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	Primacy of the Roman Pontiff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primacy of the Roman pontiff is the apostolic authority of the bishop of Rome, from the Holy See, over the several churches that comprise the Catholic Church in the Latin and Eastern Rites.
		It is also termed "papal primacy", [1] "primacy of Peter", [2] or "Roman primacy"; [3] one might encounter "Peter in primacy over the universal Church," [4] "Successor of Peter", [5] and other related expressions.
		The present Eastern Orthodox churches, contrary to the teaching of, amongst others, Saint John Chrysostom, consider that the Bishop of Rome has a mere primacy of honor that, since the East-West Schism, is no longer in force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Papal_primacy (1329 words)

	Pope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The titles "Primate of Italy", "Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman province", and "Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City" are references to the legal and canonical authority of the Pope as defined by the laws of the Church and the Lateran Treaties of 1929.
		Historically, the official residence of the pope was the Lateran Palace, donated by the Roman Emperor Constantinus I.
		The primacy is therefore regarded primarily as a consequence of the pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the Roman Empire, a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th canon of the Council of Chalcedon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope (5303 words)

	In Depth Bible Studies
		As the Roman bishops attempted to assert themselves as the supreme authority over the Church they were resisted in both the east and in Northern Africa as the bishops of the other Churches did not recognize this newly emerging doctrine.
		The growth of Roman primacy, based on the concept of the apostolic origin of the Church of Rome, was incompatible with the Eastern idea that the importance of certain local churches-Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and later, Constantinople-could be determined only by their numerical and political significance.
		While Roman Catholicism is alone in teaching that the bishop of Rome holds supreme authority in the Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches hold that supreme authority resides in and is distributed among all of the local Churches.
	www.biblestudying.net /catholic8.html (5210 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Byzantium and the Roman Primacy
		The Roman Bishops, from the beginning, derived their prestige from the fact that St. Peter, the chief of the Apostles, had died and was buried in Rome.
		This, of course, does not mean that the Romans did not regard the activity of Peter in Rome as the main reason for their primacy in the young Church.
		Although the Roman version differed from the original, also read at the same last session of the Council by the Greeks, the Fathers did not protest against such a glaring declaration of the primacy of the Roman Church, and did not even question the authenticity of the Roman version of the Canon and its preface.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=1355 (8422 words)

	Nicholas Afanassieff. The Church Which Presides In Love
		This is due to the absence of a primacy capable of commanding recognition by all the Orthodox churches.
		The bishop possessing primacy acts with the agreement of the whole body of bishops: this agreement is made manifest in the council in which the primate bishop participates as its president.
		We see, then, that the primacy of Peter was not plainly manifested in the primitive church, and that we cannot positively assert the fulfillment of the promise given to Peter, at least not if we understand it as a promise of primacy.
	www.golubinski.ru /ecclesia/primacy.htm (17664 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Pope
		Besides the bishopric of the Roman Diocese, certain other dignities are held by the pope as well as the supreme and universal pastorate: he is Archbishop of the Roman Province, Primate of Italy and the adjacent islands, and sole Patriarch of the Western Church.
		In this case the dogma that the Roman pontiff is at all times the Church's chief pastor would be the conclusion from two premises -- the revealed truth that the Church must ever have a supreme head, and the historic fact that St.
		Peter is ever to be found in the Roman pontiff is almost universally held to be a truth revealed by the Holy Spirit to the Apostles, and by them transmitted to the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12260a.htm (11511 words)

	Evangelism Among Catholics: Part 2"
		The foundation upon which is mainly built the Roman Catholic system of religion is to be found in the traditional doctrine concerning the so-called primacy of Peter from which, at a later time, was developed that of the supremacy of the pope.
		The Roman Catholic interpretation of this passage is that Jesus Christ promised to make Peter in recompense for his solemn profession of faith in the divinity of his Lord, the rock-foundation for the support of the building of the church in the quality of chief pastor, ruler, and governor.
		Now, Roman Catholics reason that because the church was not to cease at the death of Peter, but was to continue pure and without error till the end of time, it was absolutely necessary that the same privilege of infallibility should have been transmitted to his successors, the bishops of Rome.
	www.charlesdailey.net /RCPart2.html (18215 words)

