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	Roman Theatre Index
		Horace - A biography of the Roman philosopher and dramatic critic Quintus Horatius Flaccus.
		Roman Theatre - An analysis of the development and decline of Roman theatre.
		Roman Tragedy - A brief overview of Roman tragic drama.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/roman.html (224 words)

	History of Ancient Theatre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If theatre is to be defined as involving the art of acting a part on stage, that is the dramatic impersonation of another character than yourself, we begin with Thespis.
		Although Roman theatre may not be held in the same high esteem as that of the Greeks, we have inherited much from the influence of the Roman Theatre, including the word "play" itself, which derives from a literal translation of the Latin word ludus, which means recreation or play.
		However, the greatest impact Rome may have had on the theatre was to lower it in the esteem of the Church -- an impact that was to retard the growth of the dramatic arts for several centuries.
	www.tctwebstage.com /ancient.htm (1363 words)

	413 Roman Theatre, Classical Drama and Theatre
		The typically conservative and tradition-minded Romans of Republican times were suspicious of theatre's corrupting influence—or was it its anesthetizing esthetic?—a danger all the darker in the shadow of a permanent theatre, and their apprehension would not prove unwarranted.
		Theatre, as it turned out, was one of the major weapons used by the emperors of Rome to appease, placate and distract the mob and thus maintain a firm grip on the state.
		But unlike their Greek counterparts, Roman theatres were not necessarily built into hillsides, rather in open, public spaces, usually in well-populated areas, such as city centers, where a great number of people had ready access to the entertainments presented there.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/131romtheatre.htm (4527 words)

	Heather's Roman Theatre Web Site
		The Romans were remarkable in their ability to adapt the unique elements they found in other cultures and assimilate them into their culture.
		Roman tragedy was generally an unsuccessful attempt to reproduce tragic works in the Greek style.
		Theatre went into a further decline after the Roman Empire superseded the Republic in 27 B.C. Gladiator events sometimes used the orchestras or stages of theatres.
	www.geocities.com /classic_theatre (2269 words)

	Romans in Britain - The theatre
		The theatre was essentially a centre of cultural and family entertainment, though both establishments were used for more general non violent pastimes.
		Apart from entertainment, the theatre was also used for public speaking by officials and politicians when they had something to say that was of importance to the community.
		The town's folk build the theatre using materials and skill they supplied themselves and funding for the upkeep and events was supplied by local businessmen and the council.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /arl_theatre.htm (726 words)

	Roman Theaters - Crystaliks
		The Roman theatre was shaped with a half circle or orchestra space in front of the stage.
		These changes were important because the intent of the theatre was to replace the temporary wooden stages that the Romans were using to house their tragedies and comedies.
		In the Roman theatre the orchestra is a place to sit, instead of a performing area as the Greeks had used it.
	www.crystalinks.com /rometheaters.html (1085 words)

	A Brief History of Roman Theatre
		The major locations for theatres tened to be around temples so various gods could look at certain plays that were either for them or about them.
		Later on however, theatres began to be built on hillsides (hill provided extra support and is easier to build on).
		The Romans didn't have a permanent (stone) theatre until the final years of the Republic, the latest reference to the Romans building a new theater was in 17 b.c.
	www.angelfire.com /ut/latiniii/history.html (771 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		The Romans had adopted the chariot from the Etruscans, and when they brought the races to Britain, it must have had great appeal to the Celts, who were skilled horsemen.
		Roman contributions to their own theatrical tradition, consisted of mime, a sort of crude comedy performed without masks.
		Roman actors were all men - women could only appear in mime - and they wore masks which were probably made of stiffened linen.
	www.camelotintl.com /romans/entertain.html (1128 words)

	History of Theatre, Greek, Medieval, Roman Theater
		History of theatre tells us that any activity that required a certain set of people (performers) to carry out the procedures and a set of people (audience) to watch the proceedings could be termed a theatre in a more broad sense.
		Roman theatres attracted large number of spectators who were accommodated within the huge open air theatres.
		Roman Theatre auditorium was semicircular in nature along with a roofed stage about 10 m in height.
	www.theatricalsupplies.com /Origins_Of_Theatre.asp (660 words)

