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	Roman Army - LoveToKnow 1911
		This became (3) the Imperial 'army of defence, which developed from a strictly citizen army into one which represented the provinces as well as Italy, and was a garrison rather than a field army.
		The Roman army had been one of foot soldiers; in its latest phase it was marked by that predominance of the horseman which characterized the earlier centuries of the middle ages.
		The early Roman Empire had not to face - as Britain or France or Germany might have to face to-day - the danger of a war with an equal enemy, needing the mobilization of all its national forces.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Roman_Army (4301 words)

	The Roman Army
		All in all the Roman army consisted of 18 centuries of equites, 82 centuries of the first class (of which 2 centuries were engineers), 20 centuries each of the second, third and fourth classes and 32 centuries of the fifth class (of which 2 centuries were trumpeters).
		If the Roman army had throughout most of the third and fourth century been undergoing a transition, gradually increasing the number of cavalry, then the end of this period of gradual change was brought about by a dreadful disaster.
		Roman society was governed by class and so in effect there was three separate army careers possible, that of the common soldier in the ranks, that of the equestrians and that for those destined for command, the senatorial class.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/army.html (13507 words)

	The Late Republican Roman Army
		The Roman army of the late republic is often connected to the socalled Marian army reforms.
		Roman generals interested in gaining the loyalty of the troops were therefore keen on securing special discharge benefits for their men.
		The status and remuneration of the centuriones in the Roman army was significantly raised in the late republican period.
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/reparmy2.html (1654 words)

	The Roman Army Page
		The army of the empire - the principate.
		With the spread of Roman citizenship among the population of the conquered territories the auxilia were increasingly recruiting citizens into the ranks, blurring the original division between peregrine auxiliaries and citizen legionaries.
		Bibliography of the Roman army as an institution
	members.tripod.com /~S_van_Dorst/legio.html (4085 words)

	[No title]
		For over a thousand years the Roman army was continually at war and this continual state of aggression resulted in the Roman army becoming arguably the most efficient in the world.
		The soldiers of the Roman army were used mainly to keep the empire safe from invasion and to quell uprisings from within the provinces.
		In peace or War the Roman army played an important role in society and many of the poorer people chose a career in the army because it gave them a good standard of living and the chance to learn a new trade such as building.
	www.camelotintl.com /romans/army.html (1353 words)

	Rome, The Roman Army
		The earliest Roman army formation was the phalanx, the formation used by the Greeks, Macedonians, and Carthaginians.
		For the Romans the phalanx proved to be too unwieldy a unit to fight on hilly and broken ground and they soon began to change the nature of their battle formations.
		Once in power, he revised the army system by cutting the number of legions from 60 to 28, requiring 20 years of service from the soldiers, and setting up a military treasury to pay the armies in the field and in retirement.
	history-world.org /roman_army.htm (2575 words)

	::The Roman Army and warfare::
		The Roman Army was considered the most advanced of its time.
		The Roman Army created the Roman Empire - a huge part of Western Europe — and Rome itself greatly benefited from the riches that the army brought back from its conquered territories.
		The Roman Army could ill afford to lose experienced legionnaires whereas if a new legionnaire came through a battle alive, he would be blooded and experienced and a valuable addition to the army.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /roman_army_and_warfare.htm (734 words)

	Roman Army Part II
		Roman Army Part II The Roman Army, Part II During much of this period an ordinary legionary soldier (miles legionarius) wore fairly standard armor, which was well adapted to the legionary style of fighting.
		His sword (gladius) was designed for the stabbing and thrusting (rather than slashing) style of hand-to-hand combat favored by the legions; it was short (approximately 20-22 inches long), with a two-edged blade that tapered to a sharp point and was carried in a scabbard suspended from a shoulder belt.
		As their name suggests, they were intended to supplement the legionary infantry that was the backbone of the Roman army by employing different methods of fighting, including light-armed infantry, slingers, archers, and especially cavalry.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/romanarmy2.html (1545 words)

	Roman Army Tactics
		In the case of two Roman armies fighting each other in a civil war, one might say that the 'saw' inevitably was the response to a 'wedge' by the other side.
		Even in the highly trained Roman Army it would have been difficult to change tactics during the course of the battle and the only units which can be successfully deployed are those in the reserves or that part of the line not yet engaged.
		Meanwhile the main Byzantine army was to be gathered from all around Asia Minor (Turkey) and to meet the invasion force on the battlefield.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/tactics.html (2898 words)

