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Topic: Roman currency

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	Roman currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The main Roman currency during most of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire consisted of coins including: the aureus (gold), the denarius (silver), the sestertius (bronze), the dupondius (bronze), and the as (copper).
		The silver coin that became the backbone of Roman economy, the denarius, was first struck in 211 BC; valued at originally at 10 asses, it was retariffed in 140 BC to 16 asses (to reflect the diminished size of the as).
		The problem of debasement in the Roman economy appears to be pervasive, although the severity of the debasement often paralleled the strength or weakness of the Empire.
	grupos.xasa.us /wiki/en/wikipedia/r/ro/roman_currency.html (3438 words)

	Roman currency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the third century, the denarius was replaced by the double denarius, sometimes known as the antoninianus or radiate, which was then itself replaced during the monetary reform of Diocletian which created denominations such as the argenteus (silver) and the follis (silvered bronze).
		Although the denarius remained the backbone of the Roman economy from its introduction in 211 BC until it ceased to be normally minted in the middle of the third century, the purity and weight of the coin slowly, but inexorably decreased.
		It is clear from papyri that the pay of the Roman soldier increased from 900 sestertii a year under Augustus to 2000 sestertii a year under Septimius Severus and the price of grain more than tripled indicating that fall in real wages and a moderate inflation occurred during this time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_currency (3197 words)

	Roman Coins
		It's easy to see why many Roman coins were often struck off-centre so that part of the design was lost off the edge of the coin, or the coin did not have a uniform thickness.
		Roman coins did not have any denomination, per se--there was no numerical value printed on a coin.
		Roman coins are a common find on any site that has had Romans walking on it.
	detecting-finds.50megs.com /roman.html (836 words)

	currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Romans used a Greek style silver coin in addition to the As for about another one hundred years.
		Roman currency was based on a silver Denarius, struck at 84 to the Roman pound (322.5 grams), that was exchanged against gold coins or base metal fractional denominations collectively called Aes (a term that refers to copper and any of its alloys).
		In Roman tax collection, premiums were charged on payments in bronze so that the Tetradrachma was often exchanged at rates of 25 to 29 Obols.
	talismanunlimited.tripod.com /currency.htm (1452 words)

	Perspectives in Numismatics - Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage
		The subject of Roman numismatics spans almost eight hundred years, from early in the 3rd century B.C. to the Anastasian currency reform at the very end of the 5th century A.D. Although it began as the coinage of a relatively obscure central Italian city state, it quickly grew to become a large scale international currency.
		One further innovation of the major currency reform of circa 211 B.C. was the temporary introduction of three gold denominations, with marks of value expressed in terms of the new "sextantal" as (60, 40 and 20).
		A knowledge of the outline of Roman history in the 4th and 5th centuries is vital to an understanding of the complexities of the coinage during this period.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /projects/PiN/rc.html (7272 words)

	NBR Museum - The Circulation of Money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the aftermath of the conquest of Dacia, the Roman imperial denarius became the official coin in the new province.
		Even after the withdrawal of the Roman administration and army from north of the Danube (271 AD), the Roman currency continued to penetrate the territory of the former Dacia province and the adjacent extra-Carpathians areas.
		The Byzantine currency took over the Roman one to become the means of payment on the Romanian territories in the early Middle Ages until the 14th century.
	www.bnro.ro /En/Museum/E_aspecte.htm (625 words)

	Denarius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Classical regularly say that in the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire the daily wage for a laborer one denarius.
		The denarius was first struck in 211 BC during the Roman Republic valued at 10 asses giving the denarius its name which to "containing ten".
		In 118 BC it was re-tariffed at 16 asses reflect the decrease in size of the as.
	www.freeglossary.com /Denarius (308 words)

	J1902 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One route was from the Roman bases of Narona and Salona in the Dalmatian coast, through the rivers Neretva, Bosna and Sava, to the regions of Srem, Transylvania and Moldavia, as well as to the lower Danube basin.
		Roman arms had imposed the denarius as the premier silver coin in the Mediterranean world, and the Hellenic cities adjusted by placing the Attic weight drachm at par with it.
		The impact of the dominating Roman currency, within one generation of Augustus’; death, is eloquently clear.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/museum/19/p1902_3.html (557 words)

