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Topic: Roman festivals

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Meditrinalia

Angerona

August 25

Mercuralia

Veneralia

Bacchanalia

Lupercalia

Ops

Vertumnus

Bona Dea

October 11

Roman religion

Similarities between Roman, Greek, and Etruscan mythologies

Roman mythology

Saturnalia

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Roman mythology
		Roman mythology is the set of beliefs, rituals, and other observances concerning the supernatural held or practiced by the ancient Romans from early periods until Christianity finally completely supplanted the native religions of the Roman Empire.
		The original religion of the early Romans was so modified by the addition of numerous and conflicting beliefs in later times, and by the assimilation of a vast amount of Greek mythology, that it cannot be reconstructed precisely.
		The festival was celebrated on February 15 at the cave of the Lupercal on the Palatine Hill, where the legendary founders of Rome, the twins Romulus and Remus, were supposed to have been nursed by a wolf.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ro/Roman_mythology (2052 words)

	Roman Mythology - MSN Encarta
		Roman Mythology, body of religious and historical beliefs, and attendant rituals and other observances, held or practised by the ancient Romans from the legendary foundation of Rome in the 8th century bc (see Kings of Rome) until Christianity finally supplanted the native religions of the Roman Empire in the 4th century ad.
		The indigetes were the original gods of the Roman state, and their names and nature are indicated by the titles of the earliest priests and by the fixed festivals of the calendar; 30 such gods were honoured with special festivals.
		Early Roman cult was not so much polytheism as polydemonism: the worshippers’ concepts of the invoked beings consisted of little more than their names and functions, and the being’s numen, or power, manifested itself in highly specialized ways.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568005/Roman_Mythology.html (1270 words)

	Roman Mythology - MSN Encarta
		Jupiter was the Roman form of the sky-god whom the Greeks worshiped as Zeus.
		Each family’s property was purified once a year in one of the oldest Roman festivals, called the Ambarvalia, in which families took part in a procession around their fields and sacrificed a pig, sheep, and bull and offered prayers to the god Mars for the health and prosperity of the fields, flocks, and family.
		The modern tradition of the bridal veil goes back to the Roman practice of veiling a young woman who was leaving the protection of her father’s home for that of her new husband, and who was therefore in a temporary state of religious vulnerability.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568005/Roman_Mythology.html (2959 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The indigetes were the original gods of the Roman state, and their names and nature are indicated by the titles of the earliest priests and by the fixed festivals of the calendar; 30 such gods were honored with special festivals.
		Tarpeia Tarpeia was a Roman heroine, the daughter of Spurius Tarpeius, the commander of the Capitoline fortress at Rome.
		Her festival, the Floralia, was licentious in spirit (she was revered especially by courtesans since flowers are the sex organs of plants and she represented flowers) and featured dramatic spectacles, the passing of obscene medallions and love-making by friends and/or strangers.
	www.homepagez.com /latinproject/info.html (10851 words)

	Roman Festivals & Holidays
		The first day of the festival was dedicated to the arts, and those who practiced them would give Minerva sacrifices at her temple on the Aventine.
		This was mainly a plebean festival, and was celebrated at Minerva's temple in Rome.
		Festival in which public rites for Spes were held at her temple.
	www.musesrealm.net /rome/festivalsinfo.html (1895 words)

	Roman festivals - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most important festivals were the Saturnalia, the Consualia, the Lupercalia and the rites of the Bona Dea.
		August 13 - Nemoralia, the festival of Torches, in honor of Diana
		November 15 - Festival in honour of Feronia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_festivals (727 words)

	Roman mythology
		An archaic Roman, by contrast, would tell you that Ceres had an official priest called a flamen, who was junior to the flamens of Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus, but senior to the flamens of Flora and Pomona.
		The original religion of the early Romans was modified by the addition of numerous and conflicting beliefs in later times, and by the assimilation of a vast amount of Greek mythology.
		The transference of the anthropomorphic qualities of Greek gods to Roman ones, and perhaps even more, the prevalence of Greek philosophy among well-educated Romans, brought about an increasing neglect of the old rites, and in the 1st century BC the religious importance of the old priestly offices declined rapidly, though their civic importance remained.
	www.keywordmage.net /ro/roman-mythology.html (2203 words)

	Festivals
		Festival to Carmentis, the prophetess and mother of Evander, later seen a goddess of childbirth.
		It was a festival to the god of boundaries and probably originated in the country where farmers would meet their neighbors at the borders to their lands, agree on them and leave small sacrifices that their lands would not be invaded by any form of evil.
		Also, as part of the festivities, the normally-bound statue of Saturnus in the Forum was unfettered for the duration of the festival.
	histmyst.org /festivals.html (4832 words)

	Roman Mythology
		ROMAN MYTHOLOGY, various beliefs, rituals, and other observances concerning the supernatural held or practiced by the ancient Romans from the legendary period until Christianity finally completely supplanted the native religions of the Roman Empire at the start of the Middle Ages.
		The indigetes were the original gods of the Roman state, and their names and nature are indicated by the titles of the earliest priests and by the fixed festivals of the calendar; 30 such gods were honored with special festivals.
		arpeia was a Roman heroine, the daughter of Spurius Tarpeius, the commander of the Capitoline fortress at Rome.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Delphi/8991/roman.html (4901 words)

