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Topic: Roman Half Uncial

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Insular script

Carolingian minuscule

Roman cursive

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	Palaeography - LoveToKnow 1911
		In Latin, the literary capital and uncial hands give place to the smaller character; and this, after running its course and developing national characteristics in the different countries of the West, deteriorates and is superseded almost universally by the Italian hand of the Renaissance.
		An offshoot of early Greek uncial writing on vellum is seen in the Moeso-Gothic alphabet which Ulfilas constructed for the use of his countrymen in the 4th century, mainly from the Greek letters.
		Uncial letters are especially prevalent in Roman-African inscriptions of the 3rd century; but certain letters of the uncial alphabet are not as yet therein matured; minuscule forms of a few letters, particularly b and d, are employed.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Palaeography (16988 words)

	Uncial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Uncial is a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes.
		In later uncial scripts, the letters are sometimes drawn haphazardly; for example, double-l runs together at the baseline, bows (for example in b, p, r) do not entirely curve in to touch their stems, and the script is generally not written as cleanly as previously.
		French (that is, Merovingian) uncial uses thin descenders (in g, p, etc), an x with lines that cross higher than the middle, and a d with a curled stem (somewhat resembling an apple), and there are many decorations of fish, trees, and birds.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Duncial%26type%3Den (1174 words)

	Uncial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Uncial is a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes.
		In later uncial scripts, the letters are sometimes drawn haphazardly; for example, double-l runs together at the baseline, bows (for example in b, p, r) do not entirely curve in to touch their stems, and the script is generally not written as cleanly as previously.
		French (that is, Merovingian) uncial uses thin descenders (in g, p, etc), an x with lines that cross higher than the middle, and a d with a curled stem (somewhat resembling an apple), and there are many decorations of fish, trees, and birds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uncial (1226 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Palaeography
		It was also from the Greek uncial that Ulfilas, Bishop of the Goths, borrowed, in the fourth century, the characters of which he made use to translate the Bible into the Gothic language (Socrates, "Hist.
		alphabet of the Armenians by a mixture of the Greek uncial and cursive.
		Manuscripts are found the various kinds of ancient writing: the epigraphic capital, the rustic capital, the uncial, the half-uncial, and the minuscule.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11403a.htm (6036 words)

	BOOK ARTS - CALLIGRAPHY 2
		Roman Uncials (Uncialis, meaning "inch", left) were fully developed by the fourth century (by intellectuals in North Africa) and were in use from the fifth to the eighth century as the main Christian book hand.
		Uncials are true pen forms, clearer than the Rusticalis and quickly written, having simple strokes and rounded shapes which seem to flow from the pen and across the page.
		About the beginning of the sixth century, scribes developed for less important books, a letterform somewhere between Uncial and the common cursive: this form is known as Half-Uncial and their evolution marks the formal change in shape from capitals to "small letters" -- majuscules to minuscules.
	www.cbbag.ca /BookArtsWeb/Callig2.html (1339 words)

	History of Calligraphy
		Roman Square capitals (scroll down to see an example of the Roman Square Capital hand), the “quadrata”, are elegant, formal letters seen on monumental inscriptions in stone, they were also drawn with brush and pen, but Square capitals owe much to the chisel and the mallet.
		The Uncial was then followed by the half-Uncial (school down to see an example of the half-Uncial hand).When the term half-Uncial was first used it was probably thought that they had evolved from the Uncial, in fact it developed from early Greek scripts, and therefore had the characteristic flat pen angle.
		Uncial letters were used by monks in Ireland, Scotland and other places, hence the name “Insular style” (meaning from an island) for this type of writing.
	home1.gte.net /houseofcalligraphy/history.html (2727 words)

	[No title]
		It appears safe to assume that the quill pen came into gradual use with the establishment of Roman formal capital letters, of graduated thick and thin st rokes, and the supplanting of papyrus by parchment as a writing material about 190 B.C. The quill pen was the principal writing instrument during the Middle Ages.
		Roman Squ are Capital and Roman Rustic had fallen into disuse for all but titles.
		The Roman Square Capitals were used for titles and explicits, Roman Rustic and the full, rounded Uncial script for chapter headings, table of contents, f irst lines, subtitles, and the beginning of paragraphs and sentences, and the Half-Uncial for prefaces and second lines of texts in descending order of rank.
	www.florilegium.org /files/SCRIBAL-ARTS/scrpt-develop-art.rtf (8659 words)

