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Topic: Roman tuba

	TUBA - LoveToKnow Article on TUBA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The tubas are often confounded with the baritone and bass of the saxhorns, being like them the outcome of the application of valves to the bugle family.
		The tenor tuba corresponds to the tenor horn, which it outwardly resembles, having its tube bent in rectangular outline and being played by means of a funnelshaped mouthpiece.
		The tuba is represented, together with the buccina and cornu, on Trajans column in the scenes described by Vegetius.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TUBA.htm (1571 words)

	Tuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tuba is the largest of the low-brass instruments and is one of the most recent additions to the modern symphony orchestra, first appearing in the mid-19th century, when it largely replaced the ophicleide.
		Tubas are also used in wind and concert bands and in brass bands, although in the latter instance they are referred to as Eb and BBb basses, there being two of each.
		Three-valve tubas are generally the least expensive and are almost exclusively used by beginners and amateurs, and the sousaphone (a marching instrument) almost always has three valves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tuba (1229 words)

	Euphonium Tuba Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Roman tuba some claim is the source of the name for the instruments.
		The ophicleide, the bass instrument of the keyed bugle family, was the accepted bass of the military band until the middle of the last century.
		Tubas are usually manufactured with three or four piston or rotary valves.
	www.csupomona.edu /~dmgrasmick/mu330/EuphoniumTubalect.html (370 words)

	HORN - LoveToKnow Article on HORN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There were four instruments known by the name of cornu among the Romans: (I) the short animal horn used by shepherds; (2) the longer, semicircular horn, used for signals; and (3) the still longer cornu, bent and carried like the buccina, which had the wide bore of the modern tuba.
		The lituus, or cavalry trumpet of the Romans, consisted of a cylindrical tube, to which was attached a bent horn or conical bell, the whole in the shape of a J. The long, straight Roman tuba was similar to the large, bent col-nu so far as bore and capabilities were concerned, but more unwieldy.
		Interesting evidence of a collegium cornicinum (gild of hornplayers) is furnished by an altar stone in the Roman catacombs, erected to the memory of one M. Julius victor ex Collegio Liticinuni Cornicinum, on which are carved a lituus, a cornu and a pans pipe, the cornu being similar to those on Trajans Column.
	61.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HO/HORN.htm (12971 words)

	Instrumentally Speaking ... The Tuba ... Vienna Online Ezine
		The tuba is the lowest pitched of the brass wind instruments, with a wide conical bore, three or four valves, a deep cup-shaped mouthpiece and a vertically coiled tubing with an upward pointing bell.
		The word tuba was originally the name of a straight built bronze Roman trumpet, ending in a slight flare and played with a detachable ivory mouthpiece.
		Tuba parts are written at actual pitch except in brass bands, where transposed notation allows the parts to be read with cornet fingerings.
	www.geocities.com /viennaonline/inst/is0801.html (620 words)

	TUBA - Online Information article about TUBA
		The name " bass tuba " was bestowed by Wieprecht upon his newly invented bass with valves, which had the narrow bore afterwards adopted by Sax for the saxhorns.
		Wagner tubas are not included among the foregoing.
		The bore of the Wagner tenor and tenor-bass tubas, in Bb and F, is slightly larger than in the horn, but much smaller than in the real tubas.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TOO_TUM/TUBA.html (992 words)

	Youth Music : Endangered Species
		Tubas usually have three valves, and these divert the air through little extra lengths of tubing, which makes the instrument temporarily a bit longer and therefore deeper.
		The tuba's ancestry includes primitive instruments like the Roman tuba, which some claim is the source of the name for the instruments.
		As you may start on one sort of tuba and change to another later on, it’s a good idea to borrow or hire your first tuba rather than investing in a smaller version and having to upgrade at a later date.
	www.youthmusic.org.uk /Endangered_Species/tuba1.html (801 words)

