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Topic: Roman Umbria

	Umbria
		The modern Umbria was formed immediately after the unification of Italy in 1860 from the division and distribution of the ex-pontifical state territory.
		In 1923-1927 Umbria lost Sabina in favour of Latium and the province of Terni was established.
		Umbria doesn't possess numerous ways of communications and because of geological and landscape factors it was cut from the program of connection between the north and south of the country.
	www.italycyberguide.com /Geography/regions/umbria.htm (1081 words)

	A New Realm Media Production - Accommodation Italy I Umbria I History
		The western area of Umbria (with Perugia as the centre and with the territories of the cities of Amelia, Narni, Todi, Bettona, Gubbio, Orte and Orvieto) continued, on the other hand, to remain under Byzantine rule and were controlled by the Exarchate of Ravenna.
		The climate of Umbria is transitional and prevalently Mediterranean.
		Situated in West Umbria, on the Latium boundary, it is a large basin formed by damming the River Tiber, subsequently transformed into an excellent refuge and breeding ground for waterfowl, along the middle Tiber Valley migration route.
	www.ciaodarling.com /italy/umbria/history.htm (1846 words)

	Umbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Umbria is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany to the west, the Marche to the east and Lazio to the south.
		The same cannot be said of the Tiber's three principal tributaries, each flowing in a generally southward course: they are responsible for much of the landscape of Umbria.
		While the Nera flows more or less in isolation between rather high mountains, the lower course of the Chiascio-Topino basin widens out into a fairly large floodplain, which in Antiquity was actually a pair of shallow, interlocking, swamp-like lakes, the Lacus Clitorius and the Lacus Umber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Umbria (368 words)

	Roman Umbria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Roman region of Umbria, Regio VI Umbria, was one of the fourteen regions into which Augustus divided Italy; it is named after a proto-Italic people, the Umbri, who were gradually subjected by the Romans in the 4th through the 2d centuries BC.
		Although it passed the name on to the modern region of Umbria, the two do not coincide by any means.
		The modern use of "Umbria" is due to a renascence of local identity in the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_Umbria (132 words)

	Umbria
		Umbria is the ideal place for visitors seeking the beauties of unspoilt Nature, and the splendours of medieval and Renaissance art, or wishing to follow itineraries of historical and religious interest in the countryside that gave birth to St. Benedict, St. Rita and, especially, St. Francis.
		At the fall of the Roman Empire, Perugia was invaded by the Goths; later (end 6th century) the Lombards and Byzantines fought for possession of the city, the latter finally winning the struggle.
		After the fall of the Roman Empire and the Barbarian invasions, Terni was ruled by Goths and Byzantines; later (6th century) it became part of the Lombard Duchy of Spoleto, which fell to the Carolingians in 774.
	www.italy1.it /umbria.htm (2158 words)

	History and background information on Umbria, Italy
		Roman rule brought to Umbria a long period of relative peace and increasing cultural and economic prosperity, and, par for the course, an extensive period of construction and modernisation: roads, aqueducts, drainage, villas, theatres and entire new settlements.
		Umbria was to enjoy a brief period of calm when the Byzantines finally defeated the Goths in 522, this lasting until the Longobards arrived and took possession of large parts of eastern Umbria, eventually establishing the Duchy of Spoleto.
		Umbria today is an increasingly popular tourist destination, with the wonders of the Etruscans mixing in alongside those of Ancient Rome and the splendid array of mediaeval towns and hilltop villages.
	www.knowital.com /history/umbria/umbria-history.html (907 words)

