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	channel4.com - Time Team - Roman roads in Britain
		Roman roads were the communication arteries of their day.
		The road usually took the form of an embankment, raised above the level of the surrounding land, with drainage ditches on either side.
		Roman roads were so effective that in the later empire they actually became a liability because invading forces could travel along them just as quickly as the Roman armies.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/T/timeteam/snapshot_romanroads.html (976 words)

	Roman road - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Roman roads were essential for the growth of their empire, by enabling them to move armies speedily and by sustaining land transport for Roman mercantilism.
		Roman roads vary from simple corduroy roads to paved roads using deep roadbeds of tamped rubble as an underlying layer to ensure that they kept dry, as the water would flow out from between the stones and fragments of rubble, instead of becoming mud in clay soils.
		Indeed, one of the symbols of Roman authority was the fasces, a bundle of whips.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_road (3365 words)

	Roman Britain - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Roman Britain is the term applied to the historical period when Britain was under Roman rule, usually considered AD 44 to 410.
		When Hadrian reached Britain on his famous tour of the Roman provinces around 120, he directed an extensive defensive wall, known as Hadrian's Wall to be built from the Tyne to the Solway Firth, which became the northern frontier of the province.
		During their occupation of Britain, the Romans built an extensive network of roads, many of which are still in use today.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /r/ro/roman_britain.html (1365 words)

	Romans in Britain - Roman roads
		The reason the Roman roads were so strong, was due to the foundations that were laid and the techniques used in the design.
		In Roman times, highway robbers who preyed on unsuspecting traveler were common, and this extra ditch was mainly to protect anyone using the road from a surprise attack from the undergrowth.
		The Romans were noted for their straight roads that hardly deviated in course from one town to another no matter how far apart they were.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /inv_roads.htm (2180 words)

	AllRefer.com - Roman roads (Ancient History, Rome) - Encyclopedia
		The roads often ran in a straight line, regardless of obstacles, and were efficiently constructed, generally in four layers of materials; the uppermost layer was a pavement of flat, hard stones, concrete, or pebbles set in mortar.
		Roads were built or rebuilt by the Romans throughout the empire in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
		The most ancient were the Ostiense Road to Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber; the Praenestine Way SE to Praeneste; and the Latin Road or Latin Way to a point near Capua where it later joined the Appian Way, which was the first of the great highways.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Romanroa.html (563 words)

	Articles - Roman Britain (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Roman Britain is the term applied to that part of Britain lying within the Roman Empire (which never extended to the whole island).
		In Britain, a governor's role was primarily military but numerous other tasks were also his responsibility such as maintaining diplomatic relations with local client kings, building roads, ensuring the public courier system functioned, supervising the civitates and acting as a judge in important legal cases.
		Britain came under increasing pressure from barbarian attack on all sides towards the end of the 4th century, and troops were too few to mount an effective defence.
	www.techize.com /articles/Roman_Britain (4898 words)

	Roman Roads
		The East Midland road system is based almost wholly upon the Romans' main North Road, Ermine Street, which traverses the whole region in its course from London to Lincoln, and eventually to York, the northern capital of the Province.
		This Roman road continued straight on near the railway to Sandy, a fact which the modern driver can reflect upon as he follows slowly behind lorries along the present twisting course of A1 (since straightened and double-tracked).
		Curiously, there are many examples of the Roman road running close to the route of a modern road, quite abandoned and traceable merely by crop marks or a slightly raised agger.
	www.biffvernon.freeserve.co.uk /roman_roads.htm (1437 words)

	Contruction and Makeup of Roman Roads (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chevallier also quotes Broise in the discussion of road surfaces, saying that there are places where the excavated road is found to be a series of layers of gravel as thick as a meter, the result of numerous resurfacings (87).
		Romans were fortunate when building mountain roads that the road did not have to keep to a gentle incline.
		In closing, it is most important to remember that the ancient Roman road consists of three layers: a bottom foundation layer, often of stone; a middle layer of somewhat softer material (such as sand or gravel); and a surface, or “metalling,” usually a gravel, sometimes paving stones.
	www.unc.edu /courses/rometech/public/content/transport/Adam_Pawluk/Contruction_and_Makeup_of_.htm (3192 words)

	British Archaeology magazine, October 2002
		Britain, one of the provinces furthest from Rome, was provided with a road system which in total length is comparable with our modern trunk road and motorway network.
		This indicates that the grids predate the roads, and that roads were built to serve settlements, at least the larger ones, rather than being arbitrarily imposed across the landscape.
		The fact that the Roman road network we are familiar with today appears to be centred on London is a result of the rapid rise and dominance of the town.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba67/feat1.shtml (2178 words)

