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Topic: Romania since 1989

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History of Romania since 1989

History of Romania

Kingdom of Romania

Communist Romania

History of Hungary

Romania

Romania during World War II

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Charles II of Romania

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1989

	Encyclopedia: History of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, a subtribe of the Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by the Tyras...
		The union of Bucovina and Bessarabia with Romania was ratified in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles.
		Romania was awarded the territory between Nistru and the Southern Bug by Germany to administrate it as Transnistria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/History-of-Romania (8311 words)

	History of Romania since 1989 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With parliamentary support from the nationalist PUNR (National Unity Party of Romanians), PRM (Greater Romania Party), and the ex-communist PSM (Socialist Workers' Party), a new government was formed in November 1992 under Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu, an economist and former Communist Party official.
		Emil Constantinescu of the Democrat Convention of Romania (CDR) won the second round of the 1996 presidential elections by a comfortable margin of 9% and thus replaced Iliescu as chief of state.
		Romania joined NATO in 2004, and the country is scheduled to join the European Union EU, alongside Bulgaria, in 2007.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Romania_since_1989 (1085 words)

	Communist_Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Romania developed a system of forced labor and political prisons similar to the Soviet Union, with an estimated 100,000 forced laborers dying in an unsuccessful effort to build a Danube-Black Sea Canal.
		Romania's government also took measures to allay domestic discontent by reducing investments in heavy industry, boosting output of consumer goods, decentralizing economic management, hiking wages and incentives, and instituting elements of worker management.
		Romania was nearly the last of the Eastern European communist regimes to fall; its fall was also the most violent up to that time.
	www.news-from-newspapers.com /en/Wikipedia.org/2005/04/15/Communist_Romania.html (2876 words)

	Communist Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romania developed a system of forced labor and political prisons similar to the Soviet Union, with an estimated 100,000 forced laborers dying in an unsuccessful effort to build a Danube–Black Sea Canal.
		By 1989, according to CNSAS (the Council for Studies of the Archives of the Former Securitate), one in three Romanians was an informant for the Securitate.
		For several months after the events of December 1989, it was widely argued that Ion Iliescu and the FSN had merely taken advantage of the chaos to stage a coup.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communist_Romania (3974 words)

	History of Romania
		Romania entered World War II on the side of the Axis Powers in June 1941, invading the Soviet Union to recover Bessarabia and Bukovina.
		After the collapse of communism in the rest of Eastern Europe in the late summer and fall of 1989, a mid-December protest in Timişoara; against the forced relocation of a Hungarian minister grew into a country-wide protest against the Ceauşescu regime, sweeping the dictator from power.
		Since the new government was still largely formed of ex-communists, anti-communist protesters camped in University Square, Bucharest in April 1990.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_romania.html (1557 words)

	Romania ,the IMF, and Economic Reform: 1996-2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This seems to have been the case in Romania since 1989 as the 2000 elections resulted in the defeat of the center-right political forces, and removed the “political algorithm” which had functioned as one of several obstacles to economic reform from 1996-2000.
		Romania Mare or the Greater Romania Party, was led by Vadim Tudor, a charismatic and populist figure, who had been the former court poet of the Ceausescu socialist dynasty.
		However, Romania did not receive the second tranche of the loan that was supposed to be distributed around February 15, 2002.The Romanians requested that a supplementary letter of intent be negotiated to revise some of the conditions that had been established in the October 2001 stand-by agreement.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/robertweiner.html (4685 words)

	centraleuropeanconference03
		, Romania and and , and The County of Mures with
		Post-1989 historiography in Romania is analysed in a context of Central and East Europe's history of Soviet and communist colonialism and dictatorship and the authors focus on peculiar manifestations of political autarchy in the field of economics and politics.
		According to Andras, Romania is represented, similarly to previous periods, as a space of the "frontier" and a "border," constructed from discurse of orientalism, Balkanism, and exoticism.
	clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu /library/centraleuropeconference(2003).html (12407 words)

	Info Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Romania is also endowed with important under-ground resources, such as: crude oil, natural gas, coal (lignite, pit and brown coal), ferrous and non-ferrous ores (copper, lead, zinc), gold and silver ores and salt.
		Since the country benefits from a highly qualified and low-cost labor force, availability of natural resources in the country and the proximity to Western European markets, exports are expected to increase over the long run.
		Romania’s Association Agreement with the EU is the juridical framework of the economical and co-operation relations between the two parts.
	www.roembus.org /english/business/InfoBusiness.htm (5382 words)

	Dacia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by the Tyras (Dniester or Nistru, now in eastern Moldova).
		It thus corresponds in the main to modern Romania and Moldova.
		The Dacians adopted the religion and language of the conquerors - the modern Romanian language being a Romance language.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Dacia (1758 words)

	LLRX.com - Doing Legal Research in Romania
		Since these assessments are made, however, by non-Romanian consultants, their status as legislative history or even its equivalent is questionable.
		Romania is a presidential republic and a unitary state, which is governed directly by the elected president.
		Romania's 1968 Penal code was amended in 1973 and 1996 (http://home.dntis.ro/~giulian/codpenal/index-pen.html) and is still in force.
	www.llrx.com /features/romania.htm (5334 words)

