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	Wace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Roman de Brut became the basis, in turn, for Layamon's Brut, an alliterative Middle English poem, and Piers Langtoft's Chronicle.
		A large part of the Roman de Rou is devoted to William the Conqueror and the Norman Conquest.
		The relative lack of popularity of the Roman de Rou may reflect the loss of interest in the history of the Duchy of Normandy following the incorporation of continental Normandy into the kingdom of France in 1204.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Robert_Wace (611 words)

	Wace. Who is Wace? What is Wace? Where is Wace? Definition of Wace. Meaning of Wace.
		Robert Wace (~1115-~1183) was a poet, whose Roman de Brut (c.
		The Roman de Brut became the basis, in turn, for Layamon's Brut, an alliterative Middle English poem.
		His later work, the Roman de Rou, a verse history of the Dukes of Normandy, was commissioned by King Henry II of England.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Wace (142 words)

	Layamon - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Layamon, or Laȝamon (using the archaic letter yogh), was a poet of the early 13th century, whose Brut (c.
		Although based on the earlier Roman de Brut written in Anglo-Norman by Wace (incorrectly known as Robert Wace), itself based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, the poem is itself the first historiography written in English since the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
		Written in a loose alliterative style, and sporadically deploying rhyme, as well as a caesural pause between the hemistichs of a line, it is perhaps closer to the rhythmical prose of Aelfric than verse per se.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /layamon.htm (336 words)

	Identity and Cultural Exchange 600-1600: Philip Shaw, 'Constructing the English Gentleman...' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Judith Weiss, in the introduction to her edition and translation of Wace's Roman de Brut, notes that Wace '[...] is fascinated (as in the Rou too) by the origin of place-names and advances many fanciful aetiologies, sometimes at inordinate length'.(2.
		The English identity of the Brut is not based on an idea of historical ethnic identity, in which the Saxons are the ancestors of the English, and the Normans usurping aliens.
		The Brut's creation of audience identity reflects myriad possible audience identities, but its treatment of toponymic aetiology relating to northern France seems to reflect an audience whose identity was connected with this region, through mercantile or political interests in the area, or perhaps both.
	www.english.bham.ac.uk /medievalstudies/ice/Shaw.htm (2997 words)

	WACE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Wace wurde geboren auf der Kanalinsel Jersey, erfuhr seine kirchliche Ausbildung in Frankreich und beendete seine Karriere als Kanoniker in Bayeux; er schrieb in anglo-normannischer Sprache, dem in der Normandie und in England gesprochenen Dialekt des Altfranzösischen.
		Der Roman de Brut wurde wiederum die Basis für Layamons Brut, ein alliteratives Gedicht auf Mittelenglisch.
		Ein späteres Werk Waces, der unvollendete Roman de Rou, eine Geschichte der Herzöge der Normandie in Versen, wurde gegen 1160 von König Heinrich II.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/W/Wace (287 words)

	Imago Mundi - Roman de Brut.
		Roman de Brut, poème composé par Robert Wace, trouvère normand du XII
		C'est une chronique légendaire en 15 000 vers, de l'histoire bretonne, trouvée, dit-on, en Armorique par Walter ou Gualter, archidiacre d'Oxford, apportée par lui en Angleterre, communiquée à Geoffroi Arthur de Monmouth, bénédictin gallois, qui l'a traduite en latin à la prière de Robert de Caen, et que Wace mit en vers de huit syllabes.
		II a de cette princesse un fils nommé Silvius, qui règne après la mort d'Ascane, et qui, n'ayant pas d'enfants, laisse le trône à un fils d'Ascane, portant aussi le nom de Silvius.
	www.cosmovisions.com /textBrut.htm (516 words)