	Roman and Byzantine Theatre and Drama
		The first Roman performance occurred in Rome around 364 B.C. The Romans have been known for using other cultures and practices and improving on them, and the same can be said of their approach to the theatre.
		The Romans also had what was called naumachiae or sea battles in which lakes were dug or amphitheatres like the Colosseum were flooded for the occasion.
		Christians were often the victims of the Romans' thirst for blood, and many were sentenced to battle to the death in the Colosseum.
	www.cwu.edu /~robinsos/ppages/resources/Theatre_History/Theahis_3.html (440 words)

	412 A Brief History of Roman History, Classical Drama and Theatre
		While theatre in Rome evolved into its own distinct species, the Romans in the long run failed to escape the strong gravitational pull of Greek drama, a situation consistent with their dependence on Greek civilization in general.
		This is not to say, however, that Roman authors were unoriginal or somehow shadows of their great Hellenic predecessors—they were not!—rather, their work was the extension of Greek art forms migrating across the Adriatic Sea and undergoing some modification, as they had to, for a different audience, age and cultural climate.
		As loyal Romans began to sense they'd somehow fallen into the hands of a dictator—dictator was the title Sulla chose for himself and the word has been sullied ever since—for the first time in history Roman legions met their own kind on the field of battle.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/121romhist.htm (6185 words)

	Article: The Prejudice Against Theatre
		This paper attempts to reexamine segments of theatre history in light of the Christian people’s prejudice to better understand the significant influence that prejudice had on the theatre, and to help clarify the historical arguments for and against theatre.
		Romans believed Christians to be consistent and stubborn law-breakers, and, indeed, to the Roman mind they were.
		The theatre is a form of entertainment, and the Roman idea of entertainment became partly to watch Christians die in the arena.
	www.rtjournal.org /vol_3/no_1/bruch.html (1582 words)

	Term-Papers.us - Ancient Greek Roman And Elizabethan Theatres
		Proof that the public theatre was not a cheap alternative for poorer people is the fact that Shakespeare and other well known play writers wrote almost all their plays specifically for the public theatres and often despised performing a play in the smaller rich persons private theatre.
		Because of the unpopularity of these theatres not much is known about their architecture except that they were small, had little equipment or basic machinery to assist behind the scenes work and had artificial lighting in the form of petrol lanterns.
		It was common for a temple of Dionysus to be adjoined to the theatre and a procession would occur from the temple to the stage of the theatre in honor of the god.
	www.term-papers.us /ts/ja/toi102.shtml (1419 words)

	Roman Theatre
		In the tragic literature of the Romans, two epochs are to be distinguished: the first that of Livius Andronicus, Nævius, Ennius, and also Pacuvius and Attius, who both flourished somewhat later than Plautus and Terence; and the second, the refined epoch of the Augustan age.
		The spirit of the Roman religion was however originally, and before the substance of it was sacrificed to foreign ornaments, quite different from that of the Grecian.
		Moreover, desirous as the Romans were of becoming thorough Hellenists, they wanted for it that milder humanity which is so distinctly traceable in Grecian history, poetry, and art, even in the time of Homer.
	www.theatredatabase.com /ancient/roman_theatre_001.html (3490 words)

	Photos of Aspendus and Side (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The impressive facade and entrance of the remarkably preserved Roman theatre of Aspendus.
		The theatre of Aspendus was built in 161-180 AD by the architect Xenon during the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
		There is no doubt that it is one of the best preserved Roman theatres in the world, largely due to the fact that later Turkish invaders restored and maintained it.
	www.roman-empire.net /articles/article-019.html (402 words)

	Roman Empire
		Theatre was very important in the lives of the Romans.
		Theatre was another way of keeping people busy, and happy so they would not plot against the emperor.
		Some of the plays performed in the theatre were as disgusting as some of the gladiatorial fights.
	www.iol.ie /~coolmine/typ/romans/thea.html (292 words)