	92064: Romania, Bulgaria, Albania: Recent Developments
		Since 1989, new governments have come into power, seeking to consolidate democratic institutions, launch economic reforms, and promote the reintegration of their countries with the rest of Europe.
		Romania was favored for a while for its "independence" from Moscow, but the United States government cooled its relations with Romania in the face of extreme domestic repression of the Ceausescu government.
		Romania held local elections on June 2; in the elections for mayor and local and county councils, the PDSR and CDR ran fairly close.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/92-064.htm (8121 words)

	NYU Press
		Since the 1989 fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, Romania, arguably the most regimented of states in the Soviet bloc, has struggled with the transition from totalitarian state to democratic nation.
		Gallagher provides an in-depth look at Romania since 1989, focusing on the government’s attempts at economic reform, engagement with democracy, problems with corruption among the ruling elite, as well as the weakness of civil society and the resilience of implacable expressions of nationalism.
		In fact, he warns that Romania is on its way to becoming one of the most unequal states in Europe and quite possibly a future trouble-spot unless efforts to resume much-needed reforms are undertaken.
	www.nyupress.org /product_info.php?cPath=2&products_id=3746 (284 words)

	United Nations Development Programme - UNDP Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The changes which have taken place in Romania since 1989 and their consequences for human development must be seen within the overall framework of the economic situation inherited from the previous regime, the political orientations and options of Romanian society, and the results of the reform process as begun in 1990.
		On the one hand, privatisation and the passing of legislation and the creation of institutions to support development of the private sector, the liberalisation of commercial exchanges, the creation of institutions and mechanisms of a labour market, etc., have all increased the range of possibilities by which to obtain income from property and labour.
		It is during this period that Romania has more need than ever of international assistance.For the purpose of reducing the short term negative effects of this period of accelerated reform, and of ensuring long term sustainable human development, international assistance should fit clearly into a coherent national strategy for poverty alleviation.
	www.undp.ro /publications/nhdr1997/conclusions.php (3225 words)

	LLRX.com - Update to Doing Legal Research in Romania
		Dana Neacsu is a reference librarian at Columbia Law School, a lawyer and member of the bar of the State of New York, a former Romanian judge (1989-1990) and an assistant professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Bucharest (1990-1994).
		Romania's 1968 Penal code (Codul Penal) was amended in 1973 and 1996 and is still in force.
		Romania presented its application for membership in the European Union on 22 June 1995 along with a national pre-accession strategy and a declaration signed by the Presidents of the Republic, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister and the leaders of all the political parties represented in Parliament.
	www.llrx.com /features/romania2.htm (5500 words)

	Untitled Document
		Member of the National Salvation Front since 1990; he was vice-president of Democratic Party (PD) and member of PD Executive Bureau; interim president of PD Bucharest since December 18, 2004.
		Since October 2004 he has been spokesman for the D.A. Alliance of the National Liberal Party and Democratic Party.
		He has been adviser on economic matters of the president of the National Liberal Party since February 2003; he enrolled in the National Liberal Party in February 2003; in 2000 he was state secretary and spokesman for the Mugur Isarescu government.
	www.roembus.org /gov_agenda/factbox.htm (2051 words)

	Adoption News, pg 61 - Headlines, Up to Date Adoption Information and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A CPS representative said they are only interested in talking with the mother about the child's medical history and to give her the opportunity to legally relinquish her rights.
		Courtney has only been heard from one time since then, on July 8, when she called the foster home to say that she was OK but would not reveal where she was.
		Since Emma couldn't explain the wound, the paediatrician deemed it suspicious and police and social services were summoned.
	news.adoption.com /index.php?view_page=61 (1683 words)

	Romania - Military and Naval Colors Since 1989 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The color of military units is made up of the Aquila, the banner (the canvas of the color), the rod and the accessories.
		On the yellow strip in the centre, 18 cm from the banner basis Romania's coloured arms is applied.
		Since then, I saw a Romanian frigate in a port visit here; she had a different jack: plain tricolor with two white intertwined anchors in the blue.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/ro-mil.html (801 words)

	MinistryWatch - Education Center Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Romania (MNN) -- Greater Europe Mission is praying that a pastors conference in Romania will encourage these dedicated workers as they reach out with the Gospel.
		The goal of the conference is to bless and edify these hard-working pastors, who on average pastor five to seven churches at once.
		Since 1989, Romania has seen a sustained church planting movement, with an average of five new church buildings opening every week until 1999.
	www.ministrywatch.com /mw2.1/E1_Txt.asp?DocID=2426 (207 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Examination of the rhetoric employed by the two main contenders in the parliamentary and the presidential races, as well as the procedural problems that arose during the elections and in their immediate aftermath, also shows that there is little ground to overestimate the significance of the 2004 ballot.
		The PSD was clearly counting on Iliescu's ability to mingle with the crowds, displaying his by-now famous smile and air of "one of you folks" that had significantly contributed to his electoral successes in three presidential races (1990, 1992, 2000).
		Since the first postcommunist elections of 1990, democratically elected representatives have failed to conform to expectations regarding the impersonal duties and responsibilities of office.
	www.rferl.org /eepreport (7810 words)

