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Topic: Romanesque Revival

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	Ontario Architecture Styles Page
		The Romanesque Revival appeared almost simultaneously in Europe and North America inspired, in part, by the writings of the critic John Ruskin who was tired of the Classical style and the Greek architectural vocabulary.
		Romanesque Revival was inspired by H.H. Richardson in the United States, and was a lighter and much smoother version of the rounded windows and otherwise robust and often heavy features of the earlier style.
		Romanesque Revival was used extensively in public buildings to instill a sense of permanence and civic pride.
	www.ontarioarchitecture.com /romanesque.htm (1095 words)

	The Town Paper: A Matter of Style -- Richardsonian Romanesque
		Romanesque Revival became the favored style for American churches for the next 60 years and expanded to major public buildings, commercial buildings and eventually residential architecture before the turn of the century.
		The Romanesque Revival style is characterized by masonry construction and the general use of the semi-circular arch for all wall openings and decoration.
		The details of Richardsonian Romanesque generally coincide with Romanesque Revival; however, it is in the execution of these details that Richardson's style breaks away from its revival predecessors.
	www.tndtownpaper.com /Volume5/richardsonian_romanesque.htm (600 words)

	Romanesque architecture and art - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE AND ART [Romanesque architecture and art] the artistic style that prevailed throughout Europe from the 10th to the mid-12th cent., although it persisted until considerably later in certain areas.
		The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by an important revival of monumental forms, notably sculpture and fresco painting, which developed in close association with architectural decoration and exhibited a forceful and often severely structural quality.
		Romanesque manuscripts are enlivened by elaborate and highly inventive initial letters, on which the artists of this period lavished their bent for rich ornamental display.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-romanesq.html (1412 words)

	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Early Victorian Architecture: Overview
		Savannah was the architectural center of the state, and the city's rich merchants and businessmen invested their cotton wealth in new residences and commercial buildings of a slightly altered Greek revival style changed to suit narrow city lots.
		Decorative Gothic motifs had been added to the state capitol in Milledgeville during the late 1820s, but that did not reflect any widespread use of the pointed arches, asymmetrical ground plans, crenelations, buttresses, steeply pitched roofs and gables, and trellised verandas that were the main characteristics of the style in the 1850s.
		Revival style exhibited arches in various forms, a strong monochromatic feel with the use of red brick and terra-cotta, horizontal lines, rusticated stone basements or first floor levels, and various foliate or classical decorative features applied in a restrained fashion.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-467 (2073 words)

	New York Architecture Images-
		Beginning in the mid-1840s, the Romanesque Revival was widely adopted for churches in New York State and the nation by both architects and local builders.
		The Romanesque Revival style became ubiquitous throughout the second half of the 19th century for a wide variety of building types, such as railroad stations, civic buildings, schools, armories,commercial buildings, factories, and masonry dwellings.
		In the mature Romanesque style, especially that which developed in France, the use of massive walls and piers as supports for the heavy stone vaults resulted in a typical building plan in which the entire structure was treated as a complex composed of smaller interlinked units.
	www.nyc-architecture.com /STYLES/STY-Romanesque.htm (2551 words)

	Romanesque Revival
		Romanesque Revival borrowed several elements from the earlier style.
		In Romanesque Revival, arches are used decoratively to highlight important parts of the building such as entrances.
		Because Romanesque Revival borrowed the massiveness of the earlier style, it is essential that "heavy" materials like brick, stone and tile are used.
	www.huntingtoncounty.org /architecture/romanesq.htm (475 words)

	Romanesque Revival, Architectural Style, Historic Preservation, Planning and Development Services Division, City of ...
		The chief characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style is the semi-circular arch, used for window and door openings as well as a decorative element along the corbel table.
		The Romanesque Revival style, exemplified by St. Anthony's Church in Sterling, is event mainly on churches and large institutional buildings, and is more of a vernacular style than a high style in Colorado.
		Richardsonian Romanesque is characterized by heavy, rusticated or rock-faced stone, round masonry arches, contrasting colors, transom windows arranged in ribbon-like patterns, square towers, and sparse fenestration.
	www.ci.longmont.co.us /planning/ldc/architecture/roman_revival.htm (228 words)