	Roman Army Part II
		Roman Army Part II The Roman Army, Part II During much of this period an ordinary legionary soldier (miles legionarius) wore fairly standard armor, which was well adapted to the legionary style of fighting.
		As their name suggests, they were intended to supplement the legionary infantry that was the backbone of the Roman army by employing different methods of fighting, including light-armed infantry, slingers, archers, and especially cavalry.
		Auxiliary soldiers were also organized in cohorts and usually served under the command of Roman officers, though they were occasionally led by chiefs from their own regions.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/romanarmy2.html (1537 words)

	tuba -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The word tuba originally was the name of a straight-built Roman trumpet and was the medieval Latin word for trumpet.
		It was invented in 1843 by Sommer of Weimar and derived from the valved bugle (flügelhorn) and cornet.
		The deepest-voiced (and largest) member of the brass family, the tuba is a wind instrument that was invented in Germany in the late 1820s.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9073660?tocId=9073660 (790 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features
		The word tuba originally described a straight Roman trumpet; the bass tuba was patented in 1835 by two men from Berlin.
		Tubas now come in several varieties, the most recognizable being the brass sousaphone -- the type that wraps around the body with the big bell over the head.
		A more compact tuba is carried over the shoulder in many high school bands and another version held in the lap is preferred for sit-down concert bands and orchestras.
	starbulletin.com /1999/10/01/features/story1.html (936 words)

	ClSt 200 - Tools
		The morning greeting which Romans of rank were in the habit of receiving from clients, friends, and admirers in the atrium during the first two hours of the day; for this purpose the callers ga...
		The Roman term for the arms taken from an enemy defeated in single combat, and also for those portions of the captured armour which were promised by the general to soldiers who distinguished themsel...
		A Roman orator and writer of letters, who lived in the latter part of the 4th century A.D. He was of noble birth, and was prefect of Rome in 384 under Theodosius the Great, and afterwards consul in...
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /cgi-bin/myth/dict/redir?method=browse®exp=S (4798 words)

	Virtual Instrument Museum
		First used outdoors and in procession in Roman times, the pipe organ is the oldest keyboard instrument.
		With the conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine to Christianity, portable organs entered the church (literally) in his entourage and permanently installed organs evolved in that setting.
		Romans, and later Christian missionaries took organs to many other parts of the world, including Africa and Asia, where local musical traditions and materials were used in their construction, leaving such remarkable instruments as the famous Bamboo organ in the Phillippines, with its pipes made of bamboo shoots of various lengths and diameters.
	learningobjects.wesleyan.edu /vim/cgi-bin/instrument.cgi?id=112 (733 words)

	A-Z of Musical Instruments - Brass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although simple tube trumpets date back to the Roman ‘tuba’, the bugle was a development from circular hunting horns and the usually straight posthorns used by mail-coaches to announce the arrival of the post from the fifteenth century onwards.
		In Roman times the word ‘tuba’ was applied to the trumpet, but now refers to the largest of the brass family.
		The tuba’s tubby shape and association with the oom-pah band belies the instrument’s potential to create a remarkably light and agile tone in the right hands: Gerard Hoffnung once remarked that when he was practising the tuba the neighbours thought he had an elephant trapped in his bathroom.
	www.foundry.co.uk /musicfirebox/a-zofmusicalinst.html (2794 words)

	Tuba Museum
		While the common definition of the Tuba is simply a large bass horn, a scholar could correctly call it a lip-vibrated cup mouthpiece multi-valved conical bored aerophone of the lower register!
		The first instrument called a Tuba was the ancient Roman Tuba (meaning tube), produced around 500 BC, which was used as a military signal trumpet.
		Styles still in use include the sousaphone, the helicon, the bell-front "recording" tuba, and the "Wagner" tuba designed for the Ring of Nibelung operas in 1876.
	www.travelerstuba.com /travelersclub_021.htm (400 words)