	[No title]
		It appears safe to assume that the quill pen came into gradual use with the establishment of Roman formal capital letters, of graduated thick and thin strokes, and the supplanting of papyrus by parchment as a writing material about 190 B.C. The quill pen was the principal writing instrument during the Middle Ages.
		Roman Square Capitals were used for only the finest manuscripts because, due to the need for precision, the letters were so slow to write.
		The Roman Square Capitals were used for titles and explicits, Roman Rustic and the full, rounded Uncial script for chapter headings, table of contents, first lines, subtitles, and the beginning of paragraphs and sentences, and the Half- Uncial for prefaces and second lines of texts in descending order of rank.
	www.florilegium.org /files/SCRIBAL-ARTS/scrpt-develop-art.text (8147 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 11: New Mexico-Philip \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The uncial is the chief script of parchment Manuscripts from the fourth to the ninth century.
		The cursive minuscule may have furnished the elements for this character; it appears, however, chiefly as the continuation of the small uncial, which increases in refinement in the Manuscripts of the eighth century.
		The letters E, V, H retain the uncial form; the D has sometimes the uncial form, sometimes the minuscule; the N is in capital.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/herbermann/cathen11.html?term=Palaeography (6865 words)

	About Uncial Press
		Uncial, pronounced either "UN-see-ul" or "UN-shul" is a loose group of handwritten scripts that developed out of Roman and Greek handwriting from the 2nd century onward.
		Uncial and Half-uncial look similar and were used in similar ways, but actually come from different roots.
		Uncial and all its cousins and children were born as one part of a chain of events and technological developments which brought about the modern book.
	www.uncialpress.com /aboutus.html (379 words)

	The Great (?) Uncials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The great uncials copies and the most valued of the minuscules and lectionaries were written on parchment, while paper was employed largely in the making of the later lectionaries and the printed texts of the New Testament." (Praxis In Manuscripts of the Greek New Testament by Rev. Charles F. Sitterly; 1898; p.15).
		Three of the most famous uncial New Testament manuscripts are the fourth century manuscripts Sinaiticus and Vatican-us and the fifth century Codex Alexandrius.
		The leaves measure 13 X 15½ inches and are written in uncial characters, without accents or breathings, and with no punctuation except, at times, the apostrophe and the single point for a period.
	www.deanburgonsociety.org /CriticalTexts/uncials.htm (4910 words)

	History Of Writing
		So, too, the ` Roman ' numerals I, II, III, IIII are in all probability pictures of one, two, three, and four fingers held up, just as V is the whole hand, the four fingers being grouped together as one and the thumb as the other limb of the figure.
		Thus E becomes E, T becomes I. The first great change is, however, the Uncial hand, which perhaps meaning originally letters an inch (uncia) long, came to be used for a kind in which all the letters are still capital, except that A, D, E, H, M, Q have become.
		These two forces, the Roman and the Irish half-uncial hands, may be said to have met at the Council of Whitby in 664.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles11/manuscripts-3.shtml (2994 words)

	Carolingian Scripts
		The Vatican Vergil, a deluxe manuscript from the end of the fourth or early fifth century, is written in Rustic Capitals.
		Perhaps developing in second half of the third century, the uncial script gains popularity during the fourth century.
		Uncial would supplant the rustic capitals as the most popular script from the fifth century.
	employees.oneonta.edu /farberas/arth/arth212/Carolingian_Culture/carolingian_scripts.html (832 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Insular script
		The script developed in Ireland in the 7th century and was used as late as the 19th century, though its most flourishing period fell between 600 and 850.
		It was closely related to the uncial and half-uncial scripts, its immediate influences; the highest grade of Insular script is the majuscule Insular half-uncial, which is closely derived from Continental half-uncial script.
		The "Tironian et" ⁊ (identical in meaning to the Roman ampersand, &) was in widespread use in the script (meaning ond 'and' in Old English and agus 'and' in Irish) and is occasionally continued in modern "Gaelic script" typefaces derived from insular script.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Insular_minuscule (532 words)

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : U
		uncial A typeface or calligraphic style having rounded letterforms, letterforms having diagonal strokes, and letterforms with vertical strokes having additional short diagonal strokes attached to the ends.
		The term « uncial » is thought to be derived from the term « uncia, » Latin for «; inch » (in height), or from « uncas, » meaning « crooked.
		Natural Uncial - A form where the ascenders and descenders equal the length of the minim stroke.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/u.htm (2351 words)

