Romanian Front - Factbites

Romanian Front - Factbites
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Topic: Romanian Front

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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

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	:: Welcome to WARCHRON ::
		On the Romanian Front, von Falkenhayn advanced north from Rimnicu Sarat against the Russian 15th Division, and moved to the southeast, engaging elements of the British RNAS Armored Car Squadron.
		On 23 December, on the Romanian Front, there was heavy fighting for positions on the Moldavian frontier.
		On the Romanian Front, there was bloody fighting along the entire Romanian front.
	warchron.com /russiansCreateRomanianFront.htm

	No. 90-45
		He is still living in Western Europe and remains for some of the Romanian democratic groups a symbol of non-communist legitimacy; he was recently refused permission by the National Salvation Front to visit his country.
		Disclose and criticize any continuing links between the KGB or other Soviet security apparatuses and elements of the Romanian Front regime and any hostile international actions on the part of the Romanian secret police or the latter's involvement in activities inimical to a free and fair election.
		More troubling still, virtually all senior members of the Front regime are long-time members of the Romanian communist party.
	www.security-policy.org /papers/1990/90-45.html

	:: Welcome to WARCHRON ::
		On 19 January, on the Romanian Front, there were further unsuccessful Romanian attacks between the Casin and Susitsa Valleys.
		On the Romanian Front, the Bulgarians were driven back across the Danube near Tulcea.
		On the Romanian Front, the Russians took enemy positions between Kimpolung and Jacobeny in the northern Dobrudja, capturing 1,200 prisoners.
	warchron.com /romanianFrontInterAlliedConference.htm

	History of Romanians
		Romania was compelled to follow in the steps of her Russian ally, because on the Moldavian front the Romanian troops were interspersed with the Russian ones and it was impossible for combat to continue on one area of the front and for peace to settle on another front area, and so on.
		At that time the National Romanian Party in Transylvania played an important role in asserting the Romanian national identity; the party was reorganized in 1881 and it became the standard bearer in the struggle to achieve recognition of equal rights of the Romanian nation and it the resistance against the denationalization projects.
		A Romanian army, under the personal command of Prince Carol I, crossed the Danube and participated in the siege of Pleven; the result was the surrender of the Ottoman army led by Osman Pasha (December 10, 1877).
	www.roembus.org /english/romanian_links/history_of_romanians.htm (5696 words)

	Romanian First Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The First Army became one of the Romanian armies fighting for the Red Army on the Eastern Front.
		The Soviets took control of the oilfields in the Ploesti area, and the Romanian Army was used to fight German forces on the Eastern Front.
		Marshal Ivan Koniev, the commander of the First Ukrainian Front, was the main Soviet commander in the area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_First_Army (5696 words)

	The Romanian army during World War One
		Unfortunately, the contribution of the Romanian army has largely been neglected even by those authors who did remember that there was an east front as well, so little or nothing is known about the struggle and sacrifices of the 800.000 Romanian soldiers (including the 300000 men which made the ultimate sacrifice).
		The first world war has been remembered mostly due to the large battles of attrition fought on the west front.
		Yet, the east front has seen its more than share of action and millions of soldiers were engaged on both sides.
	www.geocities.com /strezahuzum (5696 words)

	History of Romanians
		Romania was compelled to follow in the steps of her Russian ally, because on the Moldavian front the Romanian troops were interspersed with the Russian ones and it was impossible for combat to continue on one area of the front and for peace to settle on another front area, and so on.
		A Romanian army, under the personal command of Prince Carol I, crossed the Danube and participated in the siege of Pleven; the result was the surrender of the Ottoman army led by Osman Pasha (December 10, 1877).
		After the first success, the Romanian army was forced to abandon part of the country, Bucharest included and to withdraw to Moldavia, owing to the joint offensive of the armies in Transylvania, commanded by General von Falkenhayn and those of Bulgaria, commanded by Marshal von Mackensen.
	www.roembus.org /english/romanian_links/history_of_romanians.htm (5696 words)

