sliding friction is expressed using the same formula as the static coefficient and is generally lower than the static coefficient of friction..
		The coefficient of friction is required in calculating tightening torques and resulting bolt tensile forces and stress and in calculating the resulting friction between the connected surfaces.
		The coefficient of friction used for designing these types of connections is dependent on the interface pressure, materials, surface condition, surface coatings etc. The coefficient of friction is also dependent on the method of installation.
	www.roymech.co.uk /Useful_Tables/Tribology/co_of_frict.htm (1598 words)

	theory
		Sliding friction is a force acts along the surface between two body whenever one slides over the other, and in a direction so as to oppose relative motion of the surfaces.
		However, in pure rolling motion, limiting friction stop the wheel from the sliding and slipping motion; for example when a car spins its tires, slipping is taking place, thus the frictional force works to stop the spinning out and causes the tires to catch and begin pure rolling motion.
		Rolling friction is the resistance that occurs when an object rolls.
	pj.jsse.org.hk /ph4035/theory.htm (1376 words)

	Automatic dust-removing eraser of a rolling-friction type for blackboard - Patent 4596059
		A plurality of cylindrical master rolling members, together with a plurality of columnar slave rolling members, are disposed justaposed to the parallel plates over the open section of the casing in a parallel interrelated coupling to effect automatic dust-removing action through the interrelated rotation of both rolling members during the erasing operation.
		The outer surface of the cylindrical master rolling members 3 is a woolen material suitable for erasing while the outer surface of the columnar slave rolling members 4 is of a sponge material for brushing purposes.
		Thus, as the rotating rolling members 4 are checked at a certain position by the movable check pieces 232 and the other rolling members 4 remain motionless when erasing occurs in one direction, the chalk dust on the surface of the master rolling members 3 is completely removed therefrom through double brushing actions.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4596059.html (1433 words)

	Rolling friction - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		Rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction, is the resistance that occurs when an object (e.g a wheel or tire) rolls.
		Rolling friction can be compared to sliding friction, as when the brakes "lock up", they slide upon the driving surface and do not sufficiently slow the car.
		Rolling resistance is generally measured in Crr, and ranges from 0.0028 for a bicycle with Michelin Ecorun bicycle tires[1] up to around.05 for earth-moving equipment[2].
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php?title=Rolling_friction&redirect=no (582 words)

	physics - Rolling friction
		Rolling friction is the friction that occurs when an object (e.g a wheel or tire) rolls.
		It is worth noting that for all vehicles that travel upon wheels (such as cars and bicycles), rolling friction is what causes the vehicle to slow when the brakes are applied.
		Rolling friction can be compared to sliding friction, as when the brakes "lock up", they slide upon the driving surface and do not sufficiently slow the car.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Rolling_friction (271 words)

	Rolling Friction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		is the coefficient of friction, m is mass in kilograms, and g is the force of gravity.
		This is because the major factor in rolling friction is the deformation of the wheel and the surface over which it is rolling.
		Rolling friction is independent of the area in contact with other surfaces by deformation, but the part of rolling friction that is entirely dependent on the area of surface in contact with another surface is the adhesive forces.
	www.mishawaka.k12.in.us /mhs_files/Departments/technology/MHSengineering/engineering/rollingFriction.htm (602 words)

	Friction
		Friction is caused by these irregularities getting caught on each other as two surfaces rub together.
		Friction is a force that always acts in the opposite direction of the object’s motion.
		We use rolling friction to reduce the force needed to overcome sliding friction.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0215468/friction.htm (722 words)

	Friction
		Friction is a force (measured in Newtons) acting along the surfaces of two objects in physical contact that impedes the relative motion of these objects (the motion of one with respect to the other).
		Sliding friction: (sometimes called "kinetic" friction): this frictional force opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces rubbing together.
		Physically, friction arises from surface roughness and attractive forces between the surfaces of two objects in contact.
	www2.ignatius.edu /faculty/decarlo/friction.htm (606 words)

	Rolling Friction - Succeed in Physical Science: School for Champions
		Rolling friction is the resistive force that slows down the motion of a rolling ball or wheel.
		Rolling friction is not as straightforward as sliding friction.
		Rolling friction is the force that slows down the motion of a rolling wheel.
	www.school-for-champions.com /science/frictionrolling.htm (1433 words)

	Resistive Force of Friction - Succeed in Physical Science: School for Champions
		The requirement for friction is that the object must be in contact with another object or material and an external force must be applied on the object in an attempt to move it.
		The causes of sliding friction are surface roughness of the materials, molecular attraction or adhesion between the materials, and deformation resistance in the case of soft materials.
		Friction is a force that resist the motion of the object that is in contact with another object or material.
	www.school-for-champions.com /science/friction.htm (1390 words)

	Takeoff weight computer apparatus for aircraft - Patent 4490802
		A major variable that must be considered is the coefficient of rolling friction of the landing gear of the particular aircraft involved and other factors inducing ground roll drag.
		Also, by calculating the average rolling friction factor, the pilot may be made aware of unusual takeoff conditions such as dragging brakes and the like for which maintenance action may be required.
		In that patent, the rolling friction factor was assumed to be a known and constant value for a particular aircraft model.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4490802.html (2768 words)

	IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations - IAAF.org - News
		Initially when a car is starting, the friction between the tires and the road is static/sliding friction, which is relatively large compared to rolling friction.
		Without the frictional force between the road and tires, it is impossible for the automobile to move forward.
		Once the tires start to roll, the rolling friction, which is much less in magnitude than static or sliding friction takes over.
	www.iaaf.org /news/newsId=21560,printer.html (814 words)

	PhysicsLAB: Properties of Friction
		Friction is a force and is measured in newtons.
		This dimensionless ratio of the force required to overcome friction to the net force normal does not have a unit of measurement. The magnitude of the coefficient of friction is usually less than 1, although some combinations can be greater than one.
		However, according to Newton's Third Law, the amount of static friction required to maintain static equilibrium, when an object is resisting a push or pull, depends directly on the amount of external force applied to it. For example, consider the 10 kg box initially just resting on a table.
	online.cctt.org /physicslab/content/Phy1/lessonnotes/friction/frictionproperties.asp (651 words)

	TRIBO-FATIGUE. Books. Fundamentals of Tribo-Fatigue. Chapter Four. Mechano-Rolling Fatigue
		Any rise of contact pressure during pure rolling friction intensifies plastic deformation, hence it leads to deformation fragmentation of grains, initially to the appearance of discrete pores and cracks which later form chains.
		As a rule, the diagrams of the limiting states of components of structures and friction pairs are plotted using a single criterion of damage (fracture), for example, the appearance of main crack of a definite length (for a structural component) or the appearance of the critical concentration of pits of spalling (for a friction pair).
		The anisotropy of the mechanophysical properties of the material in local zones of the rolling path can be assumed to be responsible for the deformation anisotropy in these zones leading to the formation of discrete pits of spalling as sources of the nonsteady state.
	www.tribo-fatigue.com /Chap4_Mech_rol_fatigue.htm (2743 words)

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