	Encyclopedia: Marche
		The Marche (plural, originally le marche de Ancona = the Marches of Ancona) are a region of Northern Italy, bordering Emilia-Romagna north and Tuscany and the republic of San Marino to the north-west, Umbria to the south-west, Abruzzo and Latium to the south-east and the Adriatic Sea to the east.
		Tuscany (Italian Toscana) is a region in central Italy, bordering on Latium to the south, Umbria and Marche to the east, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria to the north, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west.
		The Roman region of Umbria, Regio VI Umbria, was one of the fourteen regions into which Augustus divided Italy; it is named after a proto-Italic people, the Umbri, who were gradually subjected by the Romans in the 4th thru the 2d centuries BC.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Marche (1473 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Narni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, 1826.]] Narni, {{coor dm4231N1231E}}, is an ancient hilltown and comune of Umbria in central Italy, with 20,100 inhabitants according to the 2003 census; at altitude 240 m (787 ft) it overhangs a narrow gorge of the Nera River in Terni province.
		The attempt failed and the victorious Romans changed its name to Narnia after the nearby Nar River; as in the case of Benevento (q.v.), the former name was considered of ill augury: in Latin, nequeo means "I am unable", and nequitia means "worthlessness".
		The town is famous for the largest Roman bridge ever built, by which the Via Flaminia crossed the Nera: about half of the bridge still stands; it is some 30 meters high.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Narni (714 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Gubbio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		After the Roman conquest in the 2nd century BC — it kept its name with only a slight change (Iguvium) — the city remained important, as attested by its Roman theater, the second-largest surviving in the world.
		The town sent 1000 knights to fight in the First Crusade under the lead of Count Girolamo Gabrielli, and according to an undocumented tradition, they were the first to penetrate into the Holy Sepulchre when the city was seized (1099).
		The race has strong devotional, civic, and historical overtones and is one of the best-known folklore manifestations in Italy; the Ceri were chosen as the heraldic emblem on the coat of arms of Umbria as a modern administrative region.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Gubbio (616 words)

	Encyclopedia: Roman Umbria
		Perugia is the capital city in the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river, and the capital of the province of Perugia.
		Although Rome accumulated a collection of tribute-states in the centuries before the autocracy of Augustus, the pre-Augustan state is conventionally described as the Roman Republic, since the structure of the power in that age was the one of a republic.
		The first dynasty of the Roman Empire, the Julio-Claudians The Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire has a family tree complicated by multiple marriages between the members of the gens Julia and the gens Claudia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Roman-Umbria (625 words)

	Umbria - Roman villas
		The Roman villa is a complex system, equipped with production spaces for the millstones and the storehouses, but also precious rooms, wide and embellished with mosaics and frescoes, for the "otium", the lords' leisure.
		In Roman times the agricultural handicraft and commercial activity comes into being in the 1st century B. C., at the end of the social war, is particularly flourishing in the Empire age (1st cent.) and declines with the crisis of the latifundium (3rd cent.).
		According to the old fireside tales, fairies used to gather by this grotto at least twice a year, at the summer solstice and at the winter solstice and their words were carried out by the draughts running through the cavities.
	www.argoweb.it /croceserra/ville.uk.html (491 words)

	Tuscany, Umbria Escorted Tour
		Lago Trasimeno, near the border of Tuscany and Umbria, is the largest lake in the Italian peninsula and the fourth largest in Italy as a whole.
		Umbria has a rich history, distinctive regional cuisine, and beautiful rural countryside.
		Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria and of the province of Perugia.
	www.creativeworld.us /7tuscB03.htm (1013 words)

	Terni - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Terni, (Latin: Interamna Nahars) an ancient town of Italy, capital of Terni province in southern Umbria, 42°33N, 12°39E, at 130 meters (427 ft) above sea-level in the plain of the Nera river.
		In the 3rd century BC it was conquered by the Romans and soon become an important municipium lying on the Via Flaminia.
		During the Roman Empire the city was enriched with several buildings, including aqueducts, walls, amphitheaters, temples and bridges.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Terni (631 words)