	National Salvation Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The National Salvation Front (in Romanian, Frontul Salvării Naţionale, FSN) was the governing body of Romania in the first weeks after the Romanian Revolution of 1989, subsequently turned into a political party.
		Shortly after, the two most important pre-Communist Romanian parties, the National Peasants' Party and the National Liberal Party, were registered, as PNŢCD and PNL respectively.
		FSN is the common root of the two most important left-wing political parties in Romania today: the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Democratic Party (PD).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Salvation_Front (480 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The JTM is a coalition of 12 individuals belonging to 11 registered and unregistered political parties, which, according one of three deputy leaders of the front, Mohammad Mohaqeq, was formed based on an agreement during the Afghan presidential elections in October 2004.
		While Dostum -- after switching sides in 1992-- eventually became part of the United Front against the Taliban and thus earned international recognition, both he and Pedram were associated with the communist regimes of the 1980s and as such have a different past than the current leadership of the JTM.
		After the Taliban took control of Kabul in 1996, most of the top leaders of the JTM joined hands in the loose anti-Taliban alliance that later become known as the United Front of the Northern Alliance.
	www.rferl.org /reports/afghan-report/2005/04/12-110405.asp (480 words)

	/i/ and /I/ by Romanians speaking English
		The second Romanian speaker, however, still shows a higher /i/ than /I/, but the lax vowel /I/ is more fronted in relation to the tense vowel /i/.
		As Ladefoged says, �unlike Spanish and Italian, English differentiates between vowels such as those in �seat, sit� and �heed, hid,� in that /i/ is tense and /I/ is lax.� (Ladefoged 1993) The Romanian vowel system consists of seven vowels, with only one high front vowel /i/, described as being �front, close non-rounded� (Mallinson 1986).
		This shows that phonological language transfer occurs from the source language into the target language, and that rather than producing a longer /I/, the interference results in affecting the position of the vowel production, namely a lower but fronted lax vowel /I/.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~iuliab/abstract.htm (480 words)

	Bucharest Travel Guide -
		Iliescu was confirmed in office by a presidential election in May 1990 while the Front achieved large majorities in both chambers of the National Assembly.
		History: Ethnic Romanians are descendants of the Dacians, one of the Romanised Thracian tribes that inhabited the Balkan peninsula during the first millennium BC.
		The ruling National Salvation Front split into two factions led by Petre Roman and President Iliescu, who formed his own breakaway party, the Democratic National Salvation Front.
	www.explore-bucharest.com /808/History.html (480 words)

	Romanian First Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soviets took control of the oilfields in the Ploesti area, and the Romanian Army was used to fight German forces on the Eastern Front.
		The First Army became one of the Romanian armies fighting for the Red Army on the Eastern Front.
		The First Army took part in Soviet offensives, notably at Prague in May 1945, which happened to be the last offensive it took part in World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_First_Army (364 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Romania
		From 1935, Vaida-Voevod led the Romanian Front, and accused the Jews in his speeches of the blood libel, parasitism, defrauding the country, and the Judaization of the press and national literature.
		During this period, when Romania suffered great losses on the front and Germany called for an increase in Romanian participation, the Union's board employed the argument that Romania, being an ally of the Third Reich, and thus a sovereign state, did not have to accept anti-Jewish laws that were applied only to German satellite countries.
		German penetration into the Romanian economy increased as the Nazis moved eastward with the Anschluss of Austria (1938), the annexation of Czechoslovakia (1939), and the occupation of western Poland at the outbreak of World War II.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/romania.html (364 words)

	Untitled Document
		The strategic goal of the Romanian Revolution in 1989 was the establishment of democracy, freedom and dignity for the Romanian people, in the manner that it was provided for by the Communiqué of the National Salvation Front Council in the evening of December 22nd, 1989.
		Article 88 of the Romanian Constitution stipulates the right and the duty of the President for presenting messages in front of the Parliament.
		One of the major achievements of the Romanian Revolution is guaranteeing the freedom of expression, especially the freedom of the press.
	www.nato.int /romania/speechion27oct.htm (364 words)

