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Topic: Roman Republican coinage

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	David R Sear: Reference Publications for Greek, Roman and Byzantine Coins
		The Roman coinage is a more orderly series and in consequence the number of standard works of reference is far fewer than in the case of Greek.
		The local coinages of the Roman Empire produced by numerous provincial mints, principally in the eastern provinces, have, in the past, seldom received individual attention.
		These coinages have traditionally been treated as the final phase of the Greek coinage (hence 'Greek Imperial') and have appeared in catalogues of Greek coins where the primary arrangement is geographical.
	www.davidrsear.com /academy/reference_works.html (1604 words)

	Roman Republic Numismatic Catalogues - Roman Republican Coin Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The standard reference book on Roman Republican coinage, accurate and thorough, backed by comprehensive research evidence, this is the first book that gets the overall story correct in all its fundamentals although there remain specialist areas of debate.
		The division of the coinage into coherent series with common styles or issuers allows you to easily grasp the outline of the coinage, and all the information on a given coin or series is presented in the one place, whereas in Crawford you have to hop between the catalogue and the explanatory text.
		Many still-quoted books on Greek or Italian coinage include long-discredited dating based on a 269BC introduction of the denarius and associated Italian bronze coinages, and HNI is a badly need update to their dating.
	hometown.aol.co.uk /ahala/RRbooks.html (2550 words)

	Antony and Cleopatra
		Yet Egypt was not the power it once had been, and Cleopatra’s father Auletes owed his throne to Roman support, much as she gained her throne with the aid of Caesar’s arms [see figure II for a bust of the young queen].
		Cleopatra’s coinage hailed her as Isis, the ‘New Goddess,’ and she was actively worshipped as such in Egypt.
		Labienus was given command of Roman deserters and Parthian troops and was encouraged to invade Roman Syria, which he did in 40 B.C. The surviving independent Hellenistic monarchs in the new Roman world realised that their survival depended largely on their ability to interfere in Roman politics and to fracture their foe by fostering division.
	www.roman-empire.net /articles/article-028.html (5070 words)

	Roman Imperial Coins: Augustus to Hadrian and Antonine Selections, 31 BC - AD 180, Vol. 3 - PowerBookSearch! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		There is a non-technical introduction to the history of coinage, suitable for the non-specialist general reader as well as the experienced coin collector ready to branch out into this specialized area of numismatics.
		Included are:- Listings in accordance with Crawford￯﾿ﾽs standard catalog, 'Roman Republican Coinage'- 18 specimens unavailable in standard catalogs- Commentary placing coins in their historical, political, and numismatic contexts- Introduction to the history of coinage suitable for the general reader- indices of names, coin legends, and coin types- 42 plates, 1,042 coins.
		Includes 18 specimens not found in standard catalogues, commentaries on the political and numismatic policies of the emperors whose reigns are encompassed, and a non-technical introduction to the history of coinage for newcomers and students studying numismatics for the first time as part of a course in ancient history.
	www.powerbooksearch.com /booksearch0865163227.html (1209 words)

	Roman Coin Books:EROL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The coinage of the Adoptive emperors and those of the Antonine and Severan dynasties saw the ultimate fulfillment of this process resulting in a coinage of unprecedented volume and complexity.As before, current market valuations are expressed in pound sterling and US dollars, in at least two grades of preservation.
		Roman coins were used in Britain for nearly 400 years and are common finds in the soil of this country.
		A great variety of designs, referred to as ‘types’ are to be found on Roman silver denarii, because responsibility for minting coinage throughout the period of the Roman Republic was assigned to individual moneyers who were magistrates or officials appointed by the Senate, many of whom are, in fact, only known from their coins.
	www.time-line.co.uk /x268.html (4975 words)

	Richardson, Romans in Spain
		Instead of Romans fighting for glory and wealth against the indigenous inhabitants, the wars of the last century of the republic, in Iberia as elsewhere, consisted essentially of Romans fighting other Romans, in an extension of the political struggles that racked the capital itself.
		Morgan, 'The Roman conquest of the Balearic Isles', CSCA 2 (1969), pp.
		In the end, quarrels amongst the Romans who made up his officer corps led to a conspiracy, and he was assassinated by his second-in-command, Perperna, at a banquet at their headquarters at Osca (modern Huesca).(65) Most of the Iberians are said to have deserted Perperna and surrendered to Pompeius shortly after.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~jgaughan/HY492/RomansinSpain.htm (8888 words)

	How to learn more about ancient Roman coins
		Coinage in the Roman World by Andrew Burnett is packed with information from one the world's top scholars (and, former Curator of the British Museum collection).
		Roman Silver Coins, I, Republic to Augustus, (originally) by H. Seaby, in the Seaby series and revised by David Sear and Robert Loosely, is a (virtually) complete one-volume list of Roman Republican silver (but not AE or gold) coins.
		If your Republican coin was minted between 63 and 49 BC, there is a good work by Michael Harlan, Roman Republican Moneyers and Their Coins, 63 BC - 49 BC, which tells the entire story of each type (up to five pages on a single type!) and as much as is known about the moneyers.
	esty.ancients.info /numis/learnmore.html (5286 words)