	Peter Mohila's Testimony to the Primacy of the Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		They insisted on only one point: the acknowledgment by the Greeks of the primacy which had always been the endowment of the successors of the Prince of the Apostles; and they concluded tacitly that if agreement were lacking on that, all efforts at union would remain without effect; if it were approved, everything was intact.
		Today, the Ruthenians are divided among themselves on the primacy of the Roman Pontiff (like the Greeks and Latins of old), and it is on that subject that uniformity, consensus and concord are desired.
		For him it was sufficient that the hierarchs of all rites formally acknowledge the Roman primacy in a common profession of faith pronounced in the three languages: Greek, Latin and Slav.
	credo.stormloader.com /Ecumenic/pmohila.htm (1767 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : The Epiphany of the Roman Primacy
		The terms "honorary primacy" and "primacy of honor" are foreign to the Gospels.
		Nicolas Afanassieff says the primacy of Peter, as understood by Catholics, would certainly "have become clear and manifest in the course of early Church history" if it were true.
		Non-Catholic critics of papal primacy assert that papal primacy was created by the exaggerated claims the popes made for their office.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=586 (1813 words)

	Touchstone Archives: Paths & Polemics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		To put it bluntly, she knows a different Christ from that of the Roman Catholic Church.”; This is the note sounded throughout the book—that in every respect the differences in doctrine and practice between the two churches are to be seen as mutually exclusive and incompatible.
		Rome rejected the canon because it had a different understanding of the basis of its acknowledged primacy, namely, that it owed its primacy to the alleged fact that its bishop was the sole successor of St. Peter.
		Part two, on the Roman primacy, is subdivided into two sections, one on “Oldest Documents: Earliest Christian Documents Reveal the Primacy of Peter in the See of Rome,”; which consists of a study of various passages from and about the Epistle of St. Clement of Rome to the Corinthians (c.
	www.touchstonemag.com /archives/print.php?id=13-07-033-b (3404 words)

	The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. IX: Petri - Reuchlin (pope_papacy_papal_system)
		By this policy the emperors cooperated in speeding the way to the general recognition of the pope's primacy in the Church, and to that course of events which began to prevail shortly after the middle of the eleventh century.
		But this is not to imply that, even in the states where Roman Catholics are in the majority, he enjoys a sovereignty over Roman Catholic citizens on like terms with the civil power; nor that his position in respect to civil governments is to be deemed equivalent to that between two independent sovereigns and states.
		With the restoration of the Holy Roman Empire (q.v.) by Otto I. the Romans were obliged to promise that no pope should be elected or consecrated without the approval of himself or his son, thus giving the emperors an influence on papal elections which was hitherto unprecedented.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc09.pope_papacy_papal_system.html (4218 words)

	The Benedictine Network: Source Document I
		Roman authority resulted from such ecclesiastical consensus (human nature) and historical reality (environmental nurturing) of the Roman Empire and its own institutions carried forward in the guise of the Roman Church.
		Roman primacy is politically based — on the fact that Rome was the seat of the empire.
		Thus, primacy is the primacy of Christ, exemplified by the People of God, whom the bishops teach, preach to, and sanctify following witness of the apostles in the power of Orders and Jurisdiction.
	www.whiterobedmonks.org /netsor1.html (3163 words)

	Milton V. Anastos - 21. The theory of the pentarchy and Byzantine arguments against the Roman primacy
		Confidence in the supremacy of the see of Constantinople was promoted also by the Arab invasions of the seventh century, which had overrun the lands of the eastern patriarchates (Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem) and left Constantinople as the chief custodian of their authority and influence.
		Similar tendencies were encouraged by the anti-Latin fervour that arose in the course of doctrinal disputes with Rome and as an aftermath of the sack of Constantinople in 1204.
		Doxapatris insists strongly on the primacy of the Church of Constantinople, which he regards as inherited from Rome because of the transfer of the capital and because Rome had fallen into the hands of the barbarians.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/milton1_21.html (3858 words)

	PAPAL AUTHORITY AT THE EARLIEST COUNCILS (This Rock: January 1991)
		A papal primacy of jurisdiction, then, was without doubt accepted by the middle of the fifth century, although, then as now, there was resistance to particular acts of Roman authority on the part of various bishops.
		The Roman synod of 485 states that the Nicene fathers "referred the confirmation of things and the authority to the holy Roman Church,"[Rivington, 164.] although there is no original documentary evidence of this.
		Frend's claim that the Eastern tradition excluded Roman primacy at this stage of history and that the "sporadic" papal claims to universal jurisdiction were "denied or ignored by those to whom they were addressed" is at best an argument from silence and does not seem well-supported by the available evidence.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1991/9101fea2.asp (1866 words)