	Didaskalia - Introduction to Roman Stagecraft
		One of the most important influences on Roman Comedy (called the fabula palliata in Latin, after the 'Greek' cloak or pallium worn by the actors) was the Atellan Farce, a non-scripted theatrical form which made use of stock masks (characters) and slapstick gags.
		The actors of Roman comedy were all men, and about five of them shared out all the different roles in the play.
		The Romans also produced tragedies, and these were more straightforward translations and adaptations of the Greek plays of the 5th and 4th centuries BCE.
	www.didaskalia.net /studyarea/romanstagecraft.html (873 words)

	theatre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Roman actors were men who wore colorful masks (women could appear only in mimes).
		Roman theaters were usually open to the sky.
		Regular plays were performed in the large theatres, but mimes were performed on rough wooden stages set up in the streets.
	www.sbceo.k12.ca.us /~vms/carlton/theatre.html (466 words)

	Roman Theatre, Orange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Roman Theater, in the south of the Inner City, is the best preserved and one of the finest of antiquities.
		As the only Roman theater, Orange has retained the statue of the Emperor Augustus; it is 3.55m/11.5ft in size.
		Roman Theater dating from reign of Augustus in Orange.
	www.planetware.com /orange/roman-theatre-f-az-thro.htm (111 words)

	Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the "Triumphal Arch" of Orange - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel ...
		I have been to a fair few roman theatres, including quite a few in the area around Orange, and this is probably the finest I have visited (although the one at Dougga in Tunisia probably has a better location).
		Adjacent to the theatre are the remains of a temple with circular apse, from the Hadrian period, a gymnasium, an altar and a nymphaeum; on the hill behind them is the capitol.
		It celebrates the Roman peace and the veterans of the 2nd Gallic legion, that fought agianst the Gauls.
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/orange.html (624 words)

	Greek - Roman Theatre Glossary
		(Latin: theatre curtain; pl. aulaea) Roman curtain; curtain could be lowered into the stage to reveal a scene: aulaea premuniuntur, "the curtain is lowered," when the play begins and aulaeum tollitur, "the curtain is raised," when the play is ended.
		(Latin: something that surrounds or circles; pl. praecinctiones) The surrounding Roman corridor separating the galleries of a theatre; corresponds to the Greek "diazoma"; use for the walkway, concentric with the rows of seats, between the upper and lower seating tiers in a Roman theatre.
		English sing.: vomitory) Theatre entrances or exits for audience; vaulted passageways leading to or from the cavea; entrances piercing the banks of seats of theatres or amphitheatres.
	www.whitman.edu /theatre/theatretour/glossary/glossary.htm (2305 words)

	Greek and Roman Theatre
		This permanent Greek theatre was built between 342 and 326 BC (approximately 100 years after Oedipus was first performed); remodeled to fit the Roman ideal during the reign of Nero (61 BC), and last used for a theatrical performance during the 4th century AD.
		Note the orchestra (as altered by Romans), the remains of the theatron and the footings of the skene.
		The theatre was begun in 46 BC under the reign of Julius Caesar and dedicated to Claudius Marcello by Augustus Caesar between 13 and 11 BC.
	www.northern.edu /wild/th100/CHAPT10.HTM (3139 words)

	FLYING INKPOT THEATRE REVIEW: Roman Tam & The 3 Bears by ACTION Theatre
		Roman Tam and The 3 Bears was a double-bill directed by Krishen Jit, beginning with Between Chinas, written by Pek Siok Lian, and followed by Everything But The Brain, written by Jean Tay.
		They get into a debate on the statue of King George VI in the park and the Hong Kong authorities' decision to replace the statue with one of Sun Yat-sen. The American thinks Sun a suitably democratic hero for the Chinese people and by extension, an appropriate national symbol for Hong Kong.
		But when the lights dim and the characters launch into what appears to be a serious tribute to the diaspora of Chinese emigrants that "launched a thousand ships and spawned a thousand restaurants", the attempt at pseudo-philosophy is jarring and discomforting.
	inkpot.com /theatre/05reviews/0128,romatam,mf.html (943 words)

