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	Romanesque Architecture - Earthlore Explorations Foundation Stone of Learning
		Elsewhere within the Romanesque period are found the first versions of the cruciform structured church.
		Among the significant contributions of this era are westworks and bell towers, features which both the Romanesque and Gothic ages evolved upon elaborately.
		There are a wide range of distinctions in form and style spread across the geography of Europe and the expanse of the centuries.
	www.elore.com /Gothic/Learning/romanesque.htm (961 words)

	ArtLex's Rf-Rz page
		Some authorities give the designation Romanesque to art produced as early as the seventh century, although others give the eleventh century as the starting point, from which point it was prevalent until it was followed by the Gothic about 1200.
		Romanesque art was primarily of and for the Christian church, and it existed in a variety of regional styles.
		The Romanesque church was characterized by being massive, with rounded
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/Rf.html (3852 words)

	Romanesque architecture and art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by an important revival of monumental forms, notably sculpture and fresco painting, which developed in close association with architectural decoration and exhibited a forceful and often severely structural quality.
		Romanesque sculpture produced an art of extraordinary ornamental complexity, ecstatic in expression, and abounding in seemingly endless combinations of zoomorphic, vegetal, and abstract motifs.
		Romanesque manuscripts are enlivened by elaborate and highly inventive initial letters, on which the artists of this period lavished their bent for rich ornamental display.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ro/Romanesq.html (1214 words)

	Romanesque Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		Romanesque Art and Architecture, a predominantly architectural style that flourished in western Europe from about ad 1000 until the rise of the Gothic style, in most regions by the latter half of the 12th century, in certain regions somewhat later.
		In the mature Romanesque style, especially that which developed in France, the use of massive walls and piers as supports for the heavy stone vaults resulted in a typical building plan in which the entire structure was treated as a complex composed of smaller interlinked units.
		Outstanding examples of central Italian Romanesque architecture are of a group of buildings in Pisa that includes the cathedral, begun in 1063; the baptistery, begun in 1153; and the Campanile (the famous Leaning Tower), a free-standing bell tower, begun in 1173.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570708/Romanesque_Art_and_Architecture.html (1638 words)

	Romanesque architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "Romanesque" attempts to link the architecture, especially, of the 11th and 12th centuries in medieval Europe to Roman Architecture based on similarities of forms and materials.
		Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults.
		Romanesque seems to have been the first pan-European style since Roman Imperial Architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanesque (329 words)

	Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art
		Romanesque art in Western Europe was popular from about 800 A.D. to the 1100s.
		Romanesque buildings had to be designed for defense, so cathedrals were massive in size.
		Romanesque cathedrals were also built in the shape of a Latin cross.
	www.sanford-artedventures.com /study/g_romanesque.html (200 words)

	Ontario Architecture Styles Page
		The Romanesque Revival appeared almost simultaneously in Europe and North America inspired, in part, by the writings of the critic John Ruskin who was tired of the Classical style and the Greek architectural vocabulary.
		Romanesque Revival was inspired by H.H. Richardson in the United States, and was a lighter and much smoother version of the rounded windows and otherwise robust and often heavy features of the earlier style.
		This is typical of Romanesque churches that were built as houses of worship as well as the "fortress" to keep them safe from intruding armies and bandits.
	www.ontarioarchitecture.com /romanesque.htm (1095 words)

	Romanesque Architecture
		The word "Romanesque" does not, as sometimes supposed, refer to a debased and degraded Roman style adopted by the Middle Ages, but rather specifies the two traits of Roman architecture which were reemployed at this time, viz., the pier and the vaulting arch.
		All the great Romanesque cathedrals of North Continental Europe use this construction and are distinguished by it from the earlier basilicas with timber roofs and with columns supporting the arches of the nave.
		The portals, especially of the later Romanesque, were richly ornamented with carving and recessed with columns and concentric arches, diminishing in size to the doorway.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles08/roman-17.shtml (1904 words)

	Romanesque Art and Architecture
		It is especially distinguished by a Romanesque nave of extraordinary dimensions, a wealth of sculpture on its capitals and a transept topped by five towers, all precursors of the Gothic style.
		Among the oldest of the few examples of German pre-Romanesque wall painting that survive are those in the abbey church of St George, in Oberzel, on Reichenau; in St Sylvester's Chapel in Goldbach, on the German shore of Lake Constance; and in St Andrew's, near the ancient town of Fulda, north-east of Frankfurt.
		Existing examples of Romanesque wall painting include abstract patterns on architectural members such as columns, illustrations of scenes from the Bible, and the lives of the saints painted on broad wall surfaces.
	arthistory.heindorffhus.dk /frame-Style07-Romanesque.htm (834 words)

	romanesque
		Romanesque though touched all countries not yet reached by Byzantinum and so the two styles do not occur in one country.
		The Romanesque monastery was important in politics and society and spread its influence out through the church and its congregation.
		English Romanesque was known as Norman style, afterh the invaders from Normandy in France who introduced it to the English in 11th century A.D. In Germany, Romanesque style was highly developed while in France hte Gothic style took over.
	members.tripod.com /art-history/romanesque.htm (553 words)

	[No title]
		Romanesque architecture was very popular in Burgundy; its masterpiece is the Cathedral of Saint-Bénigne of Dijon, consecrated by Paschal II in 1106 and completed in 1288.
		The impression of soaring height was obtained by sinking the floor of the Chapel below the level of the main body of the church, by the tall narrow windows and by the slender ribs of the vaulting.
		Romanesque architecture (usually referred to as "Norman" in England) is characterised by its rugged approach, rounded arches, thick walls, round columns and limited decoration.
	www.lycos.com /info/romanesque-architecture.html (613 words)