	Spoleto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient town in the Italian province of Perugia in east central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines.
		Ponte delle torri, a striking 13th-century aqueduct, possibly on Roman foundations: whether it was first built by the Romans is a point on which scholarly opinion is divided.
		It was rebuilt starting in the 12th century (though the work dragged on until the 15th century), when a remarkable Romanesque façade was added: this has three doors with rose-windows, with a splendid relief decoration by local artists; with S. Rufino in Assisi, it is the finest extant specimen of Umbrian Romanesque.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spoleto (1539 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.11.03
		Roman colonization (Narnia 299, Ariminum 268, Spoletium 241) and the building of the Via Flaminia in 220 B.C. opened up Umbria to Roman immigration, whose extent and consequences are not easily determined except that there were greater concentrations of people into town centers rather than hillforts.
		The aftermath of the Social War in Umbria was marked by other significant changes: an increase in public building as part of municipalization and the growth in the number of rural villas.
		Umbria's absorption into the political system of Roman Italy is borne out by the Cocceii Nervae from Narnia (the family of the Emperor Nerva that produced a consul in 36 B.C.) and by the Arruntii of Interamna (a family of great prominence during the early principate).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-11-03.html (1315 words)

	Points of Interest Umbria Holiday Home Umbria Vacation Rentals - Real estate
		An interesting artistic center in a magnificent position dominating the Tiber valley famous for its Roman and Etruscan remains, for its palaces, its churches and its suggestive medieval environment.
		Known as the “Balcony-rail of Umbria” and significant center for 14th and 15th c.
		The capital of the region of Umbria with a rich historic-artistic patrimony and a picturesque physiognomy.
	www.umbriangarden.com /pointsumbria.html (799 words)

	adventure cycling vacation Italy - Umbria Bicycle Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		There are many epithets connected to Umbria such as "Green heart of Italy", land of the saints, astonished nature beauty and region of traditional good wine and kitchen.
		Umbria is famous for its monasteries, churches, tiny villages, local food markets, truffles, wine, ceramics and hospitable people.
		Named by the ancient Romans, it was the scene of a great victory of the Carthaginian general Hannibal in 217 BC.
	www.ace-adventurecentre.com /new/umbria/umbria.htm (1039 words)

	WineCountry.it - Umbria Region Italy
		Eventually, the process of "Romanization" of the territory was completed by the emperor Augustus with the foundation of colonies such as Spoletium (today Spoleto) and the organization of the territory along the Amerinian Way that linked Nepet (Nepi) with Clusium (Chiusi).
		The Roman aristocrats, masters in combining business with pleasure, created the concept of villa a large farmhouse complex including an elegant domus (the master residence), rural buildings and huts for the sometimes hundreds of slaves who took care of the property and, scattered in the fields, the casae or “houses” of the farmers.
		Umbria was ruled by France from 1798 to 1800 and from 1808 to 1814, until the fall of Napoleon, when it was restored to the papacy.
	www.winecountry.it /regions/umbria (743 words)

	Parco Fluviale del Tevere - Points of Interest
		Furthermore, it represented the axis of penetration to the Roman State.
		Umbria and Lazio became in the Augustus Era, the "VI Kingdom".
		Roma's trade was very "lively" since Roman ships also reached those areas which were already famous for wine and oil.
	www.parks.it /parco.fluviale.tevere/Epun.html (777 words)

	Pipestone - Europe - Discover Umbria
		Umbria is Italy’s best kept secret, an unforgettable landscape where guests can keep its historical treasures and scenery all to themselves.
		Famous for the cities of Perugia and Assisi, Umbria sits in the heart of Italy, in a varied countryside of farms, forests and rolling hills.
		Umbria has a tremendous collection of small, medieval towns and villages, many dating back to the Etruscans.
	www.pipestonetravel.com /europe/sh_umbr.htm (443 words)

	Hotels Umbria Italy Umbria hotels Italy holidays in Umbria country house
		Umbria is proud to have in its own gastronomy the production of wines of excellent quality...
		Spoleto, even if shows evident traces of the Roman era even in its urban structure, substantially mantains a medieval appearance, due to the period in which it was first a flourishing longobard Duchy, and then an important city within the Papal State.
		Laying on the slopes of Monte Ingino, Gubbio is one of the most ancient towns of Umbria, extremely well preserved during centuries and rich of monuments testifying its glorious past.
	www.bellaumbria.net /home_eng.htm (339 words)

