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Topic: Roman departure from Britain

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	swuklink: Roman Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Caesar's attempts of 55 and 54 BC did not ensure the permanent of Britain by the Romans and, for almost 100 years, Rome was otherwise pre-occupied dealing with a rising of the Gauls against Caesar, civil wars in Rome and the necessity of protecting the eastern and northern frontiers of the empire against the barbarians.
		The Roman occupation of the British province was a military one.
		The Roman occupation of Britain, a province on the very ege of the empire, was primarily military and this was particularly true of Wales and Northern England on the very fringes and subject to danger of attack or revolt.
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGBRE.php (3174 words)

	Roman departure from Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Britain, stripped of all able-bodied men and women due to the adventurer Magnus Maximus's campaigns in Germany and Rome (383–388), called to Rome for help.
		All the men of Britain were sent to Londinium to be trained in the ways of combat to receive vast resources for building war machines and fortifications against attacks.
		Britain was left defenseless, and Constantine was eventually killed in battle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_departure_from_Britain (566 words)

	ORB -- Sub-Roman Britain: An Introduction
		To say that sub-Roman Britain was simply "Roman Britain in decay" is to overlook both its achievements (monasticism, penitentials) and the continuity with its Roman (Latin education, Mediterranean trade) and Celtic (La Tène jewelry, the bardic tradition) past.
		The situation was made worse by the withdrawal of troops from Britain by Magnus Maximus in 383, Stilicho in 402, and Constantine III in 407, all of which were the results of political and military turmoil on the Continent.
		The Ruin of Britain begins with an "historical" prologue which narrates the foreign and domestic wars plaguing Britain since the departure of the Romans, then turns into an impassioned sermon (a jeremiad in the true sense of the word) denouncing the crimes of current British rulers and the sins of the British clergy.
	www.the-orb.net /encyclop/early/origins/rom_celt/romessay.html (3626 words)

	channel4.com - Time Team - Roman roads in Britain
		The Roman surveyors – agrimensores – were not only extremely accurate in their work; they also had no need to worry about who owned or used the land along the way.
		Roman armies travelled with their own surveyors and engineers and whatever equipment they needed for construction work (including their nightly camps, which they would erect themselves at the end of each day's march) along the way.
		Roman roads were so effective that in the later empire they actually became a liability because invading forces could travel along them just as quickly as the Roman armies.
	www.channel4.com /history/timeteam/snapshot_romanroads.html (976 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Western Roman Emperors from 407-425
		Constantine was acclaimed in spring 407 in Britain to replace Gratian.
		Constans was the elder of the two sons of Constantine III who had rebelled against Honorius in 407 and controlled Gaul, Spain and Britain.
		After the defeat of Constantine III in 411 and the departure of Honorius' troops to Italy, Jovinus seized power at Mainz with the support of some Alans under Goar and Burgundians under Guntiarius.
	www.roman-emperors.org /westemp5.htm (2391 words)

	The 5th Century Anglo-Saxon Invasion of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The years between the collapse of the Roman government in Britain in the early years of the fifth century and the arrival of St Augustine at the end of the sixth were a period of significant change.
		Caister-by-Norwich, Roman Venta Icenorum, was originally built to Romanize the Iceni after Boudicca's revolution in 61 A.D. About the beginning of the fourth century, an area southwest of the city began to be used for an Anglo-Saxon cremation cemetery.
		For this paper, Roman refers to the native population prior to the departure of the Romans, and British refers to the pre-invasion native poulation of Britain after the Romans departed.
	members.aol.com /bakken1/angsax/asinv.htm (6472 words)

	[No title]
		The Roman usurpers: Magnus Maximus and Constantine III.
		DA 145.R65 3 Welsby, Derek A. The Roman military defence of the British provinces in its later phases.
		DA 28.1.A84 1982 4 Collingwood, R.C. Roman Britain and the English Settlements.
	academics.vmi.edu /english/hist-bib.html (2632 words)

	Timeline of Roman Britain
		The theory says that Castus' exploits in Gaul, at the head of a contingent of mounted troops, are the basis for later, similar traditions about "King Arthur," and, further, that the name "Artorius" became a title, or honorific, which was ascribed to a famous warrior in the fifth century.
		The recalled legion, known as the Sixth Victrix, was said by Claudian (in "De Bello Gallico," 416) to be "that legion which is stretched before the remoter Britons, which curbs the Scot, and gazes on the tattoo-marks on the pale face of the dying Pict." The barbarians were defeated, this time, at battle of Pollentia.
		Constantine III was hailed as the new emperor by Roman garrison in Britian.
	www.britannia.com /history/romantime.html (1479 words)