	The defense of Dobrogea and the Flamanda operation
		The reason behind this apparently absurde was the start of another enemy offensive, this time on the north front, where the Romanian troops were being hard-pressed by the newly-arrived German 9th Army.
		On the other hand, the 3rd Romanian Army's new commanding officer, general Averescu believed that "We must stop the offensive in the north, reorganize the army quickly and launch with as many forces as possible a decisive action on the south front..".
		By the 6th of September, the Romanian troops were ready to launch their own offensive, which they did, retaking all lost ground and inflicting heavy losses on the 4th Bulgarian division.
	www.geocities.com /strezahuzum/DefenseDobr.htm (364 words)

	Feldgrau :: Manstein’s Romanians in the Crimea
		The 7th Romanian Corps had the task of simulating attacks in the first days of the offensive, in order to deceive the Soviets and make them think that the assault in the southern part of the front was not the main offensive.
		Another Romanian unit that took part in the first battle of Sevastopol was the "Korne" Detachment, which was subordinated to the 54th Corps in the northern part of the Sevastopol front.
		The Romanian Mountain Corps was pulled out from the first line and sent south to eliminate the Soviet resistance at Balaklava and the 4th Mountain Division was put in the reserve of the 54th Corps.
	www.feldgrau.com /articles.php?ID=75 (364 words)

	The Romanian Revolution
		The Securitate, however, remained loyal to Ceausescu and counterattacked in a campaign of terrorism intended to frighten the Romanian people into submission.
		The revolutionaries at this time had organized themselves into the National Salvation Front and had received the backing of the Army.
		Along with Elena, his wife, he instituted several repressive policies which dehumanized the Romanian citizenry.
	www.phoenixcommand.com /hell4.htm (364 words)

	Romania: history
		In 1948, the Communists and some Social Democrats formed the Romanian Workers’ Party (RWP) which joined the Ploughers’ Front and the Hungarian People’s Union to form the People’s Democratic Front (PDF).
		Romanian troops cooperated with the abortive German offensive against the USSR, but when the counter-offensive was mounted by the Red Army, Bucharest abruptly changed sides.
		Romanian troops contributed to the Russian victory against the Turks.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=128 (364 words)

	History of Bulgaria
		Boris III forced to join WWII Axis, allowing Germans land access, but refusing to send troops to Eastern front or Bulgarian Jews to Nazi concentration camps.
		During WW II, the last Bulgarian Tsar, Boris III, was forced to join the Axis in 1941, but refused to send troops to the Eastern front or Bulgarian Jews to Nazi concentration camps.
		Bulgarian Kingdom (1185-1396) was one of the largest states in Europe and was rich in both culture and art.
	www.newtravel.com /brochure/history.html (364 words)

	WorldWar2.ro - The Battle of Stalingrad - 1942
		The German 6th and 4th Army, the Romanian 3rd and 4th Army, the Italian 8th Army and the Hungarian 2nd Army made up Army Group B. Opposing the 3rd Army was the South-Western Soviet Front (1st Guard Army, 5th Tank Army and 21st Army), which had 5,888 artillery pieces, 728 tanks and 790 airplanes.
		On 18 December, the Soviet 6th Army broke through the defence of the Italian 8th Army (in the left of the Romanian 1st Corps) and the 18th, 24th and 25th Tank Corps penetrated deep behind Axis lines, threatening the rear of the front on the Chir.
		Constantin Constantinescu, yet the Romanian Command was subordinated to the 4th Panzer Army.
	www.worldwar2.ro /operatii?article=12 (364 words)

	Profile: Adrian Nastase - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
		Nastase was a member of the Provisional Council of National Union (a sort of unelected parliament that functioned in spring 1990) and was elected a parliamentary deputy representing the Iliescu-led national Salvation Front (FSN) in May 1990.
		It was at ADIRI that he reportedly caught the eye of Silviu Brucan, a former Romanian ambassador to the United Nations and a signatory of the "letter of six" leaders dispatched by veteran Romanian Communist Party members to communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu in March 1989.
		Brucan, who resigned from the postcommunist National Salvation Front Council in 1990, has reported disappointment in his former protege.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/12/c84318c4-6195-4954-a83e-c2f147efc4e1.html (516 words)

