Roman Asia - Factbites

Roman Asia - Factbites
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Topic: Roman Asia

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	Asia Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Roman province of Asia was the administrative unit added to the late Republic, a Senatorial province governed by a proconsul who was an ex- consul, an honor granted only to Asia and the other rich province of Africa.
		After 326 AD, when the Emperor Constantine I moved the capital to Byzantium, which he refounded, the province of Asia was more centrally situated than ever, and remained a center of Roman and Hellenistic culture in the east for centuries, and the territory remained part of the Byzantine Empire until the 15th century.
		"Asia" in the books of the Maccabees refers to Asia Minor, which Antiochus III (the Great) had to give up when the Romans, under Manius Glabrio crushed his army in 191 BCE at the historic battle site of Thermopylae.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asia_Province,_Roman_Empire

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		In the southeast of Asia Minor and on the southern spurs of the Armenian mountains the population was Syrian.
		The eastern frontier of the empire in Asia Minor was the home of these multifarious sects, which guaranteed the separate existence of the tribes which belonged to them and regarded themselves as the "faithful" in opposition to the state Church.
		The coast lands of Asia Minor are thoroughly Greek.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm

	Achaea Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The region was annexed to the Roman Republic in 146 BCE after a brutal campaign, in which the city of Corinth was razed by the Roman general Lucius Mummius Achaicus, its inhabitants slaughtered or sold into slavery, and the temples looted for sculpture for Roman villas.
		Roman punishment of all the rebellious cities was heavy, and the campaigns fought on Greek soil left the heart of central Greece in ruins.
		Roman legions under Lucius Cornelius Sulla forced Mithridates out of Greece and crushed the rebellion, sacking Athens in 86 BCE and Thebes the following year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Achaea_(province)

	Sino-Roman relations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the expansion of the Roman Empire in the middle-east during the 2nd century, the Romans gained the capability to develop shipping and trade in the Indian Ocean.
		The Greeks were to remain in Central Asia for the next three centuries, first through the administration of the Seleucid Empire, and then with the establishment of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom in Bactria.
		The first embassy of Romans to China is recorded in 166, sixty years after the expeditions to the west of the Chinese general Ban Chao.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_embassies_to_China

	Asia
		It is exceedingly difficult to determine the exact boundaries of the several countries which later constituted the Roman province, for they seem to have been somewhat vague to the ancients themselves, and were constantly shifting; it is therefore impossible to trace the exact borders of the province of Asia.
		The governor of Asia was a pro-consul, chosen by lot by the Roman senate from among the former consuls who had been out of office for at least five years, and he seldom continued in office for more than a single year.
		In all these, it may be confidently stated that the word is used for a Roman province which embraced the western part of the peninsula of Asia Minor and of which Ephesus was the capital.
	holycall.com /biblemaps/asia.htm

	Ancient Districts
		On his overthrow in 66 BC by the Roman general Pompey the Great, the kingdom was divided, the western portion being joined to the province of Bithynia in a Roman province known as Pontus and Bithynia and the eastern region being assigned to native princes.
		Following the war between the Romans and Seleucid kingdom at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BC., the Romans was victorious, and presented this region to Eumenes II the king of Pergamum, who assisted the Roman army during the battle.
		The eastern territory was constituted a Roman province in 62 AD and at first was joined to Galatia, but in the 4th century AD, under the Roman emperor Constantine I, it became a separate province with the name Pontus Polemoniacus.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /sites/ancient_districts.htm

	A short history of Turkey
		After the division of the Roman Empire in 395 the province of Asia Minor becomes part of the East Roman Empire.
		In 133 Minor Asia is conquered by the Hellenic states of Macedon.
		Minor Asia is ruled by Persia between 546 and 334 BC.
	www.electionworld.org /history/turkey.htm

	The Early Church
		The governor of a senatorial province was called a Proconsul, and the proconsulship of Asia became one of the most prized among all in the Roman Empire.
		ASIA - was the name of a Roman province in western Asia Minor which included Mysia, Lydia, Caria, and the coastal islands as well as western Phrygia.
		The Seven Churches of Revelation are also known as the Seven Churches of Asia, Christian congregations to which John addressed special messages in the Book of Revelation.
	www.angelfire.com /sc3/we_dig_montana/Churchp3.html

	Philologos The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia Chapter 10
		The Asiatics possessed money; and the ordinary Roman, whose characteristic faults were greed and cruelty, shrank from no crime in order to enrich himself quickly during his short tenure of office in the richest region of the world.
		Asia was divided into districts, apparently, and a certain number of cities had the title of metropolis; but the details regarding the representation of the districts or the metropoles in the Commune are unknown.
		Conquered by the Romans in the war against Antiochus the Great, it was given by them to their ally Eumenes, King of Pergamum, at the peace which was concluded in 189 BC; and in 133 BC it was bequeathed by his nephew and adopted son Attalus III to the great conquering people.
	philologos.org /__eb-lttsc/chap10.htm

