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Topic: Roman

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Roman mythology

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Roman numerals

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	Roman Numerals
		The Romans were active in trade and commerce, and from the time of learning to write they needed a way to indicate numbers.
		The big differences between Roman and Arabic numerals (the ones we use today) are that Romans didn't have a symbol for zero, and that numeral placement within a number can sometimes indicate subtraction rather than addition.
		So the Romans moved on to the symbol for 5 - V. Placing I in front of the V — or placing any smaller number in front of any larger number — indicates subtraction.
	www.novaroma.org /via_romana/numbers.html (507 words)

	Roman Mythology
		ROMAN MYTHOLOGY, various beliefs, rituals, and other observances concerning the supernatural held or practiced by the ancient Romans from the legendary period until Christianity finally completely supplanted the native religions of the Roman Empire at the start of the Middle Ages.
		The indigetes were the original gods of the Roman state, and their names and nature are indicated by the titles of the earliest priests and by the fixed festivals of the calendar; 30 such gods were honored with special festivals.
		Early Roman cult was not so much a polytheism as a polydemonism the worshipers' concepts of the invoked beings consisted of little more than their names and functions, and the being's numen, or power, manifested itself in highly specialized ways.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/8991/roman.html (4901 words)

	Ancient Rome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Roman law as preserved in Justinian's codes became the basis of legal principles and practices in the Byzantine Empire, and in continental Western Europe, and continued, in a broader sense, to be applied throughout most of Europe until the end of the 18th century.
		Roman religion in the empire tended more and more to center on the imperial house, and several emperors were deified after their deaths.
		The Roman legion was one of the strongest aspects of the Roman army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancient_Rome (5407 words)

	Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Roman Empire can also be used as translation of the expression, Imperium Romanum, probably the best-known Latin expression where the word imperium is used in the meaning of a territory; the "Roman Empire" denotes that part of the world under Roman rule.
		Roman titles of power were adopted by most of the successor states and later entities with imperial pretensions, including the Frankish kingdom, the Holy Roman Empire, the Bulgarian Empires, the Russian/Kiev dynasties, and the German Empire.
		The Western Roman Empire was divided among the eldest son Constantine II and the youngest son Constans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_Empire (9863 words)

	The Roman Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		All in all the Roman army consisted of 18 centuries of equites, 82 centuries of the first class (of which 2 centuries were engineers), 20 centuries each of the second, third and fourth classes and 32 centuries of the fifth class (of which 2 centuries were trumpeters).
		If the Roman army had throughout most of the third and fourth century been undergoing a transition, gradually increasing the number of cavalry, then the end of this period of gradual change was brought about by a dreadful disaster.
		Roman society was governed by class and so in effect there was three separate army careers possible, that of the common soldier in the ranks, that of the equestrians and that for those destined for command, the senatorial class.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/army.html (13507 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Roman Rite
		Roman Rite was adopted throughout the West because the local bishops, sometimes kings or emperors, felt that they could not do better than use the rite of the chief bishop of all, at Rome.
		Roman Rite has been used, practically exclusively, in the West since about the tenth or eleventh century, but that before that there were other rites in the pope's patriarchate.
		Roman in the local sense, obviously composed for use in Rome.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13155a.htm (752 words)

	The Official Roman Baths Museum Web Site in the City of Bath
		From the roman britain, bath pump room earliest Roman use of Bath's natural hot the roman baths and pump room, city of bath waters to the fashionable 18th century elegance of venue hire bath, sacred spring uk the Georgian Pump Room.
		The very roman baths museum, world heritage city powerful central image of the Gorgon’s head glowered the roman baths and pump room, city of bath down from a height of 15 metres venue hire bath, sacred spring uk on all who approached the temple.
		Above all this, in the the roman baths and pump room, city of bath apex of the pediment, is a star.
	www.romanbaths.co.uk (655 words)

	ROMAN-BRITAIN.ORG MAIN MENU
		Britannia was first brought to the attention of the Roman people by the campaigns of Julius Caesar in 55 and 54 BC, but was not proven to be an island until the early eighties A.D., when the governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola sent an exploratory naval expedition around the north coast of Scotland.
		This Roman map was cut into several pieces sometime during the Middle-Ages, a surviving portion of which shows a few towns in south-east England.
		The campaigns conducted in Britain by the militaristic governors of the first century, carried in their wake the luxuries of Roman civilization, and were to have a profound effect on the future development of the British Isles.
	www.roman-britain.org /main.htm (691 words)