	Paradisi_passioni
		Interest in his Roman de Brut has tended to be confined to the Arthurian section of the work (where we find the first mention in medieval literature of the Round Table), whilst his Roman de Rou still suffers in academic circles from a form of generic uncertainty – is it literature, historiography, history?
		La Vie de Sainte Marguerite, La Conception Nostre Dame and La Vie de Saint Nicolas are placed within the context of their manuscript tradition, and Wace’s handling of his material is analysed in the light of his Latin sources.
		Paradisi explores the implications of the poet’s recurrent emphasis on onomastics and language change, and considers the political undercurrents implicit in the treatment of the passage of dominion from the British to the English, and in the way the history of the insular Church is depicted.
	www.rdg.ac.uk /AcaDepts/ln/Medieval/reviews/Paradisi_passioni.htm (702 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Roman de Brut [A History of the British] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We assume they are earlier than the “Brut” and the “Rou” because of their simpler style, containing fewer ornaments and personal references than his later poetry.
		Benoît de Sainte-Maure had dedicated his Roman de Troie to Eleanor between 1160 and 1170, and it was to him that Henry now turned for a ducal history.
		The battles of Britons versus Lucius' Romans and of Arthur versus Modret are pervaded with a crusading ethos.
	www.litencyc.com /php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=2345 (2332 words)

	Encyclopedia of the Celts : Wace - Wygar
		Both Tuatha De Danaan and the Fomoire have their counterparts in 'The Four Branches of the Mabinogi'(# 738), which may be said to constitute a Welsh 'mythological cycle'.
		While he was there, a local chieftain, who had long wanted to marry the girl, became so furious at her constant refusal that one June day he slashed at her with his sword and cut off her head as she sought refuge in the church that Beuno had built.
		In the middle of the twelfth century, Robert of Shrewsbury wrote a life of Winefride in which he tells us that immediately the evil deed was done the ground opened up to swallow her murderer, while from the place where the girl's head fell a stream burst out of the rock.
	www.celticgrounds.com /chapters/encyclopedia/w.html (6412 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Der Roman de Brut wurde wiederum die Basis für Layamons Brut, ein alliteratives Gedicht in Mittelenglisch.
		Wace wurde geborgen auf Jersey, wuchs auf in Frankreich, und beendete seine Karriere als Kanoniker in Bayeux; er schrieb in anglo-normannischer Sprache, einem Dialekt des Altfranzösischen.
		Ein späteres Werk, der Roman de Rou, eine Geschichte der Herzöge der Normandie in Versen, wurde von König Heinrich II.
	www.lexlkon.de /lexikon.php?title=Robert_Wace (124 words)

	Life of King Arthur
		Wace's Roman de Brut was a French adaptation of Geoffrey's Historia regum Britanniae, so it was not full translation of Geoffrey's work.
		De excidio et conquestu Britanniae ("The Overthrow and Conquest of Britain") was written by Gildas, before AD 570.
		Arthur told the captive Romans to return the body of Lucius Hiberius to the Senate, that this was his payment of his tributes to Rome.
	www.timelessmyths.com /arthurian/lifearthur.html (4231 words)

	Robert Wace
		Anglo-Norman author of two verse chronicles, the Roman de Brut (1155) and the Roman de Rou (1160-74), named respectively after the reputed founders of the Britons and Normans.
		The Brut may have been dedicated to Henry's queen, Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		Wace's conscious literary artistry in the Brut exerted a stylistic influence on later verse romances (notably on a version of the Tristan story by Thomas, the Anglo-Norman writer), whereas the English poem Brut (c.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/W/Wace_Robert.html (214 words)

	AllRefer.com - Wace (English Literature To 1499, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		His Roman de Brut (1155) is a long, rhymed chronicle of British history based on the Historia of Geoffrey of Monmouth.
		The Brut of Layamon is an English adaptation of Wace's chronicle; both were important in the development of the Arthurian legend.
		Wace's Roman de Rou is a chronicle of the dukes of Normandy and contains a famous description of the battle of Hastings.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Wace.html (206 words)

	Wace -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Roman de Brut (1155) by the Anglo-Norman author Wace was one such chronicle.
		Sanson de Nanteuil translated into verse the proverbs of Solomon, with commentary; and in the 13th century Robert of Greatham wrote the “Sunday Gospels” for a noble lady.
		The Brut is a reworking of the French-language Roman de Brut by the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?eu=77807 (547 words)