	Welcome to This Is Folkestone Kent .. people, places, and events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Folkestone, unlike her neighbours Dover and Lympne, was not blessed with a river or deep harbour waters suitable for anchorage of large ships and was therefore not suitable as a major port.
		It is thought that with the departure of the Roman's many coastal dwellers withdrew inland, to relative safety from coastal invaders, and that the Folkestone area was in the main uninhabited for many years.
		Following the Roman departure Britain was the site of many battles and struggles for supremacy between the Celts, Britons, Picts, Scots, and Saxons.
	www.thisisfolkestone.co.uk /history1.htm (207 words)

	Arthurian Britain
		Roman Britain was a civilized, peaceful cash cow that the occupying Romans milked systematically.
		When the Roman Legions were pulled from Britain and sent back to defend Rome from invading hordes, the bulk of the Roman colonial families stayed behind, clinging stoutly to their culture and heritage.
		For the century between the departure of the Roman legions and the explosive invasion of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the continent, Britain was a stewpot of dissension, lawlessness, famine, and strife.
	www.romanceeverafter.com /arthurian_britain.htm (846 words)

	Britannia: The Honorian Rescript
		This event is usually, erroneously referred to as "The Roman Departure from Britain" or something akin to that.
		The fact is that the bulk of the Romans had already departed the island long before, and Honorius' message was probably an official acknowledgement of that reality.
		In any case, for some years there may have been a lingering residue of nostalgia for their lives as Roman subjects, but, after this crucial point, Rome was unable to exert any further control over the citizens of its former province.
	www.britannia.com /history/bb410.html (187 words)

	Roman Britain, travel, tours, Vergil, Britain, study , Italy, Greece, Summer, Vergil, Vergilian, Cumae, Sicily, Turkey, ...
		With Julius Caesar's first expedition to Britain in 55 BC and his second in 54 BC, Britain was brought into Rome's sphere of influence.
		One of the major accomplishments of Rome in Britain was the urbanization of the island.
		A significant part of Roman life in the provinces was focused on the legions and auxiliaries stationed there.
	www.vergil.clarku.edu /britain.htm (943 words)

	manchester, roman britain, the northern empire
		It was founded by the Romans in about 60 AD as a strategic site for a garrison of occupying troops and as a harbour and an important base for the conquest of Wales.
		Roman Ribchester is brought to life at the local museum by dramatic displays which contain a life size cavalryman, Roman legionary and exciting interactive exhibits.
		The approach from the east along the course of the Roman road from Ambleside through the Wrynose and the Hardknott Passes is most exhilarating.
	www.backroadstouring.co.uk /ManchRomanBritain.htm (1194 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.8.5
		The end of Roman Britain, like the fall of the Empire of which she formed not an insignificant part, has always excited interest in the English-speaking world.
		MJ's treatment of the restiveness that Roman misrule would have provoked among the upper classes is compelling, and such discontent is by far the most important for the history of the province.
		Environmental problems are linked with Roman rule and the demand for goods from the Roman Army is seen as producing a downward spiral of overworking the land at a time when it was under pressure from changing environmental circumstances.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1997/97.08.05.html (1601 words)

	Roman London Journal Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Roman conquest of Britain began in 43 A.D., and by 47 A.D. eleven British kings had submitted to the Roman emperor Claudius.
		The Romans originally established their capital at Colchester (Camulodunum) and used London (Londinium) as a supply port.
		The Romans built the first London Bridge over the River Thames and constructed two major roads which approached the Thames from the South and intersected to the South of the bridge.
	www.cofc.edu /~mccandla/Romanjour.htm (196 words)

	Schools & Beyond: Roman Canterbury
		Roman Canterbury is well researched with particular emphasis given to archaeological evidence from local sites and artefacts, represented by a wealth of high quality illustrations, reconstructions and photographs.
		The development of a prosperous and thriving Roman provincial town is traced until its decline and eventual ruin in the early 5th century.
		We strongly suggest that Roman Canterbury is used together with a range of sources of information, including other books about the Romans for children to carry out further research.
	www.canterburytrust.co.uk /schools/romcant/romanpg.htm (3042 words)

	walking holidays in Britain with Sherpa
		There are no fixed departure dates - you can travel any day, walking for as long as you choose.
		You may visit places where Roman legions marched and fierce battles were waged.
		Dramatic scenery, castles, historic churches nestled amongst wild flowers, sleepy villages: these are all integral parts of walking in Britain.
	www.sherpa-walking-holidays.co.uk /tours/britain/britain.htm (228 words)

	Gildas
		Britain has rulers, and she has watchmen: why dost thou incline thyself thus uselessly to prate?" She has such, I say, not too many, perhaps, but surely not too few: but, because they are bent down and pressed beneath so heavy a burden, they have not time allowed them to take breath.
		The diverse peoples of Britain and Ireland are revealed not only by physical characteristics but also through structures and settlements, place names and dialects.
		Its vast scope considers the impact of prehistoric peoples and Celtic tribes, Romans and Vikings, Saxons and Normans, Jews and Huguenots, as well as the increasing population movements of the last century.
	www.postroman.info /gildas.html (531 words)