	Management of Mint in the Late Roman Republic
		Iberian denarii and the Asian cistophori were produced on local initiative, with the permission of Roman authorities or at the instigation and for the use of Roman magistrates.
		Whether independent or official, the existence of such coinage demonstrates the complexity of the Roman monetary ’system’ and how difficult it is to reconstruct their financial activities with any certainty or in any detail.
		Under such circumstances it is difficult to envision a senator or magistrate ever obtaining a clear picture of the supply and circulation of coinage in the Roman world or being able to carry out any sophisticated economic policy with respect to or by means of their currency.
	ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/155445 (6930 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Spaeth, The Roman Goddess Ceres
		I ground this approach in a chronological study of the development of her ideological associations in the various periods of Roman history, from prehistoric Italy to the Late Roman Empire.
		I felt this discovery revealed both the historical significance of the underlying themes that I had recognized in her character and the way in which a female divinity could be used by a male-dominated power structure to reinforce the status quo.
		Ceres became identified with the ideal Roman woman of this class and her virtues of chastity and motherhood.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exsparom.html (1667 words)

	Recommended Books and catalogues
		H Mattingly and others, Roman Imperial Coinage, volumes 1-10 (Spink) - RIC covers all Roman coins from Augustus down to ad 491 and is the most commonly used reference.
		It benefits from providing RRC and RIC references (for all Roman Republican and Roman Imperial coins respectively).
		R Reece and S James, Identifying Roman Coins, second edition (Spink, 2000) * - This is an excellent guide for the beginner with line drawing illustrations (misleadingly all drawn to the same size).
	www.finds.org.uk /romancoins/biblio.php (498 words)

	Classics 300:syllabus
		Rutter, "Early Greek Coinage and the influence of hte Athenian state," in B. Cunliffe (ed.) Coinage and Society in Britain and Gaul, London: Council for British Archaeology 1981, 1-9.
		Fishwick, "Coinage and cult: the provincial monuments at Lugdunum, Tarraco, and Emerita," Roman Coins and Public Life 95-121.
		Klawans, "Identifying Roman Coins," in Handbook of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins, New York: Harris 1995.
	oldmoney.vassar.edu /classics300/syllabus.html (405 words)

	News and Events: Archive: The Development of Roman Republican Coins - lecture Tues. Sept. 27th (Rutgers University ...
		The lecture celebrates the opening of an important exhibition, "Early Coinage of the Roman Republic," which will be on display at the Special Collections and University Archives Gallery, Rutgers University Libraries, from September 27 until December 31, 2005.
		Acquired over six decades, the Rutgers collection of Roman coins is remarkable for its comprehensiveness, historical value, and the fine condition of individual pieces, making the university an important locus for research and teaching in this area.
		Of particular interest is the sudden appearance of "personal" types in the mid-second century B.C.E., when individuals who held the annual post of moneyer start to replace traditional generic imagery with highly individualistic (indeed propagandistic) representations meant to aggrandize themselves and their families.
	www.libraries.rutgers.edu /rul/news/05/09_roman_coins.shtml (449 words)

	Amazon.com: Handbook of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins: Books: Zander H. Klawans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700 (Ancient Society and History) by Kenneth W. Harl
		There is a chronological guide to the Roman emperors and their families, reverses of gods and 'personifications' and other mythological and religious data.
		Republican Roman coins (a fascinating area) are strangely not covered at all.
	www.amazon.com /Handbook-Ancient-Greek-Roman-Coins/dp/030709362X (2113 words)

	Discources in economic history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Bland, R., ‘The last coinage of Caesarea in Cappadocia’, R. Martini and N. Vismara (eds.), in Glaux: Collana di Studi e Ricerche di Numismatica, Ermanno A. Arslan Studia Dicata, Milan 1991, pp.214-231.
		Duncan-Jones, R.P, ‘Mobility and immobility of coin in the Roman empire’, Annali: Istituto Italiano di Numismatica 36 (1989), pp.121-137.
		Kroll, J.H., ‘Hemiobols to assaria: the bronze coinage of Roman Aigion’, Numismatic Chronicle 156 (1996), pp.
	www.romaneconomy.gr /pub/category.asp?catID=27 (2044 words)

	Roman currency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main Roman currency during most of the Roman Republic and the western half of the Roman Empire consisted of coins including: the aureus (gold), the denarius (silver), the sestertius (bronze), the dupondius (bronze), and the as (copper).
		Next came a standardized currency of cast bronze based around the denomination known as the as, which weighed one Roman pound, and fractional values.
		The job of deciding what imagery to feature belonged to the tresviri monetales, young statesmen who aspired to be senators.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_currency (3589 words)