	Our Story
		The first instrument called a Tuba was the ancient Roman Tuba (meaning tube), around 500 BC, which was a military signal trumpet.
		Through the ages, this simple tube was reshaped, remade, and renamed a thousand different ways before arriving at the shape and function of the Tuba as we know it today.
		A tuba player since 1959, he first took up the sousaphone in the Ferndale (Michigan) School District at age nine.
	www.travelerstuba.com /travelersclub_016.htm (641 words)

	Brass - Tuba
		The most ancient type of tuba was a Roman buccina used as an infantry bugle.
		The deepest became known as the tuba in orchestras.
		The tuba is the bass instrument of the brass.
	www.mathcs.duq.edu /~iben/tuba.htm (284 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tuba refers to a family of lip-vibrated, upright, valved, metal wind instruments with a folded tube of wide, conical bore.
		Also noteworthy are the 9-foot and 12-foot Wagner tubas in B-flat and F respectively; made with left-hand valves and relatively narrow bore and played with deep conical mouthpieces by French hornists, these instruments provide a new color midway between the mellow horn and the more aggressive tuba.
		Tuba is also the Roman name for the Etruscan-Grecian salpinx, a straight, wide-bored, conical, usually bronze trumpet, ending in a slight flare and played with a detachable ivory mouthpiece.
	www.afn.org /~afn38695/tuba.html (285 words)

	The Tuba: Its Historical Development and Use (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		To avoid confusion, some discussion of the word "tuba" is necessary, as there is an incredible amount of confusion surrounding the word.
		The modern tuba has no direct predecessors, but was the result of several hundred years of searching for a suitable bass wind instrument.
		The first true ancestor of the tuba is generally considered to be an instrument from the seventeenth century called the serpent.
	axe.acadiau.ca /~067052o/predecessors.htm (1278 words)

	The Legend of Dumanjug (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		His tuba was not only the favorite of his native village because of its great special taste and quality but was also in great demand in the outlying fishing and farming villagers.
		Duman was to start early at dawn to gather his tuba and the sound of his bamboo cleaner as he tapped on the coconut palm served as dawn bell for the villagers to wake up every morning.
		To most of them, tap-tapping sound of the cleaners as Duman cleaned his container and dexterously striking the palm with them in thymic cadence was a signal to start the day's work.
	www.angelfire.com /de/dhax/history.html (331 words)

	Kocani Orkestar
		This brass band ensemble tradition is rooted in a fusion between Ottoman mehter military ensemble, and Western-influenced band traditions, and has existed in parts of FYR Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), Serbia, Kosovo, Nortern Greece and Bulgaria, providing ritual and entertainment music since at least the turn of the century.
		This, their second release in Turkey, is an exciting coimpilation of their music, which ranges from traditional Macedonian, locally-developed Turkish urban dance music, Serbian, Roman, and contemporary Turkish pop music, under the direction of premier trumpet usta Naat Veliov.
		The leader, Naat Veliov, was born in 1957 into a family of trumpet players, in the turkish-speaking Roman mahalle of Koçani.
	www.lastcallrecords.com /biographies/kocani.html (387 words)

	Navajos hope for sincere apology
		Tuba City resident and Navajo Dee Wilson wants to see Bishop Thomas J. O'Brien get a just sentence for leaving the scene of a fatal hit-and-run accident, and she has one in mind: punishment that would be served in Navajo country.
		O'Brien, the former leader of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix, was found guilty Tuesday of leaving the scene of a fatal accident in June that killed Jim L. Reed, a Tuba City native living in Phoenix.
		The Tuba City community, along with the rest of the Navajo Nation, has social issues, she said.
	www.azcentral.com /specials/special17/articles/0219obrien-navajos.html (526 words)

