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Topic: Roman Inquisition

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Inquisition

Medieval Inquisition

Spanish Inquisiton

Spanish Inquisition

The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)

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Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

Bernard Gui

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	Inquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first Inquisitions, known as the Medieval Inquisition, was established in 1184 in response to the Catharist heresy in southern France and faded in power with the successful suppression of that group.
		The findings of the Inquisition were read before a large audience; the penitents abjured on their knees with one hand on a Bible held by the inquisitor.
		In northern Europe the Inquisition was considerably more benign: in the Scandinavian countries it had hardly any impact (although northern Europe had its own institutions such as the "witchhunt").The Inquisition was never instituted in England, but Christopher Columbus carried it with him to the New World.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/i/in/inquisition.html (1357 words)

	Inquisition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Western Roman Empire was thus able to focus on dealing with heresy, and those whose beliefs or practices deviated sufficiently from the orthodoxy of the councils now became the objects of efforts to bring them into the fold.
		The first of the Medieval Inquisitions is called the Episcopal Inquisition and was established in the year 1184 by a papal bull, an official letter from the Pope, entitled Ad abolendam; "For the purpose of doing away with".
		The Inquisition was in response to the growing Catharist heresy in southern France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inquisition (1254 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Inquisition
		With the establishment of Christianity as the state religion by the Roman emperors in the 4th century, heretics came to be considered enemies of the state, especially when violence and the disturbance of public order were involved.
		Once the Albigensians were under control, however, the pace of the Inquisition decidedly slackened, and in the late 14th and 15th centuries relatively little was heard of it.
		Whereas the medieval Inquisition focused on popular misbeliefs that resulted in the disturbance of public order, the Holy Office was generally concerned with orthodoxy of a more academic nature, especially as it appeared in the writings of theologians and high churchmen.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761552909__1/Inquisition.html (1462 words)

	MSN Encarta - Inquisition
		Inquisition, judicial institution, established by the papacy in the Middle Ages, charged with seeking out, trying, and sentencing persons guilty of heresy.
		Although the Inquisition in the beginning directed most attention to the Albigensians and, to a lesser degree, the Waldensians (see Waldenses), it later extended its activities to other heterodox groups, such as the Fraticelli, and then to witches and diviners.
		Alarmed by the spread of Protestantism and especially by its penetration into Italy, Pope Paul III in 1542 heeded reformers such as Gian Pietro Cardinal Carafa and established in Rome the Congregation of the Inquisition, also known as the Roman Inquisition and the Holy Office.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761552909 (1124 words)

	INQUISITION
		Although the Inquisition did prosecute witchcraft, as did almost every secular government, the Roman inquisitors by the later sixteenth century were beginning to express serious doubts about most such accusations.
		What did give the Inquisition greater impact was that it was well organized and at least in theory universal throughout the Church, whereas Protestant persecution of heresy tended to be spasmodic and dependant mainly on local conditions.
		The Inquisition can only be understood within the framework of the centuries of its existence, when religious uniformity and orthodoxy, and obedience to authority, were enforced by almost all political and religious institutions, considered essential for the very survival of society.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/Dossier/1112-96/column1.html (1075 words)

	Inquisition
		The stereotype of the Inquisition is that it was a kangaroo court operated by possibly psychotic fanatics with a taste for blood, who tortured innocent people to obtain false confessions, then sent them off to be burnt at the stake.
		Modern historiography of the Inquisition has resulted in a rather moderate image of the institution and a number of the important conclusions of that research are provided in this article.
		The subject of the Inquisition illustrates one of the paradoxes of the “information age” — the availability of accurate information on a subject by no means guarantees that such information will affect public perceptions.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0007.html (1182 words)

	Inquisition. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Secular rulers came to use the persecution of heresy as a weapon of state, as in the case of the suppression of the Knights Templars.
		The Inquisition was an emergency device and was employed mainly in S France, N Italy, and Germany.
		The Spanish government tried to establish the Inquisition in all its dominions; but in the Spanish Netherlands the local officials did not cooperate, and the inquisitors were chased (1510) out of Naples, apparently with the pope’s connivance.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/Inquisit.html (728 words)

	Inquisition, Spanish Inquisition
		Notoriously harsh in its procedures, the Inquisition was defended during the Middle Ages by appeal to biblical practices and to the church father Saint Augustine, who had interpreted Luke 14:23 as endorsing the use of force against heretics.
		The papal Inquisition was formally instituted by Pope Gregory IX in 1231.
		This Roman Inquisition was solidified (1588) by Sixtus V into the Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, also known as the Holy Office, whose task was to watch over the correct doctrine of faith and morals for the whole Roman Catholic church.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txh/inquisit.htm (1298 words)

	Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) is the oldest of the nine congregations of the Roman Curia.
		On July 21, 1542 Pope Paul III, with the Constitution Licet ab initio, established the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, staffed with cardinals and other officials whose task it was "to maintain and defend the integrity of the faith and to examine and proscribe errors and false doctrines".
		In reaction to the excesses of the Spanish Inquisition, it was tightly controlled by strict procedural rules under the administration of Francisco Peña.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_Inquisition (488 words)