	Exorcism in Romania ends in death - Crime & Punishment - MSNBC.com
		In the heart of an Orthodox convent in Romania’s impoverished northeast, doctors say, Maricica Irina Cornici believed she heard the devil talking to her, telling her she was sinful.
		Their lawyer has asked for the case to be moved to a different location, citing the intense media and public scrutiny in the area.
		Romania’s Supreme Court is expected to rule on a location for the trial.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/8347530 (863 words)

	AEGiS-Reuters: (RE) Romania: Romania Syringe-Maker Eyes Profit For a Good Cause
		ARAD, Romania, July 20 (Reuter) - Romania's first maker of disposable syringes is eyeing a profit for a good cause -- in a country confronted with a serious AIDS problem.
		The move coincided with the opening of Romania's first stock exchange in half a century and was planned as a step towards listing Sanevit on the Bucharest bourse.
		This is among reasons why foreign investors have been slow to come to Romania, which is now at pains to eradicate an unwieldy legacy of communist-era corruption and bureaucracy.
	www.aegis.com /news/re/1995/RE950716.html (941 words)

	Monk, nuns say they didn't intend to kill - Boston.com - Europe - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		IASI, Romania --A monk and four nuns charged with killing a nun during an exorcism ritual told a court Friday they did not intend to kill the 23-year-old woman, but were trying to help her at the request of her brother.
		In the exorcism, Cornici was bound to a cross, gagged with a towel and left for three days without food in a dank room at the Holy Trinity convent in the village of Tanacu.
		Orthodox monasteries and convents have flourished in Romania since the 1989 fall of Nicolae Ceausescu's brutal communist regime, which suppressed religion.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2005/07/01/monk_nuns_say_they_didnt_intend_to_kill?mode=PF (548 words)

	Goldman Prize: Recipient Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since 2002, Roth has been the driving force behind an international campaign to stop construction of Europe's largest open cast gold mine in Romania.
		Roth joined the anti-mining campaign after she was involved in a successful grassroots movement to stop development of a so-called "Dracula Theme Park" in Transylvania, a project that would have destroyed an ancient oak forest reserve next to a medieval citadel.
		To prevent this wide-scale destruction, and despite repeated death threats, Roth has organized the first large-scale protests in Romania since 1989, when anti-government demonstrators overthrew the Ceausescu regime and the communist party.
	www.goldmanprize.org /recipients/recipientProfile.cfm?recipientID=145 (448 words)

	Joseph Harrington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		“Romania’s Ouestpolitik: Bucharest, Europe, and the Euro-Atlantic Alliance, 1990-1998,” with Scott Karns in Romania and Euro-Atlantic Integration, edited by Kurt Treptow and Mihail lonescu (Iasi: The Center for Romanian Studies, 1999).
		Romania Versus the United States: Diplomacy of the Absurd, 1985-1989 by Roger Kirk and Mircea Raceanu, Slavic Review, Vol 54.
		“Romania and Moldova Since the 1996 Elections,” Discussant, at the !999 AAASS meeting in St. Louis Missouri, November, 19, 1999.
	www.framingham.edu /history/joseph_harrington.htm (2935 words)

	Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When communism collapsed in the Warsaw Pact, it did so most spectacularly in Romania.
		Corey presents a broad survey of Romania in the intervening years.
		The book has merit as a comprehensive single volume synopsis of Romania that is up to date and does not gloss over the country's warts.
	www.textkit.com /0_0739105922.html (176 words)

	Buy Dacia Books online - selected, recommended and reviewed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Towards the west it may originally have extended as far as the Danube where it runs from north to south at Waitzen (Vacz), while on the other hand Ptolemy puts its eastern boundary as far back as the Hierasus (Siret river, in Romania).
		Forts were built as a protection against the incursions of the surrounding barbarians, and three great military roads were constructed to unite the chief towns, while a fourth, named after Trajan, traversed the Carpathians and entered Transylvania by the Roteturm (Turnu Rosu) pass.
		With the religion the Dacians also adopted the language of the conquerors, modern Romanian language being a Romance language.
	www.buybookonline.net /d/da/dacia.html (1222 words)

	Convoy Aid Romania - Welcome - Sponsor a child for just £1 a week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1989 the western world united in shock over images of abandoned children left to suffer untold misery in the neglected state orphanages of toppled dictator Nicolae Ceausescu.
		In Romania your family has to be living on under £20 per month before you would be considered to be ‘on the breadline’.
		At Convoy Aid we believe that £40 per month is closer to the real ‘breadline’, but most the families that we support live on half this amount and are only able to provide their children with warm clothes, school supplies and bedding because of the aid we provide them.
	www.convoyaid.org (574 words)

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