	Life in the Roman Empire
		Romans enjoyed over 1101 years of dominance (from 625 BC to 476 AD), and are accredited with being the first ancient culture to "conquer the known world".
		Unlike most of the armies the Romans fought against, the Roman legions were well fed, rested and professionally trained in the arts of one-on-one combat and drilled on Roman warfare techniques.
		No longer well trained as Roman soldiers, and many having never been in battle before, the Roman army became a mass of undisciplined, disgruntled men forced into battle for a country they were not a part of (and likely hated).
	www.realarmorofgod.com /roman-era.html (1880 words)

	ORB Online Encyclopedia--Late Roman Army
		The birth of the Late Roman Army is usually taken to be the reforms of Diocletian (284-305) and Constantine (305-337).
		Cavalry deployed on the wings in support of the infantry (and it was the failure of the Roman left flank cavalry to cover the infantry at Adrianople in 378 that led to the loss of the battle).
		To take a Roman army away from an area containing recently settled barbarians was to invite disaster, especially in a civil war, where one's opponent would encourage them to revolt.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/muhlberger/orb/lra.htm (684 words)

	The Roman army
		Before the reign of Augustus, the Roman Empire was a hegemonic empire, which means an empire with zones of decreasing influence around the center of Rome and Italy.
		A lad who wanted to serve in the Roman army as a legionarius, became a tiro, soldier in training, when he was about 17-18 years old.
		A Roman soldier was always dressed the same: the tunica served as underwear and over the tunica he had an hauberk.
	library.thinkquest.org /22866/English/Leger.html (1373 words)

	The Roman Army
		In the Roman army, the commanding officer of a legion was called the Legate.
		Roman cavalry of the early and middle Empire was organized in alae, units of 500 to 1,000 men divided into squadrons, or turmae, of 30 or 40 horsemen under the command of decurions.
		In terms of military impact, the significance of the saddle with stirrups was probably greater that the invention of tank.
	www.murphsplace.com /gladiator/army.html (856 words)

	Roman Military Research Society Home Page
		The RMRS is a research and re-enactment group specialising in recreating the Roman Army and Roman life during the latter part of the first century A.D. In particular, we represent a detachment of the Fourteenth Legion, Gemina Martia Victrix, one of the most famous units of the Roman army in Britain and its associated auxiliaries.
		Although the main emphasis is on the Roman military, members are encouraged to pursue their own interests within the Society and our displays consequently cover many aspects of Roman life from religion and medicine to food, engineering and naval warfare.
		The civilian section includes information on Roman food and cooking, Roman women and lifestyle matters (regularly updated), whilst 'Fabrica' has authentically produced weapons, helmets, shields, belts, writing tablets, leatherwork and all kinds of essentials for the well-dressed Roman soldier which are available to purchase.
	www.romanarmy.net /index.html (516 words)

	Roman Army Bibliography
		Isaac, Benjamin, "Reflections on the Roman Army in the East," The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East ed.
		Isaac, Benjamin, "The Roman Army in Jerusalem and Its Vicinity," Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms III, 13.
		Maxfield, Valerie, "The Deployment of the Roman Auxilia in Upper Egypt and the Eastern Desert during the Principate," Alföldy, Géza, Brian Dobson, and Werner Eck (edd.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaiserzeit: Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2000).
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/armybibl.html (13431 words)

	Roman Army
		The Roman army was a vast organization that held together an equally vast Empire.
		The Roman army had as many as 150,000 paid soldiers organized in legions of 5,000 that were set up in strategic locations around the Empire.
		A Roman warship was fitted with a battering ram which jutted out from the prow of the ship and which were used to puncture the sides of enemy ships.
	www.digonsite.com /drdig/greece/15.html (307 words)

	Roman Army
		The Roman army was very powerful and so it helped a lot in conquering the lands and provinces.
		The army was the most efficient in the world as the soldiers were very obedient and highly motivated.
		When the roman army travelled they always had to build roads which were as straight as possible so that everyone could travel fast in case of need.
	www.main-vision.com /richard/army.html (1264 words)