	Roman Currency
		At the start of the Republic, Romans were still using the barter system, and cattle -- pecus -- were the standard of exchange.
		The as, as it came to be called, weighed a Roman pound or libra -- about 335.9 grams or 0.74 pound -- and became the basic unit of exchange.
		The as and the denarius remained the most common coins, and their use fluctuated throughout the remainder of Roman civilization.
	www.dl.ket.org /latin2/mores/currency/currency.htm (487 words)

	Denarius
		The Roman currency system included the denarius, a small silver coin, as the most common coin in circulation.
		Classical historians regularly say that in the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire the daily wage for a laborer was one denarius.
		The denarius was first struck in 211 BC during the Roman Republic, valued at 10 asses, giving the denarius its name which translates to "containing ten".
	www.fastload.org /de/Denarius.html (344 words)

	Dead Romans: Coins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Roman coins offer a unique view into ancient Roman life because they were used by almost everyone on a daily basis, from the emperor down to the Head Count.
		It's easy to see why Roman coins were often struck off-center so that part of the design was lost off the edge of the coin, or the coin did not have a uniform thickness.
		Roman coins were being minted in Greece, Spain, Gaul, Lugdunum, Pergamum, and the East.
	www.deadromans.com /coins (5553 words)

	Wikinfo \| Roman currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the third century AD the denarius was replaced by the double denarius sometimes known as the antoninianus or radiate, which was then itself replaced during the monetary reform of Diocletian which created denominations such as the argentius (silver) and the follis (silvered bronze).
		The first silver coins struck in the name of Rome were a series of didrachms minted during the outbreak of war with Pyrrhus.
		The silver coin that became the backbone of Roman economy, the denarius, was first struck in 211 BC; valued at originally at 10 asses, it was retariffed in 118 BC to 16 asses (most likely to reflect the diminished size of the as).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Roman_currency (3406 words)

	Roman Currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Uncia formed the basis of the early Roman currency, as Rome gradually emerged from a bartering economy.
		The basis of Roman agricultural area measurements was the iugerium which was approximately 3000 square yards, and was what the standard area a pair of oxen were believed to be able to plow in one day.
		The early agricultural Roman society started its year in March and hence saw this as the first month of the year.
	www.roman-empire.net /diverse/measurements.html (252 words)

	Roman Currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Rockbridge Bloomery Smithing a roman currency bar Currency bars are found buried in the ground in caches.
		The main Roman currency during most of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire consisted of...
		ROMAN CURRENCY IN THE ERA OF INFLATION, 193-293.
	www.dbsfinman.com /roman_currency.htm (86 words)

	J1902 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Sicily, native currency (Hellenic and Carthaginian gold and silver coinages), which had been already ruined by intense warfare, disappeared from circulation by the end of the 3rd cent.
		As far as the East is concerned, the Romans had taken the opportunity to intervene across the Adriatic from the early 220s BC, when the Republic had to deal with what was perceived as a problem of Illyrian piracy.
		The leading city of the Delmatae was destroyed in 155 BC by Roman military intervention and this territory was converted afterwards to pasture, presumably for the benefit of Romans or Italians.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/214/21401m/presveis/Pages/museum/19/p1902_1.html (681 words)

	Roman Currency Bar Smithing - Rockbridge Bloomery
		Currency bars are found buried in the ground in caches.
		Lee and I have recreated the process of forging currency bars from bloomery iron.
		While the bloom is being wrought to the size of a Roman currency bar most of the large cracks and imperfections will weld themselves together to form a strong uniform bar.
	iron.wlu.edu /bloom2bar.html (594 words)

	Romans in Britain - Roman currency
		The Roman currency developed throughout the duration of the empire and was lead by the whims and desires of emperors coupled with the effects of inflation.
		It was the twelfth of a Roman pound of bronze, hence it was a 'Roman ounce'.
		Despite popular belief, this currency was not based on the Roman system.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /arl_roman_currency.htm (309 words)