	Roman - Home
		Roman's extensive collection of shower enclosures cater for all types of space, helping you to create your perfect bathroom, without limitations.
		Which is why Roman has created the most comprehensive and flexible range of showering options available today.
		The essence of the Roman approach is that wherever you want a shower installed, we make it possible, and whatever you want your shower to achieve, we make it happen.
	www.roman-showers.com (162 words)

	Roman Clothing, Part I
		In typical Roman fashion, the more distinguished the wearer, the more his dress was distinctively marked, while the dress of the lowest classes was often not marked at all.
		Men of the equestrian class were entitled to wear a tunic with narrow stripes, in the color the Romans called purple, extending from shoulder to hem, while broad stripes distinguished the tunics of men of the senatorial class.
		Roman men wearing togae praetextae participating in a religious ceremony, probably the Compitalia; the dark red color of their toga borders can clearly be seen.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/clothing.html (2201 words)

	Roman Empire 1 - Crystalinks
		The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day.
		Some Romans complained that the loss of liberty was too great a price to pay for peace, but most recognized that under the so-called liberty of the Roman Republic, a few hundred men had divided the spoils of empire while the workers and the provincials suffered.
		The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant and cautious, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.
	www.crystalinks.com /romanempire.html (3007 words)

	Roman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Byzantine Empire (330 to 1453), also known as the "Eastern Roman Empire" or the "Empire of the Greeks".
		Roman or some cognate means "novel" in many European languages; in such languages, the cognates of novel mean English "novella"
		Roman alphabet (Latin alphabet), the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, and of those areas settled by Europeans
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman (268 words)

	Daily Life in Ancient Rome - Welcome to Ancient Rome!
		The father instructed his sons in Roman law, history, customs, and physical training, to prepare for war.Reverence for the gods, respect for law, obedience to authority, and truthfulness were the most important lessons to be taught.
		Wealthy Romans might have a house with a front door, bedrooms, an office, a kitchen, a dining room, a garden, a temple, an atrium, a toilet, and a private bath.
		Most ancient Romans had some sort of shine in their home, which might be a small display or a grand, separate room, to honor the household god.
	members.aol.com /Donnclass/Romelife.html#BREAK (6110 words)

	History & info - the Early Roman calendar
		But since the Romans had, or had developed, a superstitious dread of even numbers, January was given an extra day; February was still left with an even number of days, but as that month was given over to the infernal gods, this was considered appropriate.
		The so-called Roman republican calendar was supposedly introduced by the Etruscan Tarquinius Priscus (616-579 B.C.E.), according to tradition the fifth king of Rome.
		Romans always reconciled differences between calendar and solar year lengths during the "Month of Purification." Whenever and however Roman calendars were modified to correspond to year length, it was always done after the 23rd day of February, traditionally the last day of the year.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-roman.html (3765 words)

	Roman
		Roman formality in the Republican periods reflected many of the Greek costume.
		There was the difference of the construction of the garments for the Greek chiton formed its sleeves from the top of the doubled rectangles, where the tunica and stola opened their sleeves at the sides for armholes.
		There were many different types of togas for different occasions, from the Toga pura, the ordinary dress of citizens, to the Toga trabea, a parti-colored toga with a purple border which would be a king's toga or a augur's toga.
	www.cwu.edu /~robinsos/ppages/resources/Costume_History/roman.htm (896 words)

	The Romans in Turkey
		Ephesus (above) in Turkey's Aegean region was the capital of the Roman province of Asia.
		In 129 BC the Roman republic claimed Anatolia as its own, establishing the province of Asia (or Asia Minor), with its capital at Ephesus.
		Roman rule brought increased commerce and prosperity to Anatolia, and provided fertile ground for the spread of a new religion.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /TravelDetails/History/Romans.html (308 words)

	BBC - History - Romans
		A sacrificial Roman blade holds the key to an ancient and bloody conspiracy.
		Enter the fascinating world of Roman beliefs, from emperor worship to the exotic imported cults of the East.
		The frescoes, mosaics and buildings of Pompeii are an unparalleled record of the art and architecture of the time.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/ancient/romans (470 words)

	Behind the Name: Ancient Roman Names
		Roman praenomen, or given name, which was probably derived from the name of the Roman god MARS...
		Roman family name which was derived either from MARS, the name of the Roman god of War, or else from the Latin root mas, maris meaning "male"...
		Roman cognomen, which is of unknown meaning, which was borne most infamously by a deranged Roman emperor of the 1st century.
	www.behindthename.com /nmc/rom-anci.php (1108 words)