	Democratic_Party_(Romania)
		PD traces its roots in the National Salvation Front (FSN), one of the first political parties to emerge after the Romanian Revolution of 1989 which ended the Communist regime.
		However, due to their alliances with the National Liberal Party, Romanian Humanist Party and the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the Democratic Party is currently part of the governing coalition.
		In advance of the 2004 elections they joined forces with the National Liberal Party to create the Justice and Truth political alliance ("Dreptate şi Adevăr"), whose main purpose was to fight the all-dominating social-democrats PSD.
	www.condominiumwebsites.com /search.php?title=Democratic_Party_(Romania) (387 words)

	Chronology
		The ruling Democratic National Salvation Front (DNSF) won 117 and 49 seats respectively of the Chamber and Senate.
		Considering that this statement violates both Romania's constitution and the law on national security, as it endangers the integrity of the unitary national Romanian state, the PUNR leader asks the Romanian president to order the UDMR honorary president's arrest.
		The UDMR (Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania,) which is a junior partner in the ruling coalition, seeks to speed up the adoption of the amended bill and, therefore, backs an emergency ordinance being passed by the government.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/romhungchro.htm (5147 words)

	Romania
		Parliamentary elections in 1992 did not yield a majority for any party, and a minority government was formed by the Party of Social Democracy (PSD; the new name of the National Salvation Front).
		Front candidates won clear majorities against candidates of the opposition parties in the elections of May 1990.
		Education is compulsory and free for Romanians from the ages of 6 to 16.
	www.geocities.co.jp /SilkRoad/2832/Romania.html (5147 words)

	Untitled Document
		The strategic goal of the Romanian Revolution in 1989 was the establishment of democracy, freedom and dignity for the Romanian people, in the manner that it was provided for by the Communiqué of the National Salvation Front Council in the evening of December 22nd, 1989.
		Article 88 of the Romanian Constitution stipulates the right and the duty of the President for presenting messages in front of the Parliament.
		One of the major achievements of the Romanian Revolution is guaranteeing the freedom of expression, especially the freedom of the press.
	www.nato.int /romania/speechion27oct.htm (5977 words)

	ROMANIA HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1993
		The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) held several seminars during the year to sensitize Romanians to the issue of children's rights, using the United Nations charter on children's rights as a standard.
		In the Transylvanian city of Cluj, Gheorghe Funar, elected mayor in February 1992 as candidate of the nationalist Party of Romanian National Unity (PUNR), continued his anti-Hungarian provocations.
		Ethnic Hungarians, who were unhappy with the constitutional text declaring Romania a "unitary state," fear a gradual process of cultural assimilation and seek additional Hungarian-language postsecondary instruction and use of Hungarian (rather than Romanian with interpretation, as is currently provided by law) in the courts.
	www.hri.org /docs/USSD-Rights/93/Romania93.html (7394 words)

	Military Thought: Outstanding Aviation Commander P.F. Zhigarev - His 100th Birthday
		Already on the third day of hostilities, the Air Force command submitted to the General Staff proposals on eliminating the drawbacks in the employment of the front aviation, organization of strikes at enemy airfields, maneuvers of friendly planes and their cooperation with ground forces.
		During the war with militarist Japan between August 9 and September 2, 1945, Zhigarev commanded the Tenth Air Army, which was part of the Second Far Eastern Front, took part in the Manchuria, Sakhalin, and Kuril offensive operations.
		It should be noted that as chief of the Air Force Main Directorate Zhigarev was not in a position during first several days of hostilities to be directly in charge of combat operations and influence their course.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JAP/is_6_9/ai_72703616 (1517 words)

	Romanian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romanian is the only Romance language where definite articles are enclitic: that is, attached to the end of the noun (as in North Germanic languages), instead of in front (proclitic).
		Romanian is one of the five languages in which religious services are performed in the autonomous monastic state of Mount Athos, spoken in the sketae of Prodromos and Lacu (a sketa being a community of monks; sketae is plural).
		All the dialects of Romanian are believed to have been unified in a Common Romanian language until sometime between the 7th and the 10th century when the area was influenced by the Byzantine Empire and Romanian became influenced by the Slavonic languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_language (1517 words)

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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)