	The Games
		Roman passions ran high when it came to chariot racing and most supported one of the teams and its colours, - white, green, red or blue.
		In the festival known as the cerealia foxes with torches tied to their tails were hunted through the arena.
		In AD 501 during the festival of Brytae, when the green attacked the blues in the Hippodrome, even the illegitimate son of emperor Anastasius was among the victims of the violence.
	www.roman-empire.net /society/soc-games.html (5718 words)

	ROMAN FESTIVALS AND GAMES
		During this festival the Romans honoured their ancestors at the family shrines within their own homes, thus, all other temples remained closed and weddings were forbidden.
		The festival began with the sacrifice of two goats and a dog, then the bloody knife was touched to the foreheads of two youths of illustrious descent who must smile as they are touched, and afterwards, the blood was wiped from their faces with wool dipped in milk.
		The Lupercal, where the festival was celebrated, lay at the foot of the Aventine Hill, and was where the she-wolf was reputed to have reared Romulus and Remus, the twin founders of Rome.
	www.roman-britain.org /festival.htm (995 words)

	Roman Festivals
		Not even the "Romans of old," records Plutarch, "thought it shameful for a man to love male slaves who were in their season of youthful beauty." Most Romans thought it self-evident law of nature that attractive adolescent males, before they grew up and began to be desired by women, should be desired by men.
		Originally limited to one day, the festival was prolonged by an additional day after the happy termination of each of the three great revolutions of 245, 260, and 387, and thus at the close of this period it had already a duration of four days.
		The Roman empire was most responsible for the changes in the transition of the last great age about 2,160 years ago when we moved from the age of Aries to Pisces.
	www.carnaval.com /saturnalia/romanfestivals.htm (2738 words)

	Renaissance festival books - Festivals in the Holy Roman Empire
		In its basic form, the entry was ceremonial in character, an event in which the ruler with his retinue entered officially into one of the cities of his realm and was received by the dignitaries of that city with a standard set of ceremonies of obeisance or of feudal contract.
		While Renaissance festival culture was known, imitated and developed in the Empire, the imperial entry often remained untouched by the new developments.
		Protestant festivals were more restricted, being confined in general to the anniversaries of such important Reformation dates as the Peace of Augsburg or the conversion to Protestantism of a particular city.
	www.bl.uk /treasures/festivalbooks/empire.html (885 words)

	Religion
		In so far as the Romans had a religion of their own, it was not based on any central belief, but on a mixture of fragmented rituals, taboos, superstitions, and traditions which they collected over the years from a number of sources.
		To the Romans, religion was less a spiritual experience than a contractual relationship between mankind and the forces which were believed to control people's existence and well-being.
		This indirect threat to Roman power, together with the Roman perception that Jesus was claiming to be the 'King of the Jews', was the reason for his condemnation.
	www.roman-empire.net /religion/religion.html (4894 words)

	ROMAN MYTHOLOGY,
		Early Roman cult was not so much a polytheism as a polydemonism—the worshipers' concepts of the invoked beings consisted of little more than their names and functions, and the being's numen, or power, manifested itself in highly specialized ways.
		The Equiria, a festival in honor of Mars, was celebrated on February 27 and March 14, traditionally the time of year when new military campaigns were prepared.
		The temple of Isis and Serapis in the Campus Martius, built of Egyptian materials and in the Egyptian style to house the Hellenized cult of the Egyptian deity Isis, is typical of the heterogeneity of Roman religious monuments.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=220896 (2120 words)

	Roman Mythology - Crystalinks
		An archaic Roman, by contrast, would tell you that Ceres had an official priest called a flamen, who was junior to the flamens of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, but senior to the flamens of Flora and Pomona.
		The original religion of the early Romans was modified by the addition of numerous and conflicting beliefs in later times, and by the assimilation of a vast amount of Greek mythology.
		The transference of the anthropomorphic qualities of Greek gods to Roman ones, and perhaps even more, the prevalence of Greek philosophy among well-educated Romans, brought about an increasing neglect of the old rites, and in the 1st century BC the religious importance of the old priestly offices declined rapidly, though their civic importance remained.
	www.crystalinks.com /romemythology.html (2099 words)

	Ancient Rome :: Daily Life
		Romans would indicate the date by relating how many days it was before one of the dates mentioned above, unless it was the day before, in which case the term pridie was used.
		Festivals often included additional rituals to what was normally practiced, and if not celebrated correctly, the gods could become angry and cease their benevolence.
		The number of Roman holidays was originally few in number, but some of the oldest and most time honored survived untilt the end of the republic, preserving the memory of an ancient agrarian society.
	library.thinkquest.org /26602/timedates.htm (1395 words)