	Pre-Inquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It obtained a powerful hold upon the public mind from the universal belief of the middle ages that the visible church, centering in the Roman papacy, was by divine appointment the dispenser of eternal salvation, and that expulsion from her communion, unless followed by repentance and restoration, meant eternal damnation.
		Roman Inquisition, instituted by 'pope' Paul III in 1542 focused papal terror upon the Protestants.
		Medieval Inquisition which was established in 1231 by the decree of 'pope' Gregory IX.
	papacyuncovered.homestead.com /files/Inquisition/1._Pre-Inquisition.htm (3305 words)

	INQUISITION FACTS AND INFORMATION
		There were four Inquisitions; in chronological order, they were the Medieval_Inquisition, the Spanish_Inquisition, the Portuguese_Inquisition and the Roman Inquisition.
		This inquisition also gave rise to the Peruvian_Inquisition during the Viceroyalty_of_Peru which ended with its Independence on July 28, and also the Mexican_Inquisition, which continued in the Americas until Mexican Independence.
		http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/madden200406181026.asp Because of the negative images associated with the Inquisition, the term has taken on a pejorative usage, and is often used to express disapproval, and is often used in a non-neutral manner, and not as a neutral historical descriptor.
	www.palfacts.com /Inquisition (1164 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Inquisition
		In the records of the Inquisition we very frequently read that because of old age, sickness, or poverty in the family, the in the family, the due punishment was materially reduced owing to the inquisitor sheer pity, or the petition of a good Catholic.
		The Spanish Inquisition is distinguished from the medieval its monarchical constitution and and a greater consequent centralization, as also by the constant and legally provided-for influence of the crown on all official appointments and the progress of trials.
		This inquisitional tribunal, composed of six cardinals, was to be at once the final court of appeal for trials concerning faith, and the court of first instance for cases reserved to the pope.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08026a.htm (12687 words)

	The Rowan Grove (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He has admitted that Galileo was censured wrongly by the Inquisition for asserting that the Earth was not the center of the universe.
		The Inquisition, after all, was authorized and led by previous popes to suppress heresy, and it still operates today under a different name -- the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith -- occasionally excommunicating an outspoken priest or barring a rebel theologian from teaching.
		Yet the Roman Inquisition, founded in 1542 as a Vatican agency to counter the Protestant Reformation, also sent heretics to die by garroting or burning at the stake until 1727.
	www.rowangrove.org /articles/a-11.htm (1218 words)

	LINK-MAIL: The Inquisition and the Roman Catholic Church
		The Inquisition ("..The Inquisition was a Roman Catholic tribunal for discovery and punishment of heresy, which was marked by the severity of questioning and punishment and lack of rights afforded to the accused.
		The Inquisition - Witch is Witch ("..In 1235 Anno Domini, Pope Gregory IX produced the documents that formalised the detection and prosecution of heretics as part of church procedure, throughout the dominions of the Christian church...")
		The Spanish Inquisition ("..is known for the terror it caused the inhabitants of the Iberian peninsula.
	www.link-mail.com /44130.html (762 words)

	THE INQUISITION: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When the Roman Catholic Church was founded by the pagan Roman Emperor Constantine at the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., it immediately achieved expansive influence at all levels of the imperial government.
		The Inquisition, led by the Dominicans and the Jesuits, was usually early on the scene following each territorial acquisition of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the 16th and 17th centuries.
		Roman Catholic apologists are quick to point out that it was the state that put heretics to death.
	home.znet.com /bart/inquis.htm (3067 words)

	Inquisition
		The Inquisition is often considered the "slam dunk" in the argument that the Catholic Church is not of God and that Religion is stale.
		The Roman Inquisition began in 1542 when Pope Paul III established the Holy Office as the final court of appeal in trials of heresy and served as an important part of the Counter-Reformation.
		The myth of the witch-hunting inquisition was built on several assumptions and mistakes, all of which have been overturned in the last twenty-five years...
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/inquisition.htm (6867 words)

	THE TRUE FACE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC INQUISITON -- ROTTEN SPIRITUAL FRUIT FROM THE ABYSS OF HELL
		Therefore, the monstrosity of the Inquisition stands before mankind as the ultimate evidence of the inherent Satanism of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Roman dogma was the standard, not the pure Holy Bible.
		In the Inquisition, pain inflicted on sexual organs was very prevalent, another clear sign of the sexual obsession brought on by the perversions of celibacy.
	www.cuttingedge.org /news/n1676.cfm (4153 words)