	Layamon's Brut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		From the scarce information that the author of the Brut supplies we know that he was a priest at Areley by the bank of the River Severn close to Redstone, which would indicate a south-west Midland dialect.
		The Brut is based on the Roman de Brut (1155) by the Norman Wace who relied heavily on Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (1138).
		The most important campaign is against the Roman Emperor Lucius, who is defeated but the treachery of Mordred ends the British conquest and ultimately leads to the end of the Arthurian society with King Arthur being mortally wounded and brought to Avalon to return in times of great peril.
	web.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de /~holteir/companion/Navigation/Anonymous_Texts/Layamon_s_Brut/layamon_s_brut.html (341 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It consisted of two parts, the _Estorie des Bretons_ and the _Estorie des Engles_, of which only the latter is extant, but the former is known to have been a rhymed translation of the _Historia_ of Geoffrey of Monmouth.
		He himself called it the _Geste des Bretons_ ("History of the Britons"), but it is best known under the title that appears in the manuscripts, the _Roman de Brut_, given to it by scribes because of its connection with Brutus, the founder of the British race.
		The Brut is a reproduction in verse of Geoffrey's _Historia_.
	mirror.pacific.net.au /gutenberg/1/0/4/7/10472/10472.txt (23897 words)

	Wace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Wace (~ 1115 -~ 1183) was a poet whose Anglo-Norman Roman de Brut (c.
		The Roman de Brut became the basis in turn for Layamon 's Brut an alliterative Middle English poem and Piers Langtoft 's Chronicle.
		Even though it was intended as a translation of that text, Roman de Brut incorporates some important fantastic...
	www.freeglossary.com /Wace (568 words)

	[No title]
		De plus, les événements relatés dans ces récits, qui sont toujours situés dans un endroit précis, se retrouvent parfois dans la toponymie, aussi bien en Bretagne armoricaine que sur toute l'étendue de l'île de Bretagne.
		Précédant de peu le roman en prose sur le même sujet, ce Roman de Brut en vers est la première uvre littéraire composée en français qui présente le roi Arthur, les personnages de sa cour, leurs caractères, les situations, les événements principaux de la vie seigneuriale.
		Après tout, il y a peu de différence entre Britain et Britanny, et si les termes employés en français sont ambigus, c'est qu'il y a quelque raison à cela.
	membres.lycos.fr /pfv/legende.html (3126 words)

	King Arthur: Wace, Layamon, and the Alliterative Morte Arthur
		He borrows full swing from Wace in translating the Roman de Brut into English and then piles on concepts of his own, including the idea that all that courtly love Wace introduced shouldn't be in there in the first place.
		Whereas Wace used imagery and vivid language to enhance his descriptions of deeds and loves, Layamon hearkens back to the Anglo-Saxon days, when things were straightforward and warriors didn't have time to pursue affairs because they were too busy keeping themselves from being killed in battle.
		The importance of Layamon's Brut is the focal point's being Arthur himself, with a court at London.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/historicalliterature4.html (799 words)

	Roederer Estate Brut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Vocative case 9: re ''Brut '''''e''' is the vocative case, whilst ''Brut '''''us''' would be the nominative case.
		The most common is brut, although in the early 20th century Champagne was 41: rkling wine, and spread it all other the world.
		Piers Langtoft 3: t of his Chronicle from Wace 's ''Roman de Brut '', and the second par...
	www.elusiveeye.com /side6762-roederer-estate-brut.html (636 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Brut
		According to tradition, Brut (the French form of Brutus) was the grandson or great-grandson of the Trojan hero...
		Art Brut (French, “raw art”), term coined by the French avant-garde painter Jean Dubuffet to describe art produced by people who, whether because of...
		Arthurian Legend, Brut, legendary first king of Ancient Britain, origins of Roman de Brut
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Brut.html (93 words)

	Episodes du roman de Perceval (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Les sculptures de la cathédrale de Modène en Italie (vers l'an 1100), qui portent les noms de protagonistes, relateront l'enlèvement de la femme d'Arthur par un mystérieux Roi de l'Autre Monde (le Chevalier de la Charette dans le roman de Chrétien de Troyes).
		Ce dernier texte sera traduit en gallois (Brut y Breninhed), puis adapté en français sous le nom de Roman de Brut, en 1155, par Robert Wace.
		Brut est le diminutif de Brutus, descendant d'Enée et ancêtre mythique des Bretons.
	www.insecula.com /oeuvre/O0002471.html (799 words)