	Roman theatre (structure) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Roman theatre is a theatre building built by the Romans for watching theatrical performances.
		The Roman style of theatre building evolved from the Greek theatres: they were semicircular in form.
		The Roman theatre at Fiesole, Tuscany is still used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure) (239 words)

	All About Jewish Theatre - Roman Polanski :Film and theatre director, script writer, actor and producer
		Roman Polanski, the film and theatre director, script writer, actor and producer, was born in Paris in 1933.
		In 2000 he received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the National Higher School of Film, Television and Theatre in Lodz, became the town's honorary citizen, and his star was unveiled in the Star Alley in Piotrkowska Street.
		This method, usually used more often in the theatre than in movies, makes it possible to follow the evolution of characters and mutual relationships in laboratory-like conditions, allowing the viewers to study the human nature, a subject-matter of all of Polanski's films.
	www.jewish-theatre.com /visitor/article_display.aspx?articleID=1475 (3284 words)

	Ancient Theatre Database
		Dinolochus - A short summary of the known facts about this comic poet's life.
		- A biography of the Roman philosopher and dramatic critic Quintus Horatius Flaccus.
		Rise of the Actor's Profession - A history of the development of the actor's profession in ancient Greece.
	www.theatredatabase.com /ancient (885 words)

	Arausio, The Roman Theater at Orange, FranceWorld Heritage Site of the Month, The Cultured Traveler Newsletter
		Sometime around the birth of Jesus, the Romans built a 7,000-seat theater at Arausio in southern France, a former capital of the now vanquished Celts.
		Roman engineers had succeeded in building a provincial theater that became known throughout the empire.
		The theater at Orange, with its audience-facing stage is, for all its size and depth, a conventional theater.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Heritage/Archives/Arausio.htm (659 words)

	Roman Theatre - Southern CT State University - Threatre 100 - Introduction to Theatre
		The Romans adopted much of Greek religion and culture as their own, including theatre.
		A slaveborn Greek, Livius Andronicus, translated Greek tragedies into Latin as early as 240 B. Later, the Romans favored the New Comedies of Menander, and raided them for material, mixing up plots and characters from different sources in a process called contaminatio.
		The best known Roman comic playwrights are Plautus and Terence, who wrote in the period just before Rome occupied Greece in the first half of the second century B.C. (i.e.
	www.southernct.edu /~watts/roman_theatre.html (205 words)

	Amazon.com: The Roman Theatre and its Audience: Books: Richard Beacham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Richard Beacham traces the history of the Roman theatre, from its origins in the fourth century B.C. to the demise of formal theatrical activity at the end of antiquity.
		He characterizes the comedy of Plautus and Terence and the audience to which the Roman playwrights were appealing; describes staging, scenery, costuming, and performance style; and details a variety of theatrical forms, including comedy, tragedy, mime, pantomime, and spectacles.
		Under one cover it manages to give a comprehensive account of the Roman theatre, while also providing a detailed description of the author's own ground-breaking research in actually construcitng a temporary Roman stage, and presenting his own translations of Plautus upon it.
	www.amazon.com /Roman-Theatre-its-Audience/dp/0674779134 (1013 words)

	Roman Theatre and Drama
		List FOUR characteristics of "Senecan" tragedy- with regards to both structure and content- which later writers (specifically during the age of Shakespeare) would use as a guide for the composition of their tragedies.
		Briefly define the Roman philosophy of Stoicism and illustrate how it found expression in the character of Oedipus in the extant Roman version of the play (in contrast to the Greek version).
		Give three specific reasons why Christians during the late Empire were opposed to theatre- reasons that one could argue contributed to the theatre's decline.
	www.theatre-dance.ecu.edu /faculty-staff/Greg_Funaro/UnitIIReview.htm (425 words)

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