	[No title]
		The Romanesque Revival style, like the earlier Gothic Revival movement, had its origins in medieval Europe, particularly in the churches of England, France, and Germany.
		With its respectable qualities, Romanesque Revival architecture came to represent the solid foundation and civic prosperity of American urban culture in the late nineteenth-century.
		Largely through Richardson's influence, the Romanesque Revival became associated with: masonry walls, usually with rough-faced and squared stonework, asymmetrical facades with round towers and conical roofs, and round topped arches over windows.
	www.theredstoneinn.com /romanesque.htm (482 words)

	Historic Preservation and Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The architecture of the Romanesque era (A.D. 800-1150) in Europe presented Victorian builders with simple, sturdy models that could be adapted to 19th century needs.
		Romanesque Revival buildings usually have compact plans and blocky massing.
		This early phase of the style was imported by German architects and was influenced by a new interest in Romanesque architecture, which developed in Europe during the mid 1800s.
	www.in.gov /dnr/historic/romanesque.html (211 words)

	Romanesque Revival architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building in the late 19th century (roughly 1840 through 1900) inspired by the 11th and 12th century Romanesque style of architecture.
		Popular features of these revival buildings are round arches, semi-circular arches on windows, and belt courses.
		The style was quite popular for courthouses and university campuses in the early 20th century, perhaps the most well-known of these being the University of California, Los Angeles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture (134 words)

	Romanesque Revival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Romanesque Revival style, appearing in various phases from the 1880s through the first decade of the twentieth century, was unlike the Queen Anne style in that it was used less in houses than in large public and commercial buildings.
		The most salient elements of the Romanesque style and its nineteenth-century counterpart are the round arch and the heavy masonry facades.
		Romanesque Revival buildings tend to have massive hipped roofs, many with wall gables and conical or pyramidal-roof towers or belfries.
	www.ci.valparaiso.in.us /HPC/Architecture/Romanesque/romanesque.htm (207 words)

	19th-Century Adrian Architecture - Romanesque Revival, Richardsonian Romanesque and Shingle Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The term “Romanesque” (as opposed to the Romanesque Revival) describes a medieval style of European architecture found primarily on churches and monasteries built between A.D. 1000 and about 1250.
		The first Romanesque Revival building in Adrian was the First Presbyterian Church in Adrian, at 156 E. Maumee, which was built in 1842 as a Greek Revival structure but was transformed in 1869 with the addition of a Romanesque Revival brick-and-sandstone portal and asymmetrical towers.
		A distinctly different Romanesque Revival style, often referred to as the “Richardsonian” Romanesque, can be found in the Lenawee County Historical Museum, which was built in 1909 as the city’s public library.
	www.adrianarchitecture.com /romanesque.html (1384 words)

	Jacksonville Architecture
		The style was revived again after 1900, when architects took advantage of the decorative potential of concrete and terra cotta to return to exotic themes.
		Colonial Revival residences were popular as commodious, respectable dwellings for middle and upper class Americans from the time of Reconstruction until after World War I. Advances in building technology in the last quarter of the 19th century allowed buildings from six to twenty stories to soar above the skylines of American cities.
		Among the flurry of revival modes at the turn of the twentieth century was the Tudor Revival style, closely akin in spirit and chronology to the Jacobethan.
	jaxhistory.com /styles.htm (2596 words)