	Index
		The RMRS is a research and re-enactment group specialising in recreating the Roman Army and Roman life during the latter part of the first century A.D. In particular, we represent a detachment of the Fourteenth Legion, Gemina Martia Victrix, one of the most famous units of the Roman army in Britain and its associated auxiliaries.
		Although the main emphasis is on the Roman military, members are encouraged to pursue their own interests within the Society and our displays consequently cover many aspects of Roman life from religion and medicine to food, engineering and naval warfare.
		The civilian section includes information on Roman food and cooking, Roman women and lifestyle matters (regularly updated), whilst 'Fabrica' has authentically produced weapons, helmets, shields, belts, writing tablets, leatherwork and all kinds of essentials for the well-dressed Roman soldier which are available to purchase.
	www.romanarmy.net (549 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus: The Roman Army
		NOW here one cannot but admire at the precaution of the Romans, in providing themselves of such household servants, as might not only serve at other times for the common offices of life, but might also be of advantage to them in their wars.
		This discourse of the Roman military conduct may also perhaps be of use to such of the curious as are ignorant of it, and yet have a mind to know it.
		Then came the main army in their squadrons and battalions, with six men in depth, which were followed at last by a centurion, who, according to custom, observed the rest.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/josephus-warb.html (1073 words)

	Rome
		Roman expansion continued after the fall of Carthage and eventually the Roman Empire encompassed Alexander's conquests, minus the Indus Valley, plus most of Britain, southern Europe to the borders of the Rhine and Danube Rivers, and North Africa.
		The empire was acquired and defended by the self-sufficient legions of the Roman Army.
		Roman cavalry of the second century carried a round shield and long spear.
	www.geocities.com /delerius2001/Rome.htm (2606 words)

	The Romans in Britain - fun site for 7-11 year olds
		The Roman Empire grew strong because it had a very good army to help conquer and later control all the other lands.
		The Roman Army was successful because it was better equipped and organised than any army had been before.
		This means that he joined the army for 25 years and would be paid a salary.
	www.brims.co.uk /romans/army.html (439 words)

	Roman Chester
		The idea that Chester's main role was naval is supported by the importance which the Roman army attached to seaborne operations, exemplified by the circumnavigation of northern Britain by its fleet in 84, and in particular by the positioning at Chester of the Second Legion, a unit with naval experience.
		[19] supplying the northward-moving army by sea, and perhaps preparing for the conquest of Ireland, the men of the Second Legion are unlikely to have been heavily used by Agricola in his northern campaigns.
		Despite the withdrawal of the legion's fighting strength it is unlikely that the army altogether abandoned the depot, which probably remained for a time nominally under the legion's command, many of its empty buildings being retained on a care-and-maintenance basis.
	www.cheshirepast.net /rommain1_files/romframes1_files/roman1.htm (4093 words)

	The Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The soldiers of the legion were picked men: They were all Roman citizens and received a higher pay than the auxillary troops - that is, foreigners who serve with the Roman army.
		The Romans were very careful about their camps - no Roman army halted for a single night without digging a trenches and fortifying its camp.
		At its finest period the Roman army was almost inconquerable.
	www.iol.ie /~coolmine/typ/romans/romarmy.html (479 words)

	Life in the Roman Army
		During the time of the kings, the Roman army was developed by each tribe providing 1000 infantry and 100 cavalry.
		While in the army, the solider was not allowed to marry, but many had girlfriends in settlements near their fort or base camp (in A.D. 197 this rule was lifted and soldiers were allowed to marry).
		The army served not only as the protector of the empire, but was also the organization which built much of the large road system in the empire.
	www.historylink102.com /Rome/roman-army.htm (382 words)

	Etrusia - Roman History - An Introduction to the Roman Army
		The Roman cavalry was normally used as a screen or long distance scouts and, whilst socially prestigious, were rarely significant in battles.
		As well as the Roman citizens in the legion, the army was supplemented by an similar number of allies (around 4-5000 infantry, 900 cavalry), commanded by Roman officers.
		Their main weakness was the lack of professionalism - after each campaign the army was disbanded and had to be recruited anew for the next one.
	romans.etrusia.co.uk /roman_army_intro.php (870 words)

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