	[No title]
		The one adventure of the holidays was the visit to the Roman fort, to that fantastic hill about whose steep bastions and haggard oaks he had seen the flames of sunset writhing nearly three years before.
		One was a Roman Catholic, hardened, and beyond the reach of conversion; she had been advised to ask alms of the priests, "who are always creeping and crawling about." The other old sinner was a Dissenter, and, "Mr.
		For him it was the note of the Roman trumpet, _tuba mirum spargens sonum_, filling all the hollow valley with its command, reverberated in dark places in the far forest, and resonant in the old graveyards without the walls.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/3/9/6/13969/13969-8.txt (22649 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Canon Law
		It is a judicial science, differing from the science of Roman law and of civil law inasmuch as it treats of the laws of an other society; but as this society is of the spiritual order and in a certain sense supernatural, canon law belongs also to the sacred sciences.
		From the earliest ages the letters of the Roman pontiffs constitute, with the canons of the councils, the principal element of canon law, not only of the Roman Church and its immediate dependencies.
		It is in a different sense that Roman law, Germanic law, and in a lesser degree modern law, have become a subsidiary source of canon law.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09056a.htm (9079 words)

	Origins of the Trombone
		Scott explains that the tuba had a long, straight body which was about four feet long and had a small bell at the end.
		The modern horn and the modern tuba, however, are conical.
		Volume was the most important quality to the Romans, and as shown by the fact that large numbers of brass musicians were displayed in the amphitheaters.
	cfaonline.asu.edu /haefer/classes/564/564.papers/croninhorn.html (3354 words)

	MSN Encarta - Trumpet
		Trumpets made of large conch shells are found as ritual instruments in many cultures.
		Silver and bronze trumpets with long, straight tubes, conical bores, and flared bells survive from ancient Egypt and resemble other ancient trumpets such as the Hebrew hasosra, the Roman tuba, and the Greek salpinx.
		In medieval Europe the long, straight trumpet called buisine was replaced by a shorter version of the instrument around 1300.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554505/Trumpet.html (368 words)

	Bibliography
		Following a survey of pre-tuba bass-wind music it covers the first use of tubas in orchestral scores (Berlioz), the commendably swift adoption of the tuba in orchestras generally and the different uses made of the tuba in ensembles.
		The solo literature for tuba is explored in detail with extensive printed examples (and recorded examples on the companion set of 100 compact disks, available separately @ $2000.00) from the novelty numbers of the late 1800's to the serious works of the 20th century (Vaughn Williams, Hindemith, Persicetti etc).
		The tuba's place in popular culture is featured including the tuba drawings of the great Gerard Hoffnung, hundreds of other tuba and sousaphone cartoons, a selection of tuba nic-naks and jewelry, a review of tuba comedy pieces (Tubby the Tuba), and a heart felt essay on the public's continuing confusion of sousaphones and tubas.
	www.bandparenting.net /bibli.html (1301 words)

	Musica Viva: Free tuba sheet music
		Music not only for the tuba, but also for other bass range brass instruments such as the sousaphone and the helikon.
		Few of the pieces here are written especially for the tuba, but for more or less any melodic instrument.
		I know this is a bit confusing, but "tenor tuba" is simply a different (and more correct) name for the euphonium.
	www.musicaviva.com /tuba/index.tpl (259 words)

	ziolkowski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They are portrayed on Roman monuments and their names are found in inscriptions.
		Representations on monuments depict only two main types of instrument: straight and curved (plus the lituus, a variant of the tuba with a curve at the end); but unfortunately we cannot be sure what the Romans called any of the instruments depicted on monuments.
		Considering all the evidence, and there is more, we conclude that the term bucina, like tuba, was used generally (to refer to any of the brass instruments) and specifically (most often to refer to the curved variety).
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/01mtg/abstracts/ziolkowski.html (341 words)

	American Gallery- Bronze Statuette Clock, c. 1910 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The soldier, dressed in the uniform of the Roman army, holds a trumpet in his right hand and a flag in his left.
		The trumpeter played an important role in the Roman army: he signaled orders to the other soldiers on his instrument.
		There were actually different kinds of trumpets; the straight kind shown on this clock was called a tuba, although it bears no resemblance to the modern tuba.
	www.nawcc.org /museum/nwcm/galleries/american/bronze.htm (207 words)

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