	Roman roads in Britain
		In building their network of roads the Romans mostly ignored the Celtic paths, partly because the Roman towns and forts were built on new sites away from the Celtic settlements.
		The minor roads (sometimes called "economic roads") were also built by the Roman army to link economic centres, such as the Mendip lead mines and the Nene potteries, with administrative capitals like Silchester, and the coastal ports.
		A clue to the existence of former Roman roads is the prefix "street", as in Streatley, or Streatham.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/Roman_Roads.htm (731 words)

	BBC - Romans - Roads and Places
		Winding roads may be interesting to walk along but it takes you a lot longer to get where you are going and bandits and robbers can be hiding around bends.
		Roman roads were carefully built to slope down from the middle to ditches on either side.
		When they were building roads in a boggy place, Romans would build the foundations with sticks and sheepskins to stop them sinking.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/romans/roads.shtml (330 words)

	Roman Roads
		After the fall of the Roman Empire the road system fell into a state of disrepair and by the end of the Middle Ages, there was in effect no road system in the country.
		This lack of resources meant that the first major road was not established until the latter part of the seventeenth century.
		In exchange for building and maintaining the road the owners are paid a toll by the government for each vehicle using the road, a sort of modern turnpike system.
	www.streetworks.fsnet.co.uk /roman/romanroads.htm (1231 words)

	Roman Britain - The Roads (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Roman roads in Britain have received a lot of attention - possibly because the survival of the Antonine Itineraries served as a focus for early antiquarians and later archaeologists, but also because the road network was so extensive that virtually every local archaeological society has a piece of Roman road in their patch.
		The roads however served essentially as strategic lines of communication and a facility for the rapid movement of the Roman army.
		The earliest modern account of Roman roads in Britain was that of Thomas Codrington, published in 1903, [on-line
	home.freeuk.net /britannica/roads.htm (181 words)

	Ancient Roman Economy
		Romans did use a limited form of 2 tier crop rotation, but crop production was largely low output and required a vast number of slaves to operate at any volume.
		Romans thrived off of its imports, and importers were among the wealthiest citizens of the Empire.
		Roman coins were greatly detailed and of high artisanship, and often were used as tools by the Emperors to circulate various forms of news and propaganda to the people and the world.
	www.unrv.com /economy.php (982 words)

	Highways Agency - A brief history of our roads
		Roman roads were built mainly for the armies to conquer other countries, letting them travel quickly and safely, but, they were soon used for trade and for people to simply go from one city to another.
		Roman roads were built in a straight line as they did not have to worry about who owned the land or the effect of the roads on the environment.
		Each parish had the responsibility for the roads in their area and local people were forced by law to work unpaid to keep the roads maintained.
	www.highways.gov.uk /knowledge/1813.aspx (1609 words)

	British Archaeology, no 27, September 1997: Features
		Mention the Romans, and one of the first things that people tend to think about is Roman roads.
		Roads are important to people because they affect the ways in which the landscape is perceived, and in particular our understanding of who controls it.
		Roman roads restructured the landscape of Roman Britain both physically and symbolically.
	www.britarch.ac.uk /ba/ba27/ba27feat.html (2934 words)

	Roman Britain - The Roads (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Roman roads in Britain have received a lot of attention - possibly because the survival of the Antonine Itineraries served as a focus for early antiquarians and later archaeologists, but also because the road network was so extensive that almost every local archaeological society has a piece of the Roman road network in their patch.
		The roads however served essentially as strategic lines of communication and a facility for the rapid movement of the Roman army...and tax collector !
		The excavation of the recently discovered (Jan 2000) Roman port 150 miles upstream on the river Severn should shed further light on the extent of riverine transport.
	www.btinternet.com /~britannica/roads.html (218 words)

	Roman Roads in Britain on AboutBritain.com
		The Roman Governor Paulinius, in AD61, marched his troops from Holyhead and lured the Iceni Queen, Boudicea, and her army to a large field in The Midlands.
		Roman roads in Britain were needed to maintain control over the country - it was important for troops to be transported with little problem from place to place.
		Due to the primitive survey technology of the time, most Roman roads were made in a straight line.
	www.aboutbritain.com /Articles/roman-roads-in-britain.asp (615 words)

	Roman Roads: Viae Romanae
		Palma, A., "Le strade romane nelle dottrine giuridiche e gromatiche dell'età del principato," AAN 89 (1978) 283-312.
		Madjarov, Mittko, "A Roman Road from Philippopolis to the Aegean Sea through the Rhodopes," Bulletin of the Museums of South Bulgaria 14 (1988) 97-104.
		Trojani, M., "The Roman Road from Mazaca Caesarea to Tavium in relation to the Calis Milestone," Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Archaeology (1978) 273-286.
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/viaeromanae.html (7903 words)