	2nd Refutation of the Reductio ad Absurdum Argument for a Pauline Papacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The same Roman Catholic council claims that the bishops of Rome were always perceived as having universal jurisdiction as the exclusive successors of Peter.
		It is true that the primacy of the Roman bishop is not a biblical concept, strictly-speaking.
		The Roman church here, without being asked (as far as appears), gives advice, with superior administrative wisdom, to an important Church in the East, dispatches messengers to her, and exhorts her to order and unity in a tone of calm dignity and authority, as the organ of God and the Holy Spirit.
	ic.net /~erasmus/RAZ353.HTM (14767 words)

	Scott Windsor Responds to William Webster
		They never denied that Rome had a primacy, but it was interpreted as a primacy of honor since the Church was located in the capital of the Empire and was the site of the martrydom of Peter and Paul.
		It was not a primacy of universal jurisdiction.
		According to that Council and the claims of Roman Pontiffs historically the primacy of Rome is not merely a primacy of honor and of shepherding but of jusridiction and rule.
	www.a2z.org /acts/windsorandaugustine.htm (15350 words)

	TCRNews.com, James Likoudis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Whatever positive elements there are in Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology lead directly to a Catholic profession of faith in the divine prerogatives of the Successor of Peter as visible head of the Church Militant and the Rock of the entire visible Episcopate which succeeds to the place of the Apostles.
		Cyprian never repudiated the primacy of the Roman Church; he even requested the Pope to depose heretical bishops (a fact that refutes the simplistic idea of "the full equality of all bishops").
		It is the Primacy of Christ (1 Coloss.1:18) that is manifested in the Primacy of Peter's Successor in the hierarchy of the Church.
	www.tcrnews2.com /likoudis.html (5389 words)

	The Catholic Legate
		Rather, ecclesial primacy (not “dominion”) was given to the Papacy by Christ Himself and thereafter entrusted to the Romans by Peter.
		These popish eisegetes begin with the errant conclusion that "the Roman bishop has always been the head of the Church", and then scour history for anything which they can twist and shape into a premise to support it—and fraud and deceit are an entirely acceptable means toward that end.
		By a positive declaration, the validity of all future laws was limited to the dominions of their peculiar author; unless he should think proper to communicate them, subscribed with his own hand, for the approbation of his independent colleague.
	www.catholic-legate.com /dialogues/canon6.html (9189 words)

	TCRNews.com The Divine Primacy of the Bishop of Rome, Letters to a Greek Orthodox by James Likoudis:Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		TCRNews.com The Divine Primacy of the Bishop of Rome, Letters to a Greek Orthodox by James Likoudis:Table of Contents
		Letter 18- Vatican Council II on the Primacy of Peter Continued in the Church
		Letter 19- The Early Church on the Primacy of the Roman Church
	www.tcrnews2.com /likoudisTC.html (647 words)

	THE EPIPHANY OF THE ROMAN PRIMACY (This Rock: February 1997)
		In the formative centuries the Roman bishops’ exercise of unique authority as final arbiter of faith and morals was never condemned as unwarranted.
		John Meyendorff explains the "honorary primacy" of Rome in early centuries this way: "[Rome’s] numerical importance, its central [geographical] position, and, above all, the unshakable orthodoxy of its bishops justified its primacy."
		The Church’s memory "cannot have failed to preserve what was most important." He claims that early Church history does not show the bishops of Rome exercising universal jurisdiction.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1997/9702eaw.asp (1760 words)

	Vatican restates primacy of Roman Catholic Church: 9/6/00
		Vatican restates primacy of Roman Catholic Church: 9/6/00
		VATICAN CITY -- Asserting the primacy of the Roman Catholic Church, the Vatican issued a declaration yesterday rejecting what it said are growing attempts to depict all religions as equal.
		The idea that "one religion is as good as another" endangers the church's missionary message, the declaration said.
	www.s-t.com /daily/09-00/09-06-00/a02wn034.htm (467 words)

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