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	Roman mythology: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Roman mythology is the set of beliefs, rituals, and other observances concerning the supernatural held or practiced by the ancient Romans from early periods until Christianity finally completely supplanted the native religions of the Roman Empire.
		The original religion of the early Romans was so modified by the addition of numerous and conflicting beliefs in later times, and by the assimilation of a vast amount of Greek mythology, that it cannot be reconstructed precisely.
		The Roman religious calendar reflected Rome's hospitality to the cults and deities of conquered territories.
	www.encyclopedian.com /th/The-stories-of-the-Roman-religion.html (2256 words)

	Picturing the Roman triumph: putting the Fasti Capitolini in context. - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Although some commentators have identified it as the triumph of the emperor Aurelian over the Palmyrene queen Zenobia, the text of Silvanus, combined with the Republican theme of the room, makes it certain that we are witnessing Aemilius Paullus, the conqueror of King Perseus of Macedon, celebrating his victory procession in 167 BC.
		The Fasti which recorded the roster of Roman triumphs were, in other words, inserted into a room already resonant with triumphal images; in fact, the observant visitor would have been able to spot the record of the triumph of Paullus among the surviving fragments of the Fasti on the adjacent wall.
		Triumphs were dangerous, contested and liable to rebound on the same godlike generals who were honoured by them.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-106732100.html (2478 words)

	Roman triumphal painting: its function, development, and reception. - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Roman triumphal painting: its function, development, and reception.
		Plutarch wrote that, receiving the Senate's permission for the celebration, Marcellus paraded "many of the most beautiful public monuments from Syracuse, realizing that they would both make a visual impression in his triumph and also be an ornament for the city."(1) He opened his triumph impressively with an allegorical painting of Syracuse made prisoner.
		Roman triumphal painting also served to acquaint Romans with novel artistic conventions, previously foreign to their experience.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-20824299.html (289 words)

	A Roman Triumph
		The new emperor was not a Roman, as he was born in Sabina a region north of Rome, and this was clearly an element which weakened his authority; in addition his election had been the outcome of a confused process during which the Roman Senators had tried to recover their ancient role.
		The triumph was accorded by the Senate to the generals who had expanded the empire: it consisted in a procession starting at the Temple of Bellona (goddess of war) near Teatro di Marcello and reaching the Temple of Jupiter on the Campidoglio.
		The sack of Jerusalem is symbolized by the seven-branched candlestick.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Arco.html (1263 words)

	Triumph (Roman procession) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Triumph (Roman procession), in ancient Rome, the victory procession of a returning general.
		Success (quotations): Success: Roman generals during their triumphs were…
		Roman generals during their triumphs were always reminded of their mortality, and business success, like human life, has its span.
	encarta.msn.com /Triumph_(Roman_procession).html (134 words)

	Roman Triumph
		The Roman Triumph, especially in the Republican era was the crowning achievement of a Roman General.
		Regardless, the Triumph was an integral part of Roman culture, and one all important purpose was to ask Jupiter to continue the prosperity of Rome.
		His head was crowned with laurel, and a sheep was sacrificed, instead of a bull as was the case of a triumph.
	www.unrv.com /culture/roman-triumph.php (706 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 1 - Chapter XIII Part III
		Notwithstanding the justice of the Persian cause, he was empowered to submit the present differences to the decision of the emperors themselves; convinced as he was, that, in the midst of prosperity, they would not be unmindful of the vicissitudes of fortune.
		The emergencies of war very frequently required their presence on the frontiers; but Diocletian and Maximian were the first Roman princes who fixed, in time of peace, their ordinary residence in the provinces; and their conduct, however it might be suggested by private motives, was justified by very specious considerations of policy.
		Till Diocletian, in the twentieth year of his reign, celebrated his Roman triumph, it is extremely doubtful whether he ever visited the ancient capital of the empire.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-1/chap38.html (2631 words)

	Roman Triumph
		Impressive in its splendour and symbolic character, the ceremony of triumph was a congenital part of Roman culture.
		The Roman triumph ceremony must have been imbued in the conscience of the Romans because the triumphal processions continued long after the last "classical" one.
		The more genuine imitation of the Roman triumph was undertaken during the Italian Renaissance when Cola di Rienza, a friend of Petrarch's, managed to lead the procession rather similar to the ancient ones.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~mvbelous/triumph.html (765 words)

	Roman Army
		Nothing in the public life of the Romans bears such eloquent testimony to the orderly and practical spirit which gave them the mastery of the ancient world than their scientific method of encampment.
		The characteristic crossroad of the cardinal and decumanal paths that bisected the camp according to the compass form the center of numerous imperial cities throughout Italy, testifying to the influence of permanent Roman camps in the spread of Roman culture.
		The Roman festival procession at the head of a victorious army through the city of Rome to the Capitoline hill, the highest distinction accorded a victorious commander.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~rauhn/roman_army.htm (432 words)