	Matilda Joslyn Gage Website: Scholarship: The Inquisiiton
		This series on the Inquisition uses almost exclusively works that Gage was known to have used, were written by individuals that Gage is known to have extensively referenced, or were written before or during her productive years.
		Although the Roman Catholic church was the only truly international organization existing in Europe between the thirteenth through the eighteenth centuries and although the techniques of the Inquisition were used throughout Christendom, various geographical areas of Europe experienced the Inquisition differently.
		For example, in Languedoc, the Inquisition of the thirteenth century was particularly vicious while the Inquisition did not make it to England until the early fifteenth century as part of the Catholic church's attempt to deal with the Lollards.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/gage/inquis/inquis.html (2598 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Roman Congregations
		Of these the most important are, without doubt, the Roman Congregations (Sacræ Cardinalium Congregationes), as is evident from the mere consideration of the dignity of their membership, consisting, as it does, of cardinals who are officially the chief collaborators of the sovereign pontiff in the administration of the affairs of the Universal Church.
		As the Roman Inquisition (Romana Inquisitio) this congregation is of very ancient origin, dating from Innocent III (1194-1216), although some authorities attribute its establishment to Lucius III (1181-85).
		In view of the progress of the Reformation, Paul III, by the Bull "Licet ab initio", of 21 July, 1542, declared the Roman Inquisition to be the supreme tribunal for the whole world; and he assigned to it six cardinals.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13136a.htm (9862 words)

	Inquisition
		The Inquisition resulted in the torture and murder of millions of Christians whose only crime was a rejection of Catholic heresy and a commitment to follow the Bible as their sole authority for faith and practice.
		All were seen as the victims of an inquisition that came to be seen as the driving force of papal power, the creator of “millions” of Protestant martyrs, and the enemy of Enlightenment and Progress.
		The Inquisition was an image assembled from a body of legends and myths which, between the sixteenth and the twentieth centuries, established the perceived character of inquisitorial tribunals and influenced all ensuing efforts to recover their historical reality.
	www.catholicleague.org /research/inquisition.html (12594 words)

	my-malta.com -- The Holy Office
		It is believed that its raison d’être as far as Malta was concerned was precisely to ensure the proper conduct of the militant fraternity, then residing in the cosmopolitan port area of the Borgo (Birgu), which inevitably became a location prone to a loose way of life.
		The official purpose of the Inquisition was to stomp out 'heresy' and, with the ever increasing number of visitors to the Maltese Islands that followed the arrival of the Order of St. John, Protestantism (Lutherism) was perceived by the Catholic Church to be a most serious threat.
		Carmel Cassar: Witchcraft, Sorcery & the Inquisition (Mireva Publ., 1996).
	my-malta.com /interesting/church/Inquisit.html (1424 words)

	Church - Chapter 3: The Church as the World - Page 9
		The Roman Inquisition was established by the Roman church in 1231 to inquire into response of heresy, namely the heresies of the Albigenses.
		The Inquisition was to try heretics, and turn those found guilty over to the state for punishment.
		The Spanish Inquisition came about in the fifteenth century and was of the state but church involvement was thick.
	www.elpis-publications.org /church/chapter3/ch3p9.htm (398 words)

	The Inquisition
		Inquisitions did not exist in Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, or England, being confined mainly to southern France, Italy, Spain, and a few parts of the Holy Roman Empire.
		It is equally true that, despite what we consider the Spanish Inquisition’s lamentable procedures, many people preferred to have their cases tried by ecclesiastical courts because the secular courts had even fewer safeguards.
		The fact that the Protestant Reformers also created inquisitions to root out Catholics and others who did not fall into line with the doctrines of the local Protestant sect shows that the existence of an inquisition does not prove that a movement is not of God.
	www.catholic.com /library/inquisition.asp (2031 words)

	Inquisition of the Papacy
		The Inquisition was a tool of the papacy purportedly to stamp out heresy.
		There is nothing in the teachings of Christ or the apostles that can be used to justify the Inquisition.
		Some historical background and facts of the Inquisition are included in the links at left.
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Inq/Inq.htm (233 words)

	Another papal apology for the Inquisition @ TraditionInAction.org
		The most famous and much maligned Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Pope Sixtus IV in response to numerous complaints Rome was receiving from southern Spain about the many heresies and immoralities introduced into Catholic doctrine by false believers and converts.
		The Roman Inquisition was begun in 1542 with the same noble aim of preserving the Faith and eradicating heresy.
		A modern scholar, John Tedeschi, concluded that the Roman Inquisition did, in fact, dispense judicial justice, and was even “a pioneer in judicial reform in modern Europe.”(1) This same institution became the Vatican Holy Office and later, in 1965, Paul VI changed its name, to The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
	traditioninaction.org /religious/m004rpInquisition_Jan04.htm (1171 words)

	Inquisition -> The Medieval Inquisition on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Spanish inquisition: Simon Lemieux examines the hard facts about the Inquisition and counters the common caricature.
		The rule of faith over reason: the role of the Inquisition in Iberia and New Spain.
		Vatican: Inquisition victims of torture and the stake were fewer than many think
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/inquisit_themedievalinquisition.asp (750 words)

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