	Romanesque Architecture - History for Kids!
		The Romanesque style is called that because it is a little like Roman architecture, but it is made around 1000-1200 AD instead of during the Roman Empire.
		You can see Romanesque buildings all over France, England, Italy, and Germany, and in northern Spain (the part that was not taken over by the Umayyads).
		Romanesque buildings were made of stone, but often had wooden roofs because people were still not very good at building stone roofs yet.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/medieval/architecture/romanesque.htm (463 words)

	Romanesque art -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Romanesque was at its height between 1075 and 1125 in France, Italy, Britain, and the German lands.
		Romanesque dress departed from Byzantine dress in one important way—men's clothing was quite distinct from women's.
		In Romanesque architecture, especially in Italy and Germany, an arcaded wall-passage on the outside of...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9083826 (866 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Romanesque
		Romanesque Architectural and artistic style that spread throughout w Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries.
		The Romanesque Italy's Romanesque architecture (12th cent.) reveals the first use of the groined vault with projecting ribs.
		Romanesque refuge: A new visitors' centre in an ancient French Romanesque abbey is conceived as a series of precisely crafted interventions.(Abbaye de Montmajour)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Romanesque (781 words)

	Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Romanesque art in Western Europe was popular from about 800 A.D. to the 1100s.
		Romanesque buildings had to be designed for defense, so cathedrals were massive in size.
		Romanesque cathedrals were also built in the shape of a Latin cross.
	www.sanfordcorp.com /sanford/consumer/artedventures/study/g_romanesque.html (200 words)

	Romanesque architecture
		A distinguishing feature of Romanesque style, bays are square or rectangular spaces enclosed by groin vaults and used by architects as the basic building unit.
		The nave in Romanesque churches was usually made higher and narrower than in earlier structures to make room for windows, called clerestory windows, in the sidewalls below the vault.
		The Norman Romanesque style replaced the Saxon style in England after the Norman Conquest in 1066, and from about 1120 to 1200, builders erected monumental Norman structures, including numerous churches and cathedrals.
	www.geocities.com /SoHo/Workshop/5220/middle/romanesq.html (550 words)

	The Slides
		Romanesque means "Romanlike" and was first applied in the nineteenth century to describe European architecture of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries.
		Many of the new Romanesque towns rose on the sites of ancient Roman colonies, which were restored to busy urban life after centuries of relative stagnation.
		In the Romanesque age, the construction of churches became almost an obsession....
	www.bornemania.com /civ/romanesque_architecture/index.html (562 words)

	Romanesque Architecture
		Romanesque Architecture emerged during the Middle Ages or the Medieval era strongly identified with the Normans.
		Romanesque Architecture is the term used to describe the building styles which were used between 800 AD to 1100 AD.
		The History of Romanesque Architecture is strongly influenced by the religious fervour of the period which resulted in the construction of many Romanesque churches in England.
	www.castles.me.uk /romanesque-architecture.htm (1182 words)

	romanesque2
		Romanesque Art and Architecture, arts and architecture of western Europe from about AD 1000 to about the late 1100s.
		Most Romanesque sculpture was part of church architecture, serving both structural and aesthetic purposes.
		Romanesque metalwork was used primarily to create utensils for church rituals.
	www.msu.edu /~ramoskar/romanesque2.html (780 words)

	Romanesque Revival
		Romanesque Revival borrowed several elements from the earlier style.
		In Romanesque Revival, arches are used decoratively to highlight important parts of the building such as entrances.
		Because Romanesque Revival borrowed the massiveness of the earlier style, it is essential that "heavy" materials like brick, stone and tile are used.
	www.huntingtoncounty.org /architecture/romanesq.htm (475 words)

	Romanesque - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The name Romanesque, like many other stylistic designations, was not a term contemporary with the art it describes but an invention of modern schlarship to categorize a period.
		Romanesque is characterized by a use of round or slightly poined arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults.
		Listed below are examples of surviving Romanesque buildings in modern France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, England, Netherlans, Scandinavia and Central Europe.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /romanesque.htm (310 words)

	Romanesque Revival, Architectural Style, Historic Preservation, Planning and Development Services Division, City of ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The chief characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style is the semi-circular arch, used for window and door openings as well as a decorative element along the corbel table.
		The Romanesque Revival style, exemplified by St. Anthony's Church in Sterling, is event mainly on churches and large institutional buildings, and is more of a vernacular style than a high style in Colorado.
		Richardsonian Romanesque is characterized by heavy, rusticated or rock-faced stone, round masonry arches, contrasting colors, transom windows arranged in ribbon-like patterns, square towers, and sparse fenestration.
	www.ci.longmont.co.us /planning/ldc/architecture/roman_revival.htm (228 words)

	H.H. Richardson
		It is a revival style based on French and Spanish Romanesque precedents of the 11th century.
		(Romanesque preceded Gothic in European architecture.) Richardson's style is characterized by massive stone walls and dramatic semicircular arches, and a new dynamism of interior space.
		The Richardsonian Romanesque eclipsed both the IInd Empire Baroque and the High Victorian Gothic styles; the style had a powerful effect on such Chicago architects as Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, and influenced architects as far away as Scandinavia.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/hhr.html (195 words)

	Study Tours GERMAN ROMANESQUE
		Romanesque architecture is distinguished by massiveness of construction and noble simplicity of form, but these characteristics often mask a high degree of structural adventurousness and very considerable sophistication of design, symbolism and iconography.
		A subsidiary theme of the tour —; and an essential prelude to Romanesque — is the art and architecture of the Carolingian era.
		This is the area on which this tour concentrates, the abundance of Romanesque art and architecture being matched by its variety.
	www.arteandtravel.com /study_tours/german_romanesque.htm (730 words)

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