	The Roman Legions
		Roman legions defended the imperial frontiers from the Scottish border to the deserts of Arabia, from the Danube to the Atlas mountains in northern Africa.
		The Romans were especially expert at clever and speedy field maneuvers and the ancient art of siege warfare.
		The soldiers were so good that the Romans even found them to be their best weapon at sea: they equipped their galleys with a combination grappling hook/gangplank which both snared the enemy and enabled the infantry to board.
	www.culturalresources.com /Romleg.html (913 words)

	Wikinfo \| Roman
		The noun Roman means a citizen of Rome.
		Roman is a family of typographic fonts, the most famous and common of which is Times New Roman.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=roman (117 words)

	Roman
		The noun "Roman" means a citizen of Rome.
		The adjective "Roman" means pertaining or related to Rome.
		Roman is a family of Typographic fonts, the most famous and common of which is Times New Roman.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ro/Romans.html (43 words)

	The Baldwin Project: The Story of the Romans by H. A. Guerber
		AS Brutus had died before the battle was even begun, the command of the Roman army had fallen to his fellow-consul, Valerius, who was an able man. When the fight was over, the people were so well pleased with the efforts of their general that they said he should receive the honors of a triumph.
		When a Roman general had won a victory, or taken possession of a new province, the news was of course sent at once to the senate at Rome.
		The Romans, who were extremely fond of processions and shows [70] of all kinds, put on their festive attire, and thronged the streets where the returning general was expected to pass.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=guerber&book=romans&story=triumph (559 words)

	in a roman mood: patriots triumph in boston \| the institute of hybernautics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Roman Triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly honour the military commander (dux) of a notably successful foreign war or campaign and to display the glories of Roman victory.
		The Roman Legions were paid from the spoils of war, while today's champions are awarded jewel-encrusted rings so that they will be recognized as champions out of their uniforms.
		The Roman Triumph ended at the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, where offerings were made to Jupiter to ensure Rome's continuing success.
	hybernaut.com /bdv/patriots-triumph.html (525 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.12.20
		According to F., the use of symbols and rituals in Roman culture is essential in explaining the influence of the political elite on the masses.
		Despite juxtaposing his chapter on the triumph with the two about the funeral procession, he does not discuss the role of triumphal dress and the parading of triumphal booty at funerals.
		Roman politics can be analyzed in terms of complex communication within a system based on traditional concepts of consensus.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-12-20.html (2977 words)

	Antony and Cleopatra
		Yet Egypt was not the power it once had been, and Cleopatra’s father Auletes owed his throne to Roman support, much as she gained her throne with the aid of Caesar’s arms [see figure II for a bust of the young queen].
		Labienus was given command of Roman deserters and Parthian troops and was encouraged to invade Roman Syria, which he did in 40 B.C. The surviving independent Hellenistic monarchs in the new Roman world realised that their survival depended largely on their ability to interfere in Roman politics and to fracture their foe by fostering division.
		At a triumph in Rome Caesar’s troops chanted: "Gaul was brought to shame by Caesar; by Nicomedes, he." Octavian himself was accused of sleeping with prominent men and women in order to further his ambitions.
	www.roman-empire.net /articles/article-028.html (5070 words)

	Triumphs
		The Triumph was a religious ceremony of Etruscan origin.
		The Senate had to vote to grant the general a triumph (which entailed permitting him to keep his imperium inside the pomerium for a day).
		After Augustus established the Principate, he would only permit triumphs to be celebrated by members of his family.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/triumph.htm (458 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Wales: In the Beginning
		The Roman armies first arrived in Britain in 55 BC under Julius Caesar, but there was no significant occupation until a century later.
		Roman historian Tacitus described them along the shores of the Menai Strait (in present-day Anglesey) as being "ranged in order, with their hands uplifted, invoking the gods and pouring forth horrible imprecations." By attacking and killing these druids, their wives and children, the Romans were able to defeat the formations drawn up against them.
		Deva (Chester) in the northeast, was the largest roman fortress in Britain, covering some sixty acres on the banks of the River Dee and guarding the approaches to North Wales.
	www.britannia.com /wales/whist1a.html (953 words)