	Western Roman Empire - One Language
		The Western Roman Empire is the name given to the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian.
		The East (Roman for less time than the West, obviously) had a history of autocratic rule, whereas the West was based on the values of republicanism.
		In 259, Emperor Valerian I was captured by Shapur I of Persia, a ruler of the Sassanid dynasty.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Western_Roman_Empire

	Philologos The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia Chapter 9
		The Province of Asia in its double aspect of civil and religious administration, the Proconsul and the Commune, is symbolised by the monster described 13:11ff.
		The Province was not a tract of land subjected to Rome: as a definite tract of the earth "Asia" originally had no existence except in the sense of the whole vast continent, which is still known under that name.
		Chapter 9: The Flavian Persecution in the Province of Asia as Depicted in the Apocalypse
	philologos.org /__eb-lttsc/chap09.htm

	Roman province - Enpsychlopedia
		The number and size of provinces changed according with internal Roman politics.
		During the Empire, the biggest or more garrisoned provinces (example Pannonia and Moesia) were subdivided into smaller provinces in order to prevent the situation whereby a sole governor held too much power in his hands, thus discouraging ambition for the Imperial throne itself.
		Provinces were generally governed by politicians of senatorial rank, usually former consuls or former praetors.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Roman_province

	Roman provinces
		Only the rich provinces Asia and Africa were entitled to a proconsul who was an ex-consul.
		The first Roman province, Sicily, was conquered after the First Punic War (241 BCE), and the Senate decided that it had to be ruled by a praetor.
		In several provinces, prefects were appointed from the equestrian order (the 'second class' of the Roman elite, after the senators) were appointed.
	www.livius.org /gi-gr/governor/provinces.html

	Articles - Military history of the Roman Empire
		"Roman Army" is the name given to the sophisticated collection of soldiers and other military forces which served the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
		The Roman elite served as the army's leaders, as legates and tribunes.
		Roman invasion of Britain and Scotland - 43 to 80
	www.sonicplayer.net /articles/Roman_Army

	Chapter The Extend Of The Empire In The Age Of The Antoninies. of History of The Decline And Fall of The Roman Empire by Gibbon
		On the opposite side, the province of Cilicia was terminated by the mountains of Syria: the inland country, separated from the Roman Asia by the River Halys, and from Armenia by the Euphrates, had once formed the independent kingdom of Cappadocia.
		The provinces of Asia, without excepting the transient conquests of Trajan, are all comprehended within the limits of the Turkish power.
		The appellation of Roumelia, which is still bestowed by the Turks on the extensive countries of Thrace, Macedonia, and Greece, preserves the memory of their ancient state under the Roman empire.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/62/109/25643/10.html

	Julius Caesar history, biography and pictures
		This war originated in the fact that the Roman allies in Italy had never received a fair share in the spoils of the Roman empire, which included in those days Andalusia, southern Castile, Catalonia, the Provence, Italy, the Dalmatian coast, Greece and Macedonia, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Crete and modern Tunisia.
		Caesar ordered ships to be built, and spent some time in Italy, where he met Pompey and Crassus in Lucca: the triumvirs decided to continue their conspiracy against the Roman Republic and agreed that Caesar's generalship in Gaul would be prolonged until 50, December 31.
		It had believed that the issue was between a rebel and the legitimate rulers, and had expected that the towns of Italy would send troops in defence of the authority of the Senate and the Roman People's liberties.
	ringfilm.prohosting.com /history/content/caesar.html

	Roman Empire
		The boundaries of the empire were now the Atlantic on the west, the Euphrates on the east, the deserts of Africa, the cataracts of the Nile and the Arabian deserts on the south, the British Channel, the Rhine, the Danube and the Black Sea on the north.
		The Roman empire was still confined to a narrow strip encircling the Mediterranean Sea.
		Such were the relations of the Jewish people to the Roman government at the time when the New Testament history begins.
	www.theseason.org /empire.htm

	Empire and Politics by Violence, to 79 BCE)
		Most Romans saw slavery as a natural part of life, as a result of their being favored by the gods, that defeat and slavery were the fate of inferior peoples.
		Roman excursions east of the Adriatic had increased their interest in that part of the world, which resulted in many Roman men adopting the Greek habit of shaving.
		Romans had begun to believe that Greeks were insincere, the Roman leader Cato describing them as speaking from their lips while Romans spoke from their hearts.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch16.htm

	Asia, Mysia
		Pergamum passed from a kingdom to the Roman province of Mysia then to the province of Asia before it was deemed a democracy under the hegemony of the Roman Empire, but its culture never failed to thrive, surviving every upheaval.
		A threat to the Roman appropriation had to be quelled when Aristonicus, claiming Eumenes II as his father, lead an uprising of the poor of the city after being rejected by the Greek allies to wrest control from Rome.
		The Romans were slow to incorporate and order the governing of this vast bequest, even though Tiberius Gracchus was quick to parcel the money from these holdings for his agrarian reforms.
	www.usd.edu /~clehmann/pir/asiamysi.htm