	Roman cursive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Roman cursive (or Latin cursive) is a form of handwriting (or a script) used in ancient Rome and to some extent into the Middle Ages.
		Old Roman cursive, also called majuscule cursive and capitalis cursive, was the everyday form of handwriting used for writing letters, by merchants writing business accounts, by schoolchildren learning the Roman alphabet, and even emperors issuing commands.
		The uncial and half-uncial scripts also most likely developed from this script; "a", "g", "r", and "s" are particularly similar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_cursive (603 words)

	Roman Archaeology
		Romans may also have imported these and other exotic fish to stock their decorative pools.
		The traditional view, that the Roman frontier in Scotland was established in the 80s through the campaigns of the governor Agricola has been overturned by findings at the Roman Gask project excavations at Coldoch.
		The Romans were probably the biggest builders of qanats, though other civilizations also contributed their irrigation techniques to the region.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/2003_07_01_romanarch_archive.html (1660 words)

	Uncial \| Typophile
		Uncial letters, as well as Half Uncial, evolved from Greco-Roman handwriting.
		Uncial letters are often classified as being thoroughly Irish, but this is misleading at best, and inaccurate at worst.
		Like almost all Roman things, there were western (Latin) and eastern (Greek) styles and variants.
	www.typophile.com /wiki/Uncial (261 words)

	Altman, The Writing World of the Dead Sea Scrolls
		The lower half of the papyrus includes a letter written by the assistant to his superior pertaining to the petition, and the empty space at the bottom has not been filled in.
		First, the Romans received their writing system quite late compared to other societies, and second, such regulatory measures are always ex post facto.
		Constantine's consolidated uncial is a blend of existing Roman and Greek graph forms.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~www_sd/altman_dss.html (11154 words)

	ODLIS: Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science
		The use of half titles dates from the 17th century and may have evolved from the practice of including a blank leaf to protect the title page from wear.
		A transitional phase on the path to roman minuscules, half uncial began in the early 6th century as a script for writing less formal manuscripts.
		They are usually numbered in roman numerals to distinguish them from illustrations printed with the text, which are numbered in arabic numerals or referenced by page number.
	lu.com /odlis/odlis_h.cfm (10041 words)

	Showcases :: Harley Latin Gospels
		The text is written in an uncial script - a luxury script using large, rounded letterforms.
		These were compiled by Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, in the first half of the fourth century, and formed a vital aid to readers wishing to locate parallel passages within the Gospels.
		The Harley Latin Gospels is known to have reached France by the ninth century.
	www.bl.uk /onlinegallery/themes/euromanuscripts/latgosp.html (275 words)

	Report on the Temple Tablet by Rochelle I. Altman
		It is a grievous error to assume that one may use a graph from this font and a graph from that font within one word on any ancient document.
		Similarly, while the uncial script practically held a monopoly on documents produced by the Roman factions from the 4th through the 9th centuries CE, paleographers can instantly say that this MS was produced in England and that one was produced in Italy -- merely from the script.
		As the purposes of the arch were different on the two sides of the ANE, the use of the arch on the so-called "Stone of Israel" almost certainly is to put the "law" into the shape recognized by the Israelites.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/report_temple_tablet.htm (8781 words)

	Half Uncial
		Date : Late Roman, developed by the 4th century; in use until around the 8th century.
		There is some variation in the forms of letters in half uncial from different areas.
		This example is very neat and formal, so is not too hard to read once you get the hang of the unusual letter forms.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/examples/halfuncial.htm (356 words)

	Celtic Borders from the Book of Kells & the Lindisfarne Gospels
		The Roman Half Uncial was established as the minuscule script for humble manuscripts at the time St. Patrick began his mission to Ireland in 432.
		The Irish land was behind the influence of the Roman Empire, was unfamiliar with latin and practically had no language of its own, St. Patrick's followers learned and adopted the Roman Half Uncial.
		The Irish scribes created an exagerated serif and formalized the script so the humble minuscule Half Uncial became a formal majuscule by the 6th century, the Insular Majuscule.
	www.alfredom.com /ashop/407.htm (1164 words)

	Search Results for "Runes"
		Their place had, however, been usurped long before that period by the Roman alphabet, which the English...
		From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance.
		15 The Irish alphabet was founded on the Roman half-uncial hand, manuscripts of this type having been...
	bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Runes (462 words)

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