	ARLT :: Interesting review by Bettany Hughes of a different Roman Britain book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Indeed, the Roman conquest of AD43 is often presented as the end of the Iron Age in Britain, in much the same way that 1066 is held to mark the end of Anglo-Saxon England.
		It is not uncommon for new types to be created at important stages of a Roman's career; open any book on Roman portraiture and you are likely to read, for example, about an emperor's "accession type" as distinct from the type in use when the emperor-to-be was merely a prince.
		Roman coins may be indispensable ot the student of Roman portrait sculpture, and I applaud the efforts of the editors of Das romische Herrscherbild to incorporate a significant numismatic section in each new volume, but the evidence the coins provide is unlikely to be as definitive as art historians would like.
	blog.arlt.co.uk /blog/_archives/2006/7/8/2092074.html (3127 words)

	rogueclassicism: No Roman Invasion of Britain?
		A series of astonishing archaeological findings of Roman military equipment, to be revealed this week, will prove that the Romans had already arrived decades earlier - and that they had been welcomed with open arms by ancient Britons.
		Sussex and Hampshire became part of the Roman Empire 50 years before the invasion that historians have always believed was the birth of Roman Britain.
		Britain at this stage in history was not one unified country, rather some 25 tribes often at war with each other.
	www.atrium-media.com /rogueclassicism/Posts/00000850.html (977 words)

	CORSTOPITVM
		Brigantia was a Celtic goddess worshipped in Britain and on the continent, also known as Brigit or Bride, she was the patron deity of the Brigantes tribe of north-east England.
		Minerva was the Roman goddess of wisdom, war and the liberal arts, associated with the Greek goddess Athene.
		Apollo, also known by the Romans as Phoebus (the sun), was the son of Jupiter and Latona, and brother of Diana (a.k.a.
	www.roman-britain.org /places/corstopitum.htm (4368 words)

	CNN.com - Experts hail 'exciting' Roman find - April 26, 2001
		The discovery of hundreds of items of Roman armour rank among the most significant finds ever made in Britain from that period, archeologists said on Thursday.
		Among the pieces uncovered on the site of a Roman fort in Carlisle, in northern England, was a scale shoulder guard, believed to be a unique example of its type anywhere in the world.
		The Emperor toured the Roman frontier during that period and, following his visit to Carlisle, the building of the wall that bears his name began.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/04/26/britain.roman (482 words)

	sightseeing tour of england, Roman Britain
		This was the ancient capital of the Saxons and the Roman point of interest here is largely the street layout.
		In addition to this there are also long runs of city walls complete with towers, a bath house, and a museum that houses many city finds including tomb inscriptions, household implements, and a bust of Constantine the Great who was proclaimed Emperor here in 306 on the death of his father, Constantine the First.
		New Roman remains and exciting finds are almost being discovered almost monthly (in 1999 a rich and undisturbed tomb to a Roman Princess was discovered) and perhaps we’ll be on-hand to witness a major find!
	www.backroadstouring.co.uk /RomanBritain.htm (1379 words)

	Roman Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		the Romans defeated the Catvellauni and their allies in two battles on the rivers Medway and Thames.
		Gold, iron, lead, silver, jet, marble and pearls however were all exploited by the Romans in Britain along with more everyday commodities such as hunting dogs, animal skins, timber, wool and slaves.
		For what is known of the process that introduced English, a Germanic, not Celtic language, to much of this former Roman province, see the article Anglo-Saxons.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Roman_Britain (5723 words)

	Saints of July 5
		During the troubled times following the Roman departure from Britain, Saints Fragan and Gwen became refugees in Brittany, where many churches are dedicated to each of them.
		This Philomena is included in the old Roman Martyrology, whose cultus at San Severino (Septempeda) near Ancona, Italy, is unsatisfactory and bears a remarkable similarity to that of the Philomena honored on August 11.
		Zoë, a Roman matron, wife of a high official of the imperial court, is reputed to have been martyred under Diocletian (Benedictines, Encyclopedia).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0705.htm (1644 words)

	Early Britain--Roman Britain by Edward Conybeare - Full Text Free Book (Part 2/5)
		Roman army was splashing and struggling towards the shore of Britain.
		tribute to the Roman treasury, and, as Chief of the Cateuchlani, that
		thriving of the Roman settlements in Britain, and piteous was the
	www.fullbooks.com /Early-Britain-Roman-Britain2.html (16781 words)

	Amazon.com: Ghost of Glevum Mm (Libertus Mystery of Roman Britain): Books: Rosemary Rowe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pattern of Blood (Libertus Mystery of Roman Britain) by Rosemary Rowe
		Ghost of Glevum Mm (Libertus Mystery of Roman Britain) by Rosemary Rowe
		AfterGovernor Pertinax?s departure from Britain, Septimus, Mellitus and Praxus were power sharing until a successor was sent by Commodus.
	www.amazon.com /Ghost-Glevum-Libertus-Mystery-Britain/dp/0755305175 (1133 words)

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