	Roman Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As far as Roman Architecture goes, it is difficult to compare it with that of other nations, because the Romans applied architecture to so many and such varied purposes, and so constructed monuments involving both architectural and engineering skill, as to make it doubtful to what class they belonged.
		The Romans were the first people to treat architecture as a minister to the numberless needs of a great nation.
		In Rome, ancient history ends and modern history begins; and all her story, both the old and the new, possesses a fascination thus far unequalled in history; and that this fascination should ever be equaled by another nation seems now beyond imagining.
	www.2020site.org /rome (270 words)

	Roman Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The occasion for the gathering was to celebrate the 1,900th anniversary of the Emperor Trajan's elevation, in 106 AD, of the ancient Roman settlement of Aquincum to the rank of capital of the colony of Pannonia.
		The Ara Pacis was commissioned by the Roman Senate in 13 B.C. and inaugurated in 9 B.C. to honor Augustus for "pacifying" Gaul and Spain.
		The Roman Limes are Europe's largest archaeological monument, consisting of sections of the border line of the Roman Empire at its greatest extent in the 2nd century AD.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/romanarch.html (12010 words)

	Roman.com
		Exquisite designs combine the simplicity of ivory-colored sculptures on glass with heart tugging sentiments that say just the right thing for any occasion.
		Roman, Inc. brings you quality giftware and home accessories from these fine brands.
		Copyright ©1999-2007 Roman, Inc. Bloomingdale, IL 60108 Unauthorized alteration and duplication are prohibited.
	www.roman.com (93 words)

	Roman
		100-44 B.C. Roman general, statesman, and historian who invaded Britain (55), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life (45).
		Roman emperor from Sept. 18, 96, to January 98, the first of a succession of rulers traditionally known as the Five Good Emperors.
		Trajan (53?-117), Roman emperor (98-117), conqueror of Dacia and Mesopotamia.
	mysite.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/romanpic.htm (4063 words)

	Roman Painting \| Thematic Essay \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although ancient literary references inform us of Roman paintings on wood, ivory, and other materials, works that have survived are in the durable medium of fresco that was used to adorn the interiors of private homes in Roman cities and in the countryside.
		It is also reasonable to suppose that Roman panel paintings, which included both original creations and adaptations of renowned Hellenistic works, were the prototypes for the myths depicted in fresco.
		The majority of Roman frescoes were found in Campania, in the region around the Bay of Naples.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/ropt/hd_ropt.htm (1148 words)

	Roman Numbers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Fifty is half of a hundred, so the Romans took the symbol for hundred, C, and cut it in half.
		Five hundred is half of a thousand, so the Romans took the symbol for thousand, M, and cut it in half the other way.
		The Romans agreed on symbols for 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000, but there were different symbols for 5000 and also for the bigger numbers.
	www.gwydir.demon.co.uk /jo/roman/number.htm (798 words)

	Roman Rule
		A last attempt to restore the former glory of the Hasmonean dynasty was made by Mattathias Antigonus, whose defeat and death brought Hasmonean rule to an end (40 BCE), and the Land became a province of the Roman Empire.
		In 37 BCE, Herod, a son-in-law of Hyrcanus II, was appointed King of Judea by the Romans.
		Superior Roman forces led by Titus were finally victorious, razing Jerusalem to the ground (70 CE) and defeating the last Jewish outpost at Masada (73 CE).
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/Romans.html (475 words)

	Roman Concrete Research by David Moore
		The Roman Pantheon is the largest (43.4m dia.) unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world.
		This site is dedicated to understanding the beauty and longevity of construction by the Romans, especially their use of pozzolan based concrete, also known as Roman concrete.
		Describes the reasons why Roman concrete caught the interest of the author and its special characteristics that are still being studied today.
	www.romanconcrete.com (361 words)

	ArtLex on Roman art
		The emperor is represented here as Jupiter, the supreme God of the Roman pantheon, and this statue is a typical example of Roman sculpture from the time of the Empire.
		The composition was adapted from the celebrated sculpture of Zeus by Phidias, which allowed the placing of the appropriate attributes in Augustus's hands: a Nike and a sceptre.
		The design of this structure was made possibly because of the Romans' invention of concrete, used primarily for the foundations.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/r/roman.html (1046 words)

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