	ART APPRECIATION
		The design of the third church of Cluny, ded icated in 1095, is reflected in a number of Burgundian churches, The basilica of San Marco in Venice, and other Byzantine structures help to account for the presence of domed vaulting in a group of churches in French Aquitaine.
		Romanesque sculpture produced an art of extraordinary ornamental complexity, ecstatic in expression, and abounding in combinations of zoomorphic, vegetal, and abstaract motifs.
		In contrast with the demonic nature and animated quality of sculpture in France and in England, there was an assertion of more massive and ponderous figures in N Italy, with the narrative reliefs from Genesis designed by Wiligelmo in Modena and by Niccolo in Verona.
	www.gpc.edu /~pfarley/MiddleAges/06_AG12_ROMANESQUE_ARCHITECTURE.htm (962 words)

	After the Fire: The Influence of H. H. Richardson on the Rebuilding of Seattle, 1889-1894 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Today design that is characterized as Romanesque Revival is often thought to derive entirely from the example of Richardson; however, the emergence of similar work in Chicago cannot be traced entirely to Richardson's influence alone but reflects the contribution of Chicago architects as well.
		When Seattle architects adopted elements of Romanesque Revival design for their new commercial and institutional buildings, they did so in the context of the changes and challenges they faced.
		The last of Ritchie's Romanesque designs was the Thurston County Courthouse (1890-91; altered), a symmetrical building constructed of Chuckanut stone barged to Olympia from the quarries in Whatcom County.
	www.wshs.org /wshs/columbia/articles/0103-a1.htm (5068 words)

	Building Types: The Walking City
		Romanesque Revival buildings are characterized by round-arched windows, arched corbel tables, and one or two towers at the front facade.
		Cyril and Methodius Church is the oldest of the Romanesque Revival churches left in the city.
		Gothic Revival churches that still stand are the Unitarian Church of the Unity, and the Lutheran churches of Holy Cross and Trinity Evangelical.
	stlouis.missouri.org /government/heritage/buildtyp/p1-3.htm (2261 words)

	Brief Account of Gothic Architecture and Revival
		The arches and vaultings used in Romanesque were of semicircular profile, and thus limited by geometry to being not more than half their width in height.
		Expression of the Gothic Revival in church architecture was thus largely postponed until the great urban expansion of the nineteenth century.
		The "Richardsonian" Romanesque was massive in character with roughly cut stone blocks, sometimes in contrasting colors, and monumental round arches.
	hometown.aol.com /gaaudsley/GothicFrame1Source1.htm (2591 words)

	Romanesque architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "Romanesque" attempts to link the architecture of the 11th and 12th centuries in medieval Europe to Roman Architecture, based on similarities of forms and materials.
		Geometrisation and rigidity in Romanesque architecture is evident in the transformation of column capitals from Corinthian to cubic capitals, as found in the church of St. Michael, Hildesheim.
		Romanesque first developed in Spain in the 10th and 11th centuries and before Cluny`s influence, in Lérida, Barcelona, Tarragona and Huesca and in the Pyrenees, simultaneously with the north of Italy, into what is been called "First Romanesque" or "Lombard Romanesque".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanesque_architecture (872 words)

	Architectural Styles
		In 1799, the revival of Gothic architecture made its first appearance in America in the form of a country house outside of Philadelphia, and was soon after used in the design of ecclesiastical and university buildings.
		Gothic Revival architecture is characterized by roofs that are steeply pitched with steep cross gables.
		Romanesque Revival (1845-1875, later in West Virginia) The revival and use of Romanesque architectural components enjoyed a fluorescence during the second half of the 19th century.
	www.wvculture.org /shpo/ch/styles.html (1845 words)

	Art and Architecture \| Historic Samuel Cupples House
		Romanesque Revival buildings of the late-nineteenth century repudiated the fussy neo-gothic twists and turns of Victorian architecture.
		Yet Romanesque was the style Samuel Cupples chose for his house on West Pine Boulevard, a house to be built upon the highest ground in the city of St. Louis.
		He “wished ‘to revive a sense of beauty in home life, to restore the dignity of art to the ordinary household decoration.’” Morris drew inspiration from the medieval world of church and manor and promoted the use of natural materials.
	www.slu.edu /the_arts/cupples/architecture.html (1591 words)