	Outlines of Roman History, Chapter 22
		He divided the Roman provinces with Cleopatra, who was called “the queen of kings.” The Roman people were shocked when he desired his disgraceful acts to be confirmed by the senate.
		Cicero was the most learned and prolific writer of the age; his orations, letters, rhetorical and philosophical essays furnish the best models of classic style, and have given him a place among the great prose writers of the world.
		Roman education was patterned in many respects after that of the Greeks; for its general character, see p.
	www.forumromanum.org /history/morey22.html (3976 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Lunsford, Amber
		The Roman audience, the captured people and spoils, and the triumphant general himself are all intermeshed into a complex web of spectacle and spectator.
		Not only is the triumph itself a spectacle of a victorious general, but it also contains sub-spectacles, which, when analyzed, may give us clues as to how the Romans looke upon non-Romans, and, in turn, how they saw themselves in relation to others.
		Because the triumph brings out so many intricate ideas and questions about the Romans, by analyzing both the specific primary texts and the idea of hte triumph in general, we can better appreciate the cultural logic of what it means to be Romans as it is negotiated within the triumph.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1085498652 (378 words)

	UNRV History - Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Roman Drugs and Pharmaceuticals takes a brief look at the medicines available to the Romans and how they used them.
		Roman Victory in the Mithridatic War opened the door for Sulla to move on his enemies in Rome.
		Standard Roman roads consisted of a metalled surface (ie gravel or pebbles) on a solid foundation of earth or stone.
	www.unrv.com /news_archive-200407.htm (1529 words)

	The Baldwin Project: The Story of the Romans by H. A. Guerber
		OF course all the spectators cheered the victorious general when he thus marched through Rome in triumph; and they praised him so highly that there was some danger that his head would be turned by their flattery.
		This ringing was to remind the conqueror that he must always be good, or he would again hear it when he was led to prison, or to gallows; for the passage of a criminal in Rome was always heralded by the sound of a bell.
		This honor was something like a triumph, but was less magnificent, and the animal chosen as the victim for sacrifice was a sheep instead of a bull.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=guerber&book=romans&story=triumph2&PHPSESSID=f56f6b1caa54852c4b00caa340d9a8b4 (453 words)

	Ohr Somayach :: Chanukah :: Titus' Arch
		The dragons were a popular decorative motif in Roman art, and the whole candelabrum seems to testify to the strong Roman influence.
		As some scholars have observed, this mixture of a positive disposition towards things Roman, mitigated by a Jewish antipathy towards pagan images, fits the personality of King Herod, the despotic monarch whose prolonged and unpopular rule over Judea was made possible by his slavish obedience to his Roman masters.
		If this is correct, then the Menorah that was plundered by the Roman legions was not the symbol of religious freedom that had been created by the Maccabees, but a despot's monument to foreign oppression.
	ohr.edu /yhiy/article.php/1321 (927 words)

	Roman triumph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If a general was awarded a triumph by the emperor, he would march with a token number of his troops.
		The triumph reached its climax at the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline, where the triumphing general offered laurels of victory to the god.
		Flavius Belisarius was the last person to receive a triumph (ostensibly "sitting in" for Emperor Justinian I), in recognition for his victory over the Vandals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_triumph (578 words)

	Symbolism
		Many scholars agree that it is a symbol of the collapse of the synthesis of civic and royal ideals that had sustained the Parisian entry ceremony from 1350 to 1571 (Bryant 205).
		The Roman triumph ceremony presents a ritual no less symbolic than the royal entry in France.
		Even though we have less triumphal rituals than there used to be, the triumph acquired individualistic character so that nowadays one has to define its meaning for oneself.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~mvbelous/symbolism.html (703 words)

	A Roman Triumph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Not many days had passed when they [Vespasian and Titus] determined to have but one triumph, that should be common to both of them, on account of the glorious exploits they had performed, although the senate had decreed each of them a separate triumph by himself.
		Now the last part of this pompous show was at the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, whither when they were come, they stood still; for it was the Romans' ancient custom to stay till somebody brought the news that the general of the enemy was slain.
		Accordingly, when it was related that there was an end of him, and all the people had set up a shout for joy, they then began to offer those sacrifices which they had consecrated, in the prayers used in such solemnities; which when they had finished, they went away to the palace.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~bkharvey/roman/texts/triumph.htm (531 words)

	Untitled Document
		While Virgil does fervently acclaim Augustus' great triumph, he simultaneously thwarts the emperor's attempts to disguise the event as a foreign war by identifying Antony as the primary opponent, followed by his wife Cleopatra.
		Among these are the long-lasting peace that persists during the later part of his rule, the veneration of Apollo, and the respectful display of ancestral idols.
		Coupled with popular admiration of the emperor's renewal of Roman urban monuments and architecture,[18] emphasizing the esteemed historical descent of ceremonies and traditions observed in the revitalized city would serve as effective propaganda for Augustus.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Classics/bcj/11-05.html (1684 words)

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