	Macedonia - Province of the Roman Empire
		Asia Minor fell quickly, and with a defeat of the Persian King Darius, in 333 BC the conquest of the Phoenician coasts, Palestine and Egypt were secured.
		The Romans razed the Greek city of Corinth, one of the leading cities of the revolt and put an end to Greek resistance under Roman rule.
		The Romans were suspicious of the revival of Macedonian fortunes under Philip and his successor, Perseus.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/macedonia.php

	PROVINCES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
		Macedonia148 B.C. Africa (Carthage)146 B.C. Asia (Pergamum)133 (129) B.C. Gallia Narbonensis121 B.C. Gallia Transalpina121 B.C. *CiliciaBetween 103 and 89 B.C. Gallia Cisalpina89 B.C. (Ceased being a province in 42 B.C.)
		By 127 B.C. the Province of Asia consisted of Pergamum, a portion of Pisidia, Mysia, Lydia, the coastal parts of Aeolis and Ionia, and the southwestern corner of Phyrgia.
		Provinces were very complex entities in Asia* Minor.
	history.latech.edu /meade/h433prv.htm

	Rome: Map Resources
		Reference Map of Asia Minor under the Greeks and Romans Excerpted from the Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1923
		Roman Italy Interactive map searchable by Areas, Regions, Tribes,Towns and Cities, Rivers, Lakes, Mountains, etc. Courtesy of the Illustrated History of the Roman Empire.
		Provinces of the Roman Empire: This map is not based on a specific timeframe.
	intranet.dalton.org /groups/rome/RMAPS.html

	A timeline of the Roman empire
		: the Romans retake Syria from the Sassanids
		: the Visigoths reconquer all of Spain from the Roman empire
		133 BC: Attalus III of Pergamum wills his kingdom to Roma and the whole Mediterranean Sea is under Roman control ("mare nostrum")
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/romans.html

	Asia Times Online :: Central Asian News and current affairs, Russia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan
		Another Asia Times Online article said US officials had confirmed that they would like more military bases in the country, in addition to the use of bases in Pakistan (see
		Still, it has not been lost on Iranian strategists that the base in the province of Herat is a link in a formidable chain of new facilities the US is in the process of drawing around their country.
		It is true." McCann added that Herat was one of four bases being built; the others were in the southern province of Kandahar, the southeastern city of Gardez in Paktia province, and Mazar-i-Sharif, the northern city controlling the main route to central Afghanistan.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Central_Asia/GC30Ag01.html

	Aromanian Vlachs: The Vanishing Tribes
		The Vlachs, to which race this people belong, are nomads, claiming with some degree of probability descent from the Roman colonists of the
		of the Vlachs, had to do with the increasingly sharp policies of the Greek state, who had to accommodate one and a half million of -suddenly landing- Greeks of Asia Minor.
		According to this, wrote Jenkins, `the modern Greek was at once the spiritual heir of all the splendid intellectual endowments of the classical age, and the political heir of all the vast pretensions, both religious and imperial, of
	www.vlachophiles.net

	Adherents.com
		"Baganda: Alternate Names : The King's Men; Location : Uganda; Population : About 3 million; Religion : Christianity (Protestantism and Roman Catholicism); Islam "; Pg.
		Eight million Aztecs were soon converted to Roman Catholicism.
		The Aztec empire was established in less than a century.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_52.html

	Rome: Map of the Empire
		By clicking within the borders of a certain province on the map, or by clicking on the name of the province below the map, you can link to the resources on the Web that are related to that province of the Roman Empire.
	intranet.dalton.org /groups/Rome/RMap.html

	THE NESTORIAN PAGES
		This page contains links to a paper on the Church of the East which I have written, as well as some other things I have put together related to this church in general and particulary to their history in Central Asia, as well as a list of relevant websites.
		If you know of any good websites on the Church of the East in general or Syriac Christianity in Central Asia in particular that I have missed or if any of the links below have changed or are now obsolete, please
	www.oxuscom.com /nestpage.htm

	Ancient Districts
		On his overthrow in 66 BC by the Roman general Pompey the Great, the kingdom was divided, the western portion being joined to the province of Bithynia in a Roman province known as Pontus and Bithynia and the eastern region being assigned to native princes.
		The eastern territory was constituted a Roman province in 62 AD and at first was joined to Galatia, but in the 4th century AD, under the Roman emperor Constantine I, it became a separate province with the name Pontus Polemoniacus.
		The Phrygians are believed to have been an Indo-European people who entered Asia Minor from Thrace about 1200 BC and seized control of the whole central tableland.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /sites/ancient_districts.htm (3048 words)

	Discources in economic history
		Patterns in the Economy of Roman Asia Minor
		I) Roman Asia Minor: A Case Study in the Regional Economies of the Roman Empire
		Mitchell, S. and C. Katsari (eds.), Patterns in the Economy of Roman Asia Minor, Wales: The Classical Press of Wales 2005, in print.
	www.romaneconomy.gr /pub/category.asp?catID=40 (3048 words)

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