	The Roman Calendar
		Roman leaders, diplomats and soldiers, accordingly, would have become increasingly familiar with 7 day week as they established 'eastern empire." They would also have not tried to impose Roman 8 day system on local inhabitants of eastern provinces.
		Roman calendars, in addition to marking the nundinae, also contained letters that indicated what type of public business could be transacted on a given day.
		Romans also thought that the Kalends, Nones and Ides of each month as well as the fourth day of each month were unlucky days (the way we would think of Friday the Thirteenth).
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/roman.cal.htm (2701 words)

	Festivals - CaseWiki
		Marzeah is said to closely relate to the Greek thiasos, a cofraternal festival in which privileged men carry out cult practices in the form of a feast, gaeining wealth from their participation in the form of land and property.
		The ancient Aporreta festival was performed by women in honor of Demeter at sanctuaries in Peiraeus and Athens.
		The purpose of this was to cause laughter and arouse the deity of fertility-to revive agriculture.
	wiki.case.edu /Festivals (2467 words)

	Roma Goddesses and Gods
		Romans believed that the most important criteria to ensure that their prayers were answered and their requests granted was securing the favor of a particular goddess or god by the strict observance of religious rites.
		Believing that the goddess or god was an active participant in the festival meal, invitations were issued in his or her name, a place was set at the table for the goddess or god, and a portion of the meal was set aside for the goddess or god to enjoy.
		The only Roman god to be known by the same name as his Greek counterpart, Apollo was often depicted as a beardless young man carrying a bow and arrows or a lyre.
	www.blessingscornucopia.com /Rome_Roma_Roman_Ancient_Civilization_Roma_Goddesses_and_Gods.htm (778 words)

	Roman Religion \| Religion in Ancient Rome \| Latin Religion \| Religious Beliefs in Rome \| Questia.com Online Library
		In the earliest period of Roman state religion, Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus were the supreme triad.
		The Romans, however, tolerant of new gods and religions (provided that no harm was done to the state as such), adopted many foreign gods.
		Old Roman deities were equated with the Greek gods and accordingly endowed with their attributes and myths.
	www.questia.com /CM.qst?D=se1&CRID=roman_religion&KEY=rome_religion (1135 words)

	Wikinfo \| Roman festivals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This is a List of festivals in Ancient Rome, including religious feasts, normal games and political activities, organized by date.
		The most important festivals were the Saturnalia, the Bacchanalia, the Lupercalia and the Bona Dea rites.
		December 23 - Larentalia, a festival in honour of Larenta
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Roman_festivals (616 words)

	Worship of the Generative Powers: Phallic Festivals
		Besides the invocations addressed principally to Priapus, or to the generative powers, the ancients had established great festivals in their honour, which were remarkable for their licentious gaiety, and in which the image of the phallus was carried openly and in triumph.
		The phallus was similarly carried in procession, and crowned, and, as in the Liberalia, the festivities being carried on into the night, as the celebrators became heated with wine, they degenerated into the extreme of licentiousness, in which people indulged without a blush in the most infamous vices.
		The festival of Venus was celebrated towards the beginning of April, and in it the phallus was again carried in its car, and led in procession by the Roman ladies to the temple of Venus outside the Colline gate, and there presented by them to the sexual parts of the goddess.
	www.sacred-texts.com /sex/wgp/wgp08.htm (1563 words)

	NOVA ROMA ::: Religio Romana ::: Declaratio Religionis Romanae
		We hold that a Roman Pagan may be defined as a person who actively performs rites, rituals, and/or prayers to any or all of the gods and goddesses of ancient Pagan Rome as the majority of their spiritual involvement.
		These include the ancient Roman festivals, the rites of both Roman state and private religion, cults of the various deities, divination, the ancient Mystery religions, and Roman Pagan philosophy as well as other forms of ancient religious expression.
		We affirm that the Roman Pagan Religion was and is a civilized faith, empowering family, community and state to positive virtue and beneficial effect.
	www.novaroma.org /religio_romana/declaration_religio.html (877 words)

	Roman Spiritual Beliefs
		Ancient Roman worship incorporated an amalgam of diverse cultural beliefs that included Nature Spirits, "Numina"; ancestral and household deities, "Lares" and "Penates"; anthropomorphic goddesses and gods; small shrines like "Compita" which were placed at country crossroads and city intersections; festivals; and temples.
		Roman priests served at temples for the gods and priestesses at the temples for the goddesses.
		The expansion of the Roman Empire introduced some uniquely appealing Dieties to the Romans, resulting in the widespread worship of the Egyptian goddess Isis and the Persian god Mithra (Mithras), who was popular with the Roman legions.
	www.blessingscornucopia.com /Rome_Roma_Roman_Ancient_Civilization_Roman_Spiritual_Beliefs.htm (558 words)

	Introduction
		Roman dedication festivals led to the adoption of S Nicomede and S John Port-Latin, and in other ways the Roman influence is still traceable.
		The festivals of S David and S Chad were raised to greater dignity in 1415, the two new general festivals of the Visitation and the Transfiguration
		The next class of Sarum festivals is, however, not fully represented, and though perhaps a reason might be found to account for the exclusion of the four festivals which are passed over,[27] it is evident on reviewing the next class below that the choice has been arbitrarily made.
	www.oremus.org /liturgy/etc/ktf/intro.html (4964 words)

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