	Numismatic Literature
		An appendix comprehensivly surveys the provincial or local coinages and double the number of pieces sited in RPC for this period.
		An essential reference and historical commentary for all collectors and students of Roman coinage and history.
		The first volume of the much heralded revision of "Roman Coins and Their Values" covering the Republic and early empire.
	www.ancienthistory.com /cgi-local/findBooks.cgi?4 (348 words)

	Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. - Numismatic Literature
		An excellent introduction to Roman coinage in all its aspects.
		It encompasses what may justifiably be termed the 'golden age' of the Roman imperial coinage.
		The full development of the Augustan system of coin denomination and perfection of the method by which government propaganda was communicated to the citizenry through the medium of coinage both reached their peak during these fourteen decades.
	www.coin.com /cgi-local/findBooks.cgi?4 (1476 words)

	Roman Republican coins: page #3
		Listed below you will find additional coins of the Roman Republican period.
		Much can be learned from the images on Roman coins, they held images of their gods and goddesses, minting tools, polling places, and events in their history, as well as many other interesting portrayals.
		Roman coins from other periods in Roman history can be found on additional pages listed on the Roman coins page.
	www.romancoinsonline.com /roman_rep__3.htm (313 words)

	Roman Coins and Roman History pg10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Augustus inaugurated the Roman empire and made the aureus the standard gold coin of his principate, and however devalued it may have become over the centuries, it remained as such until Constantine introduced the solidus, and with it the Byzantine empire.
		The coins which have figured so prominently in documenting the history of Rome are the coins which figure so prominently in this exhibition and its catalogue.
		Mattingly, H., Roman Coins from the Earliest Times to the Fall of the Western Empire, 2nd ed.
	www.lawrence.edu /dept/art/buerger/essays/romanc10.html (107 words)

	A Mathematical Exploration of Apportionment Procedures Around the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Scene depicts Roman citizens voting at the Regio VIII facing the Senate.
		Te ballot was introduced to the Roman comitia by the Leges Tabellaria of which the Lex Gabiana (139 BC) related to the election of magistrates, the Lex Cassia (137 BC) related to judicia populi and the Lex Papiria (131 BC) related to the enactment and repeal of laws.
		The two horizontal lines in the background are the barriers of the saepta, separating the 35 Roman tribes.
	math.arizona.edu /~voting-theory/nerva.html (229 words)

	Roman Republican Silver Coinage
		This may relate to the praetorship of L. Postumius Albinus over Spain and his successful expeditions against the Vaccaei and Lusitani, and the levying of troops for this campaign.
		This family traced its decent from the Sabines and perhaps from king Tatius himself.
		The reverse refers to the rape of the Sabines by the Romans.
	www.gilliscoins.com /coinage/roman_republican_silver/index.htm (793 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.04.14
		Sion-Jenkis (henceforth S-J), in her doctoral dissertation, has produced a careful and thorough investigation of the opinions of ancient authors, in both Latin and Greek, about the reasons for the break-down of the republican system in the Roman state, and its replacement by a monarchy.
		which goes into some detail on the revolution which expelled the kings and the various changes to the republican institutions, though unfortunately the section describing the regression from republic to monarchy is lost.
		Nor does S-J make any use of coins, though by now not only the Roman republican and imperial coinages but also the Roman provincial coinages for the period have been fully published, with exhaustive indices.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-04-14.html (1968 words)

	Rutgers University Libraries: News and Events: Public Events Calendar Fall 2005
		Rutger's collection of Roman coins is remarkable for its comprehensiveness, historical value, and fine condition.
		The Special Collections exhibition will have three major themes: the evolution of the technical aspects of the coinage; political and social developments as reflected in the coinage; and rare and unusual coins.
		This exhibition is made possible by a grant from the New Jersey Council for the Humanities, a state partner of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
	www.libraries.rutgers.edu /rul/news/events_05_fall/05_fall.shtml (1148 words)

	0.1.9 Numismatic Bibliography
		E.T. Newell and O. Mørkholm, The Coinage of the Eastern Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III.
		E.T. Newell and O. Mørkholm, The Coinage of the Western Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III.
		Sellwood, An Introduction to the Coinage of Parthia.
	www.classicalcoins.com /page109.html (512 words)

	ACTA ACCLA - Ancient Dreadlocks by Roger Burry
		Legend: L. References: Sear 419; Roman Republican Coinage (Crawford) 448/3; Coinage of the Roman Republic (Sydenham) 953.
		Her face is pretty in contrast to the women on most Roman coins.
		The carnyx shown behind the woman is a Gallic/Celtic war trumpet.
	www.accla.org /actaaccla/burry.html (288 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2003059510
		A New Light on the Early Silver Coinage of Teos 3.
		The Coinage of Mithradates III, Pharnakes, and Mithradates IV of Pontos 6.
		The Mesagne Hoard and the Coinage of the Late Republic 17.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy045/2003059510.html (168 words)

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