	The Round Table
		The Roman de Brut is a translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae (completed by 1139), though his source for much of his project appears to have been a Varient version of Geoffrey’s text, of unknown authorship, which condensed and rephrased Geoffrey’s narrative.
		In later literature the origin of the Round Table is ascribed to Merlin (see Robert de Boron’s Merlin of c.1200), those who sit at it are seen as members of a chivalric group, and one seat is said to remain empty until it is filled by a knight who will achieve the grail quest.
		Le Saux, F. 1999a, ‘Wace’s Roman de Brut’ in W.R.J. Barron (ed.) The Arthur of the English.
	www.arthuriana.co.uk /n&q/round.htm (882 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Brut.
		Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference > Brewer’s Dictionary > Brut.
		A rhyming chronicle, as the Brut d’Angleterre and Le Roman de Brut, by Wace (twelfth century).
		Brut is the Romance word bruit (a rumour, hence a tradition, or a chronicle based on tradition).
	www.bartleby.com /81/2579.html (88 words)

	French Literature
		Les Romans de Chretien de Troyes: Erec et Enide, Le Chevalier de la charrette, andLe Chevalier au Lion (Yvain).
		Considered one of the key texts to Arthurian studies, the Brut is based on Geoffrey ofMonmouth's Historia regum Britanniae.
		Reconstructed from scattered fragments and translations, the Post-Vulgate is a considered acontinuation of the Vulgate Cycle, but unlike the Vulgate, this version was set in threephases.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jjd23/corecoll/french.html (442 words)

	Notes
		J.S.P. Tatlock thought that Layamon was "highly intelligent, [and] had high poetic gifts," and that "his sure-handed transformation of [the Roman de Brut] into a different medium shows a man of real powers." See The Legendary History of Britain: Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae and its Early Vernacular Versions (Berkeley, 1950), p.
		Neil Wright, however, has more recently produced convincing evidence that Layamon does not adhere to this distinction until "toward the end of the poem," and that he bases his distinction upon religion: the Saxons are pagan and the English are Christian.
		In the same volume, James Noble argues that the distinction is valid, and that it depends upon the Saxons' status as invaders as opposed to the lawful immigrants, the "Ænglis" who accepted "stewardship" of Britain after the great waves of plague during Cadwallader's reign; see "Layamon's 'Ambivalence' Reconsidered," Text and Tradition, pp.
	www.luc.edu /publications/medieval/vol17/17ch2n.html (1759 words)

	Arthur
		The work of Chrétien de Troyes marks the beginning of the trend away from tales of the King to the knights and ladies in his court.
		Queen Eleanor's court in Poitiers (established in defiance of Henry in 1170) was inspired by de Troyes most influential invention, the concept of "courtly love," and Eleanor's patronage of troubadours spread the idea to courts of Europe, where it met with similar enthusiasm.
		The result of the idea of "romantic love" was a liberation of upper class women from the status of objects of sex and property and their exaltation as women.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/a/arthur.html (2002 words)

	Medieval Technology Pages - The Roman d'Enéas
		The Roman d'Enéas, written by an anonymous Norman poet probably between 1155 and 1160, is the second of the three "romans d'antiquité" (romances of antiquity), written after the Roman de Thèbes (ca.
		Scholars agree that the Enéas was written shortly after Wace's Roman de Brut (ca 1155), before Marie de France's Lais, and certainly well before Chrétien de Troyes's romances.
		Chrétien de Troyes) runs about 8000 lines and can be performed aloud in about three hours or so.
	scholar.chem.nyu.edu /tekpages/texts/eneas.html (813 words)

	AIM25: Senate House Library, University of London: Fragment of Maistre Wace's Roman de Brut
		The work in question, Le Roman de Brut was a verse-paraphrase written in 1155, which was based on the history of Britain written by Geoffrey of Monmouth, and introduced the Round Table into the legend of King Arthur.
		Scope and content/abstract: Manuscript fragment in French, used as a pastedown and probably dating from the late 13th century, containing part of Maistre Wace's Roman de Brut, namely lines 6680-6710 and 6782-6812 (according to the edition published in Paris by Professor I. Arnold in 1938-1940).
		Publication note: E.D. Yeo, 'Wace's Roman de Brut: a newly discovered fragment', in Manuscripta, VIII (1964).
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cats/14/1294.htm (330 words)

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