	Wealth Of The Romans - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I was wandering if you people can help me find out about Roman currency, and who the richest people were in the times of the Roman Empire until the fall of the West.
		While the changing of weights of the gold denominated currency played some role, I believe that it was the over supply of copper coins and the botched attempts to address the resulting inflation that did more to damage the economy than any sort of debasement of the silver currency.
		Heck, I don't know if silver currency was even in widespread circulation during the crisis period where the Empire started taking its taxed in kind instead of in currency.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?act=ST&f=2&t=1246&view=old& (1680 words)

	COIN COLLECTING IS A FUN HOBBY !!!!!!!! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nearly all known specimens of the Continental Currency coinage were struck in pewter essentially, tin, and may have been considered as experimental pennies.
		The Continental Currency piece is similar in style to the Fugio cent, but is about the size of a silver dollar.
		Continental Currency pieces were originally struck in pewter, brass and silver.
	coincollector.clicksitebuilder.com (8099 words)

	Kitco Casey - Gold, Silver and Natural Resources Stock Quotes, Share Research and Analysis
		Asia, particularly, is now facing the fact that they are holding a depreciating currency for nearly all of their currency reserves and they are moving to diversify.
		The history of the Roman currency collapse was their own history and they were resolved to not let it happen again, even going to the extreme of hoarding up to 20 years' world gold production to make sure it didn't.
		We could be on the verge of a virulent period of having a world currency breakdown into competing and even warring currency bloc factions: a dollar bloc, a euro bloc, a probable renminbi bloc and a possible Islamic dinar bloc.
	www.kitcocasey.com /displaySpecialPrint.php?id=33 (6922 words)

	Roman365 Directory
		Roman Living History Groups throughout the world, from roman soldiers to ancient roman gladiators.
		Within our new community we have a fully featured forum, roman related newsfeeds with up to the minute information and a news publishing system that enables every member to participate and publish articles that everyone has the ability to discuss and post comments for.
		Additionally we will soon be adding an events calendar for members to post information about forthcoming roman events and we hope finally to integrate the directory here to make one very comprehensive and sueful roman resource.
	www.roman365.info /?M=A (270 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Roman Currency (c. 133 CE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Roman currency system included as the largest coin in common circulation the denarius,; a silver coin.
		Later devaluations may be understood by realizing that the Roman denarius gives the 'd' used in the abbreviation for the British 'penny'.
		The higher Roman currency, the gold aureus,; seems to have been a "currency of account," a denomination not commonly seen outside banks and treasuries (like the modern U.S. $100,000 bill).
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=740 (435 words)

	Wikinfo \| Denarius
		Even after the denarius was no longer regularly issued, it continued to be used as an accounting device and the name was applied to later Roman coins in a way that is not understood.
		The lasting legacy of the denarius can be seen in the use of 'd' as the abbreviation for the old British penny.
		The gold aureus seems to have been a "currency of account," a denomination not commonly seen in daily transactions due to its high value.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Denarius (420 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was president of Bel gium's Electronic Payment System, and has developed technologies for multinational corporations to use in managing multiple currency environments.\line He has helped developing countries improve their hard currency earnings and taught international finance at the University of Louvain, in his native Belgium.
		Bernard Lietaer was also the general manager and currency trader for one of the largest and most successful offshore currency funds.
		What's nice about local currency is that when people create their own money, they don't need to build in a scarcity factor.
	money.socioeco.org /documents/36rtf_Lietaen.rtf (3686 words)

	ON THE CONTINUOUS DEVALUATION OF THE ROMAN CURRENCY
		Roman inflation in Imperial times is a test on various theories about inflation.
		Roman currency was based on silver, immune to inflation, while social and budget problems, leading in modern times to inflation, were present since
		So I calculate the metal values of the Roman denarius from the First Punic War to Constantine I, and normalise it in such a way that the 211 BC denarius be the unit.
	www.rmki.kfki.hu /~lukacs/ROMLAS.htm (5243 words)

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