	Tuscany and Rome
		Umbria is recovering from a devastating 1997 earthquake that also damaged much of Assisi and its' St. Francesco Basilica.
		A gigantic, oval, four levels high in its heyday, marble structure, this was the amphitheater where 80,000 Roman citizens would come to be entertained by gladiators fighting wild animals and each other, and when they were done water was pumped in so naval battles could be staged (for pity's sake!).
		We wished to see the original Roman road, made up of stone blocks like the Via Sacra or the Roman road we found in Italica, Spain, but we found only a very small stretch of that type, surrounded by a more recent cobblestone road.
	www.karmabum.com /diary15.htm (8878 words)

	Marche Voyager - History of the Marche
		With the construction of the great highways such as the Via Flaminia, Roman dominion across Italy was consolidated.
		Under the first Roman Emperor, Augustus, the Marche was divided - the northern stretches formed part of the Roman Umbria, while the south was known as Picenum.
		The collapse of the regime with the fall of Napoleon was as rapid as its arrival.
	www.le-marche.com /Marche/html/history.htm (1681 words)

	JEWISH AND KOSHER ITALY - REGION OF MARCHE
		The beginning of the end was marked by the Roman conquest of the Etruscan city of Veio in 396 BC.
		Although at the time it was little more than an honorary title, the Holy Roman Empire thus founded was to last on and off for a thousand years and to become the focus of continual strife between the rival claims of successive popes and emperors.
		Increased security only returned with the revival of the power of the Holy Roman Empire under the Saxon King, Otto I. Trade and industry began to flourish and, while Emperor and Pope argued over who should rule, many of the cities of central Italy, the Marche included, had their first taste of independence.
	www.kosherdelight.com /ItalyMarches.htm (1946 words)

	heritage
		By 298 BC they had established a Roman mint in Ancona and by the beginning of the 2nd Century BC a Roman temple had been built on the hill overlooking the port.
		By the 1st Century BC the Marche region had become consolidated within the Roman territory and divided into two provinces - the northern stretches formed part of Roman Umbria, while the south was known as Picenum.
		Ambitious building projects continued during the reigns of the first Roman Emperors so that by the end of the 2nd Century AD a score of modern Roman cities, decorated with fine monuments, had transformed the Marche into a thriving civilisation.
	www.marcheworldwide.org /html/roman.asp?lingua=en (459 words)

	Foligno Pale, Its Caves and Waterfalls tourist information Foligno turismo a Foligno, hotel Foligno hotel farm house ...
		At the time of the Roman conquest of Umbria, this valley was inhabited by a population of shepherds and farmers who lived in small fortified villages built on impregnable hills.
		The Roman road ran through hilly terrain from the church of San Nicolò, upwards toward Belfiore and behind Carpineto.
		Among the most interesting are the remains of a large Roman acqueduct build between the 3rd and 4th century BC using large bricks encased in travertine for the decanting of water.
	en.umbriaonline.com /foligno_pale.phtml (997 words)

	Umbria rentals, holiday villas in Umbria, villa rentals in Umbria, Italian hotels
		Umbria is truly “Italy’s Green Heart,” a pastoral blend of lush green hills, enchanting forests and fields of sunflowers.
		Umbria rentals allow you to take advantage of the area’s many cultural resources—winemaking in Montefalco, Torgiano and Orvieto, for example, or sightseeing in the great cathedral city of Assisi, or enjoying music at the world-renown Umbria jazz festival in Perugia every July.
		Umbria rentals allow you to stretch your legs, but if Italian hotels are more your style, we are featuring three: Relais Ducale in the Umbrian hilltop town of Gubbio, Hotel San Luca in Spoleto, and Fiesole’s Villa San Michele in Tuscany, under an hour away by car.
	www.wimco.com /umbria.asp?vdid=527&vsdid=976&hdid=58&hsdid=0&gds=1&tr=1&gft=1&rst=0&tip=0 (309 words)

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