	Romanesque Revival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A hallmark of the Italian villa and Romanesque styles (and their close cousins, the Tuscan and Norman styles) is the three- or four-story tower with arched openings.
		While the Gothic Revival was particularly favored by Episcopalian and Catholic parishes, the German or Italian Romanesque or early Renaissance style was generally preferred by Congregationalist, Methodist, Baptist, and other low-church groups.
		The distinguishing characteristics of the Romanesque was its use of the round arch for door and window openings and its distinctive rounded moldings.
	ah.bfn.org /a/archsty/rom (1489 words)

	Old-House Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, Richard-son's bold use of masonry walls and arches was emulated by other architects throughout the country, particularly in the larger cities of the Northeast and the newer industrial centers of the Midwest.
		Of course, not all Romanesque Revival buildings are as imposing as the Glessner and Hill houses.
		The appeal of the Romanesque Revival for residences was brief—less than two decades and far from universal.
	www.oldhousejournal.com /magazine/2002/november/roman_revival.shtml (1354 words)

	Building Types: The Victorian City (part II)
		It was a 19th century revival of the European Baroque style (1600-1750), and like its predecessor, rejects the formal, geometric classical forms in favor of verticality, irregular shapes and highly sculptural decoration.
		The Richardsonian Romanesque style was prevalent in church design during the Victorian period, primarily as a result of the widespread influence of Richardson's Trinity Church, in Boston.
		Richardsonian Romanesque architecture was also found in government structures and was especially popular for police stations in the Victorian period: the obvious masculinity of this style was appropriate to an image of authority and strength.
	stlouis.missouri.org /government/heritage/buildtyp/p2-2.htm (5639 words)

	The Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation
		Generally described as Romanesque Revival in style, Rhodes Hall is virtually unparalleled in Georgia.
		Rather than copying the Richardsonian Romanesque of the 1880's, however, Denny and Rhodes created a special example of the Victorian Romanesque Revival, taken from original medieval Romanesque sources and adapted for use as an early 20th century house.
		An extremely significant example of the Romanesque Revival in Atlanta and the state, Rhodes Hall is an outstanding survivor from Peachtree Street's heyday as Atlanta's prime residential thoroughfare.
	www.georgiatrust.org /historic_sites/rhodeshallhistory.htm (953 words)

	Glossary : The Molly Brown House Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Dutch Colonial Revival tends to be a free interpretation of the Colonial originals, it's main distinguishing feature being the gambrel or cross-gambrel roof.
		Richardsonian Romanesque (1872-1893): Richardsonian Romanesque is a style named after American architect H.H. Richardson (1838-1886). Almost every city in the United States has a building based on the style Richardson developed, which was especially popular in the late 1880s.
		Romanesque Revival: The original Romanesque architecture was based on a style of European buildings popular in the 11
	mollybrown.org /glossaryarchstyles.asp (1437 words)

	Property
		For Richardson, the Romanesque provided a vocabulary, so to speak, that he employed freely and imaginatively in buildings that at once looked to the past and drew from the forms and techniques of the present.
		This building is unmistakably Romanesque in the massed volumes of rusticated masonry that enrich the exterior, as well as in the use of round arches and the abstract stone carvings above the entrance portals.
		The interior of the church is open, spacious, brilliantly lit interiors of Romanesque churches from the medieval period.
	www.firstpresalbany.org /property/roberts.html (1274 words)

	Romanesque Revival Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Early Romanesque structures resembled Gothic predecessors with Roman forms.
		Bardstown, KY. This is basically Romanesque Revival, though all the detail (some apparently Gothic) may easily confuse the viewer.
		However, the structure is dominanted by Romanesque traits, including a huge arched entry, very thick stone and brick walls, including its base, and Romanesque towers and parapeted dormers.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~twp/architecture/romanesque (460 words)

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