	Roman Roads in Britain Web Resource Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Roman Roads in Lancashire This is a page created by Lancashire County Council.
		Roman Roads that reshaped the LandThis is a short article about a Thesis which is quite interesting.
		Roman Road Bibliography This is a seperate page I have created of Journal articles about Roman Roads in Britain.
	www-users.york.ac.uk /~nb143/Docs/RomanRoads.html (496 words)

	Life In Roman Britain
		Roman Britain was, of course, an agricultural society where most people made their living from farming (although there were many craftsmen).
		The Romans are also famous for the network of roads they built across Britain, which remained centuries after they departed.
		The Romans introduced their own gods but they were often very similar to the Celtic ones.
	www.localhistories.org /romlife.html (1108 words)

	The Romans in Britain - fun site for 7-11 year olds
		It was built to protect Roman Britain from raids by the Picts and Scots.
		It was important for the Roman army to be able to move soldiers and all their baggage around the country.
		The reason for building the road was to make sure that the Roman Army could march into central England easily once they arrived at the shore.
	www.brims.co.uk /romans/building.html (619 words)

	Roman Empire - Roman Roads
		Roman Empire Map: The reproduction map was scanned and printed as one long page.
		It shows all the ancient roads to the towns and villages with the mileage between each site.
		The intent is to attempt to replicate what the original scroll may have looked like.
	www.romanroadmap.com /Roman_Empire_Map.html (442 words)

	TANATVS
		A known Roman road exits from the north-east gate of the civitas capital at Canterbury, crosses the Great Stour near Sturry, and proceeds along the west bank of the river to Upstreet, where the road apparently ended.
		The only extant road which may be of Roman origin is the A253 between Sarre at the extreme western tip of Thanet, and Manston Aerodrome at the highest point on the island.
		The existance of a Roman road beneath the modern A253 is substantiated only by the suspiciously named 'Mount Pleasant', near Telegraph Hill north of Minster, a name which is often associated with Roman roads.
	www.roman-britain.org /places/tanatus.htm (1587 words)

	AbeBooks: Search Results - Margary and Roman Roads
		The purpose of the works is to re-discover the system of Roman roads in its heyday, to show where we can find them and what to expect if we examine them now.
		Roman Roads in the South-East Midlands [With a Foreword by I.D. Margary]
		Aside from the fascinating glimpses of Roman Britain the aerial photos give us, they also unwittingly reveal how very rural the country was, and how quiet her roads, even in the 1950s.
	www.abebooks.co.uk /search/sortby/3/an/Margary+/tn/+Roman+Roads (1979 words)

	Historical Maps
		Routes of the road system built by the Romans in Britain to facilitate troop movements and travel about the island.
		Area of eastern Britain ceded to Danish invaders by "Peace of Wedmore" during the reign of Alfred the Great.
		Map of Saxon Britain and the kingdoms of the Heptarchy, drawn in the eighteenth century.
	www.britannia.com /history/histmaps.html (224 words)

	Roman roads
		The most ancient were the Ostiense Road to Ostia at the mouth of the Tiber; the Praenestine Way SE to Praeneste; and the Latin Road or Latin Way to a point near Capua where it later joined the
		The three roads from Rome to the north were connected with others crossing the Alps by the great Alpine passes—Alpis Cottia (Mont Genèvre), Alpis Graia (Little St. Bernard), Alpis Poenina (Great St. Bernard), the Brenner Pass, and others leading into Rhaetia and Noricum.
		Romans, roads, and romantic creators: traditions of public property in the information age.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0842316.html (553 words)

	Roman roads — FactMonster.com
		The roads often ran in a straight line, regardless of obstacles, and were efficiently constructed, generally in four layers of materials; the uppermost layer was a pavement of flat, hard stones, concrete, or pebbles set in mortar.
		Roads were built or rebuilt by the Romans throughout the empire in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
		The chief roads leading from Rome to the regions across the Apennines and to the Adriatic were the Salarian Way to Ancona and the Valerian Way to Aternum (Pescara).
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0842316 (455 words)

	BBC - Beyond the Broadcast - Making History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Romans probably named them after important figures in the road building - either the man who ordered their building or the chief engineer on them.
		To take the best known Italian example, the first of the great Roman roads in Italy, the Appian Way (Via Appia), is named after Appius Claudius Caecus, the censor who began the road.
		However, we do not know what the Romans called the British roads - it is not recorded after whom they were named.
	www.bbc.co.uk /education/beyond/factsheets/makhist/makhist8_prog12c.shtml (230 words)

	Roman Roads
		The Romans were famous for their roads, and this page describes how Roman roads were built, and how you could use the topic in the classroom.
		The Romans built roads so that the army could march from one place to another.
		You could ask the children to find the location of more Roman roads using different reference sources, and they could also find out the Roman names for the towns and cities which are joined by the roads.
	www.teachingideas.co.uk /history/romanrd.htm (404 words)

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